Brosimum utile - Unknown
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Internal ID UUID64400dda4f21a801690928
Scientific name Brosimum utile
Authority (Kunth) Oken
First published in Allg. Naturgesch. 3(3): 1571 (1841)

Description Top

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Brosimum utile, also known as Galactodendron or Pittier, is a plant species in the Moraceae family. It can grow up to 30m tall and has bisexual inflorescences. The plant was discovered by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland during their trip to South America in 1799. The descriptions of the plant were later completed by Carl Sigismund Kunth. The plant is native to southern Central America and northern South America and is commonly found in tropical wet forests. Its white latex is valued for its medicinal properties and has been used as a milk substitute by indigenous people. The plant also has various other uses, such as for making wax, cloth, and wood products. Its leaves and fruits can also be used for animal feed.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Piratinera utilis Baill. Traité Bot. Méd. Phan. 2: 995 (1884)
Brosimum galactodendron D.Don ex Sweet Hort. Brit. , ed. 2: 462 (1830)
Brosimum humboldtii Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 312 (1874)
Brosimum refractum Mart. ex Miq. Fl. Bras. 4(1): 108 (1853)
Galactodendrum utile Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 7: 136 (1825)
Alicastrum utile Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 623. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English cow tree
German kuhbaum
German kuhmilchbaum
German milchbaum
German milchige nussfeige
Italian albero del latte
Georgian რძის ხე
Kazakh Сиырағаш
Lithuanian tikrasis pienmedis
Russian Бросимум молочное дерево
Russian Бросимум полезный
Russian Галактодендрон полезный
Russian Коровье дерево
Russian Пиратинера полезная
Russian Молочное дерево
Russian Бросимум галактодендрон
Russian galactodendron utile
Ukrainian Молочне дерево
Chinese 乳蛇桑

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Brosimum utile subsp. allenii (Woodson) C.C.Berg Acta Bot. Neerl. 19: 327 (1970)
Brosimum utile subsp. ovatifolium (Ducke) C.C.Berg Acta Bot. Neerl. 19: 327 (1970)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

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Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000572451
USDA Plants BRUT
Tropicos 100300816
INPN 734299
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:582724-1
The Plant List kew-2683645
Open Tree Of Life 892930
Observations.org 341222
NCBI Taxonomy 241871
IUCN Red List 63081
IPNI 850840-1
iNaturalist 438076
GBIF 2984657
EPPO BSMUT
EOL 491545
Elurikkus 638732
USDA GRIN 7897
Wikipedia Brosimum_utile

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Tree mortality and recruitment in secondary Andean tropical mountain forests along a 3000 m elevation gradient Ordoñez JC, Pinto E, Bernardi A, Cuesta F PLoS One 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10927132
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300114
PMID:38466663
Two-step hot isostatic pressing densification achieved non-porous fully-densified wood with enhanced physical and mechanical properties Maturana JC, Guindos P, Lagos J, Arroyave C, Echeverría F, Correa E Sci Rep 31-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10471585
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41342-8
PMID:37652944
CAM plants: their importance in epiphyte communities and prospects with global change Zotz G, Andrade JL, Einzmann HJ Ann Bot 07-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC10799991
doi:10.1093/aob/mcac158
PMID:36617243
Rapid estimation of photosynthetic leaf traits of tropical plants in diverse environmental conditions using reflectance spectroscopy Lamour J, Davidson KJ, Ely KS, Anderson JA, Rogers A, Wu J, Serbin SP PLoS One 19-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8525780
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258791
PMID:34665822
Dataset of permanent plots of trees with dbh >10cm in Mashpi rainforest biodiversity reserve, a remnant of the Chocó forest in Northern Ecuador Toasa G, Morochz C, Oleas NH Data Brief 12-Jun-2020
PMCID:PMC7327807
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105845
PMID:32637474
Spider Monkeys Rule the Roost: Ateline Sleeping Sites Influence Rainforest Heterogeneity Whitworth A, Whittaker L, Pillco Huarcaya R, Flatt E, Morales ML, Connor D, Priego MG, Forsyth A, Beirne C Animals (Basel) 01-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6941026
doi:10.3390/ani9121052
PMID:31805694
Phenolics lie at the centre of functional versatility in the responses of two phytochemically diverse tropical trees to canopy thinning Schneider GF, Coley PD, Younkin GC, Forrister DL, Mills AG, Kursar TA J Exp Bot 28-Jun-2019
PMCID:PMC6812699
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz308
PMID:31257446
Nitrogen input by bamboos in neotropical forest: a new perspective Padgurschi MC, Vieira SA, Stefani EJ, Nardoto GB, Joly CA PeerJ 29-Nov-2018
PMCID:PMC6275114
doi:10.7717/peerj.6024
PMID:30519513
Astonishing diversity—the medicinal plant markets of Bogotá, Colombia Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Romero C, Hart RE J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 20-Jun-2018
PMCID:PMC6011411
doi:10.1186/s13002-018-0241-8
PMID:29925407
Traditional knowledge hiding in plain sight – twenty-first century ethnobotany of the Chácobo in Beni, Bolivia Paniagua Zambrana NY, Bussmann RW, Hart RE, Moya Huanca AL, Ortiz Soria G, Ortiz Vaca M, Ortiz Álvarez D, Soria Morán J, Soria Morán M, Chávez S, Chávez Moreno B, Chávez Moreno G, Roca O, Siripi E J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 10-Oct-2017
PMCID:PMC5634836
doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0179-2
PMID:29017576
Net Primary Productivity and Edaphic Fertility in Two Pluvial Tropical Forests in the Chocó Biogeographical Region of Colombia Quinto-Mosquera H, Moreno F PLoS One 23-Jan-2017
PMCID:PMC5256865
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168211
PMID:28114418
Frugivory in Canopy Plants in a Western Amazonian Forest: Dispersal Systems, Phylogenetic Ensembles and Keystone Plants Stevenson PR, Link A, González-Caro S, Torres-Jiménez MF PLoS One 22-Oct-2015
PMCID:PMC4619584
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140751
PMID:26492037
Insect Leaf-Chewing Damage Tracks Herbivore Richness in Modern and Ancient Forests Carvalho MR, Wilf P, Barrios H, Windsor DM, Currano ED, Labandeira CC, Jaramillo CA PLoS One 02-May-2014
PMCID:PMC4008375
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094950
PMID:24788720
The socio-cultural importance of Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps (aguajales) and implications for multi-use management in two Maijuna communities of the Peruvian Amazon Gilmore MP, Endress BA, Horn CM J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 22-Apr-2013
PMCID:PMC3733440
doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-29
PMID:23607601
The Overlooked Biodiversity of Flower-Visiting Invertebrates Wardhaugh CW, Stork NE, Edwards W, Grimbacher PS PLoS One 19-Sep-2012
PMCID:PMC3446946
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045796
PMID:23029246

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