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Actaea rubra

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440073747a56412673139
Scientific name Actaea rubra
Authority (Aiton) Willd.
First published in Enum. Pl. : 561 (1809)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Actaea alba Mill Gard. Dict. ed. 7 : n.º 2 (1759)
Actaea americana Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 366. 1813 [Dec 1813]
Actaea americana var. alba (L.) Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 366 (1813)
Actaea americana var. rubra (Aiton) Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 367 (1813)
Actaea arguta Nutt. Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(1): 35. 1838 [Jul 1838]
Actaea arguta var. pauciflora R.R.Gates Bot. Gaz. 61: 202 (1916)
Actaea arguta var. viridiflora (Greene) Tidestr. & Kittell Fl. Ariz. New Mex. 25 1941
Actaea aspleniifolia Greene Ottawa Naturalist 16: 35 (1902)
Actaea brachypetala DC. Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385 [var. a]. 1817 [1818 publ. 1-15 Nov 1817]
Actaea brachypetala var. alba (L.) DC. Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385. 1817 [1818 publ. 1-15 Nov 1817]
Actaea brachypetala var. rubra (Aiton) DC. Syst. Nat. 1: 385 (1817)
Actaea californica Greene Ottawa Naturalist 16: 36 (1902)
Actaea caudata Greene Ottawa Naturalist 16: 35 (1902)
Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 135 (1895)
Actaea longipes Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 388 (1838)
Actaea rubra var. arguta (Nutt.) M.A.Lawson Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 2: 84. 1884 Rev. Canadian Ranunculaceae
Actaea rubra subsp. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Hultén Acta Univ. Lund., 2 , 41(1): 217 (1945)
Actaea rubra var. dissecta Britton Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 2: 55 (1897)
Actaea rubra var. gigantea R.R.Gates Bot. Gaz. 61: 201 (1916)
Actaea spicata var. alba L. Sp. Pl. : 504 (1753)
Actaea spicata var. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Torr. Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 63 (1857)
Actaea spicata f. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Huth Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16(3): 309. 1892 [23 Dec 1892]
Actaea spicata subsp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. , ser. 4, 13(1): 166 (1971)
Actaea spicata var. dissecta (Britton) K.C.Davis Tax. Stud. N. Amer .Ranunc. : 28 (1900)
Actaea spicata var. erythrocarpa Fisch. Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1: 20 (1835)
Actaea spicata subsp. erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Hultén Kungl. Svenska Vetens.-akad. Handl. 13(1): 166. 1971
Actaea spicata var. rubra Aiton Hort. Kew. 2: 211 (1789)
Actaea spicata subsp. rubra (Ait.) Hultén Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. , ser. 4, 13(1): 166 (1971)
Actaea viridiflora Greene Pittonia 2: 108 (1890)
Actaea viridiflora var. clementiorum R.R.Gates Bot. Gaz. 61: 203 (1916)
Christophoriana alba Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 326 (1914)
Christophoriana arguta Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 362 (1916)
Christophoriana arguta var. alabastrina Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 362 (1916)
Christophoriana rubra Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 326 (1914)
Actaea erythrocarpa f. kamtschatika Kom. Fl. Kamtschatka 2: 118 1929
Actaea rubra f. arguta (Nutt.) Huth Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 309 1893
Actaea vulgaris var. erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 386 1838
Actaea rubra var. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) G.Lawson Rev. Canad. Ranuncul. : 84 (1884)
Actaea spicata subsp. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) A.E.Murray Kalmia 12: 18. 1982
Dipleina umbellata Raf. Autik. Bot. : 54 (1840)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English baneberry
English red baneberry
English western red baneberry
Finnish lännenkonnanmarja
French actée rouge
Polish czerniec czerwony
Russian Воронец красноплодный
Russian Воронец красный
Yakutian Улар отоно
Swedish amerikansk trolldruva
Swedish röd trolldruva
Chinese 红果类叶升麻
Chinese 紅果類葉昇麻

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Actaea rubra f. neglecta B.L.Rob. Rhodora 10: 66 (1908)

Germination/Propagation Top

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Alternate between 4°C and 20°C for 3 months each, over several cycles, with an extended germination period.
Pulpy Coat Inhibits Germination: Seeds with a pulpy or fleshy outer coat need to have this material removed by soaking and rinsing in clean water daily for about a week. The inhibitory substances in the pulp are thus washed away, and germination rates improve.
Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.
seedlings must be grown at less than 20° and can overwinter at -20°, prick out while small, seed is viable for at least 6m

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Labrador
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Minnesota
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Northwest Territorie
      • Nunavut
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000519118
UNII 19M93Y43R4
Canadensys 8412
USDA Plants ACRU2
Tropicos 27100018
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1082557-2
The Plant List kew-2620570
Open Tree Of Life 462245
Observations.org 206048
NCBI Taxonomy 64024
Nature Serve 2.136260
IPNI 1082557-2
iNaturalist 49870
GBIF 5371704
Freebase /m/0g914_
WisFlora 2435
FEIS plants/forb/actrub
EPPO AATSR
EOL 594656
Calflora (Californian flora) 93
USDA GRIN 1383
Wikipedia Actaea_rubra
PFAF Actaea rubra

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J Pathogens 13-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9866317
doi:10.3390/pathogens12010131
PMID:36678480
Plastid Phylogenomics of Paeonia and the Evolution of Ten Flower Types in Tree Peony Li W, Huang XC, Wang YL, Zhang RJ, Shi DY, Li TF, Zhou GC, Xue JY Genes (Basel) 27-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9778541
doi:10.3390/genes13122229
PMID:36553496
The long‐term effects of invasive earthworms on plant community composition and diversity in a hardwood forest in northern Minnesota Alexander G, Almendinger J, White P Plant Environ Interact 21-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC10168095
doi:10.1002/pei3.10075
PMID:37284009
A Systematic Review on Comparative Analysis, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Against Haemonchus contortus Ali R, Rooman M, Mussarat S, Norin S, Ali S, Adnan M, Khan SN Front Pharmacol 10-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8141741
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.644027
PMID:34040520
Exchange of medicinal plant information in California missions McBride JR, Cavero RY, Cheshire AL, Calvo MI, McBride DL J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 15-Jun-2020
PMCID:PMC7296748
doi:10.1186/s13002-020-00388-y
PMID:32539795
Evaluating Sufficient Similarity of Botanical Dietary Supplements: Combining Chemical and In Vitro Biological Data Ryan KR, Huang MC, Ferguson SS, Waidyanatha S, Ramaiahgari S, Rice JR, Dunlap PE, Auerbach SS, Mutlu E, Cristy T, Peirfelice J, DeVito MJ, Smith-Roe SL, Rider CV Toxicol Sci 27-Aug-2019
PMCID:PMC6876258
doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfz189
PMID:31504990
Expanding and testing fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms for identifying roots of boreal forest plant species Metzler P, La Flèche M, Karst J Appl Plant Sci 08-Apr-2019
PMCID:PMC6476169
doi:10.1002/aps3.1236
PMID:31024780
Black Cohosh Extracts and Powders Induce Micronuclei, a Biomarker of Genetic Damage, in Human Cells Smith-Roe SL, Swartz CD, Shepard KG, Bryce SM, Dertinger SD, Waidyanatha S, Kissling GE, Auerbach SS, Witt KL Environ Mol Mutagen 18-Apr-2018
PMCID:PMC6031461
doi:10.1002/em.22182
PMID:29668046
Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin Alonso-Castro AJ, Domínguez F, Ruiz-Padilla AJ, Campos-Xolalpa N, Zapata-Morales JR, Carranza-Alvarez C, Maldonado-Miranda JJ Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 02-Nov-2017
PMCID:PMC5688365
doi:10.1155/2017/9439868
PMID:29234446
The bear in Eurasian plant names: motivations and models Kolosova V, Svanberg I, Kalle R, Strecker L, Özkan AM, Pieroni A, Cianfaglione K, Molnár Z, Papp N, Łuczaj Ł, Dimitrova D, Šeškauskaitė D, Roper J, Hajdari A, Sõukand R J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 21-Feb-2017
PMCID:PMC5320662
doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0132-9
PMID:28222790
Comparison of Flow Injection MS, NMR, and DNA Sequencing: Methods for Identification and Authentication of Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) Harnly J, Chen P, Sun J, Huang H, Colson KL, Yuk J, McCoy JA, Harbaugh Reynaud DT, Harrington PB, Fletcher EJ Planta Med 21-Dec-2015
PMCID:PMC4835812
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558113
PMID:26692457
Beyond a Climate-Centric View of Plant Distribution: Edaphic Variables Add Value to Distribution Models Beauregard F, de Blois S PLoS One 21-Mar-2014
PMCID:PMC3962442
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092642
PMID:24658097
Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds and Radical Scavenging Activity of Four American Actaea Species NUNTANAKORN P, JIANG B, YANG H, CERVANTES-CERVANTES M, KRONENBERG F, KENNELLY EJ Phytochem Anal 01-May-2007
PMCID:PMC2981772
doi:10.1002/pca.975
PMID:17500365
Phytochemical study of actaea rubra and biological screenings of isolates. Ali Z, Khan SI, Khan IA Planta Med 01-Nov-2006
doi:10.1055/S-2006-951696
PMID:17024608
Gitksan medicinal plants-cultural choice and efficacy Johnson LM J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 21-Jun-2006
PMCID:PMC1564001
doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-29
PMID:16790066

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(1S,3'S,4R,5R,6S,7R,8R,10S,12S,13S,16R,18S,21R)-7-hydroxy-3'-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,6,12,17,17-pentamethylspiro[9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docosane-8,2'-oxirane]-18-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 163005859 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3(C2(CCC45C3CCC6C4(C5)CCC(C6(C)C)OC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)C)C)OC8(C1O)C(O8)C(C)(C)O 620.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-951696
2-[7-Hydroxy-3'-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,6,12,17,17-pentamethylspiro[9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docosane-8,2'-oxirane]-18-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 163005858 Click to see 620.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-951696
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Ranunculin 441581 Click to see 276.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF950626M

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