Aconitum soongaricum

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64400715b9d44629208994
Scientific name Aconitum soongaricum
Authority Stapf
First published in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10: 141 (1905)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Reference alkaloid extracts: Dried leaf and root material is processed to obtain purified diterpenoid alkaloid standards (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine) for calibration in LC‑MS/MS metabolomics, HPLC fingerprinting, and NMR spectroscopy.
- Genetic material: Total RNA and DNA from fresh tissues have been used for de novo transcriptome assembly and for sequencing the complete chloroplast genome, providing data for phylogenomic analysis within Ranunculaceae.
- In‑vitro cultures: Callus and suspension cultures of A. soongaricum are maintained to study the expression of genes in the C19‑diterpenoid alkaloid biosynthetic pathway, offering a controlled system for precursor‑feeding experiments.
- Morphological voucher specimens: Herbarium sheets serve as taxonomic reference material for species verification in chemotaxonomic investigations.

Properties relevant to use:
- The plant accumulates a characteristic profile of C19‑diterpenoid alkaloids, making it a valuable source of authentic reference compounds for analytical method development.
- These alkaloids contain nitrogen‑containing bicyclic cores with an acetate substituent at C‑8, generating distinct ion fragments in mass spectrometry that aid compound identification and quantitation.
- The plant is herbaceous with a low proportion of lignified tissue, which limits its use for timber, fiber, or structural applications but facilitates rapid tissue maceration and solvent extraction of alkaloids.
- The presence of highly toxic aconitine‑type alkaloids necessitates biosafety level‑2 handling in laboratory settings, shaping extraction and purification protocols.

Standards and regulation:
- Handling of the plant follows established laboratory‑safety regulations such as OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) and WHO biosafety guidelines for hazardous biological material; no plant‑specific ISO/ASTM standards exist.
- Analytical work with extracts must comply with ISO 17025 requirements for method validation and calibration, ensuring trace‑level detection of alkaloids.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- A. soongaricum is not cultivated for commercial purposes; research material is collected from wild populations under national collection permits in its native range.
- Sustainable sampling practices—such as non‑destructive leaf sampling and limited tissue collection—are employed to minimize impact on natural populations.

No other non‑medicinal uses have been documented for this taxon.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Aconitum alatavicum Vorosch. Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 30: 137 (1945)
Aconitum soongaricum subsp. alatavicum (Vorosch.) Vorosch. Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 160: 20 (1991)
Aconitum soongaricum var. pubescens Steinb. Fl. URSS 7: 232 1937
Aconitum soongaricum var. lasiocarpum C.Marquand & Airy Shaw J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 158 1929

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Azerbaijani cunqar kəpənəkçiçəyi
Kazakh Қара уқорғасын
Russian Аконит джунгарский
Russian Борец джунгарский
tt Җунгардагы аю көпшәсе
Chinese 准噶尔乌头
Chinese 准噶爾烏頭

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • Xinjiang
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000518091
Tropicos 27101192
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:707828-1
The Plant List kew-2619534
Open Tree Of Life 5143682
Observations.org 145182
NCBI Taxonomy 568276
IPNI 707828-1
iNaturalist 876344
GBIF 7276574
Elurikkus 581603
Wikipedia Aconitum_soongaricum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Songorine modulates macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming to alleviate inflammation in osteoarthritis He XX, Huang YJ, Hu CL, Xu QQ, Wei QJ Front Immunol 13-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10896988
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344949
PMID:38415250
Aconitum Alkaloid Songorine Exerts Potent Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-A Receptor Agonist Action In Vivo and Effectively Decreases Anxiety without Adverse Sedative or Psychomotor Effects in the Rat Bali ZK, Bruszt N, Kőszegi Z, Nagy LV, Atlasz T, Kovács P, Csupor D, Csupor-Löffler B, Hernádi I Pharmaceutics 28-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9610616
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14102067
PMID:36297502
Activities and Molecular Mechanisms of Diterpenes, Diterpenoids, and Their Derivatives in Rheumatoid Arthritis Torequl Islam M, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Rahaman MM, Hossain R, Sarkar C, Raihan MA, Chowdhury MM, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Marcelo de Castro e Sousa J, Melo-Cavalcante AA, Mubarak MS, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 25-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8975657
doi:10.1155/2022/4787643
PMID:35368757
Aqueous and Ethanolic Plant Extracts as Bio-Insecticides—Establishing a Bridge between Raw Scientific Data and Practical Reality Tavares WR, Barreto MD, Seca AM Plants (Basel) 04-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8147817
doi:10.3390/plants10050920
PMID:34064367
On the Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine “Fu Zi”: Discovery, Research, and Development of Cardioactive Constituent Mesaconine Wang FP, Chao RB Nat Prod Bioprospect 22-Sep-2020
PMCID:PMC7933290
doi:10.1007/s13659-020-00266-w
PMID:32960403
Botanicals Against Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions: A Survey of Alternatives for Controlling Pest Mites Rincón RA, Rodríguez D, Coy-Barrera E Plants (Basel) 07-Aug-2019
PMCID:PMC6724176
doi:10.3390/plants8080272
PMID:31394806
A new C(20)-diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum soongaricum var. pubescens. Chen L, Shan L, Xu W, Zhang J, Huang S, Zhou X Nat Prod Res 01-Mar-2017
doi:10.1080/14786419.2016.1198348
PMID:27328130
Assessment of genetic characteristics of Aconitum germplasms in Xinjiang Province (China) by RAPD and ISSR markers Zhao F, Nie J, Chen M, Wu G Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 29-Jan-2015
PMCID:PMC4434092
doi:10.1080/13102818.2015.1004899
PMID:26019645
Tools for the identification of bioactives impacting the metabolic syndrome: Screening of a botanical extract library using subcutaneous and visceral human adipose-derived stem cell based assays Buehrer BM, Duffin DJ, Lea-Currie YR, Ribnicky D, Raskin I, Stephens JM, Cefalu WT, Gimble JM J Nutr Biochem 04-May-2011
PMCID:PMC3154462
doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.005
PMID:21543201
Acetylnapelline — A new alkaloid from Aconitum karakolicum M. N. Sultankhodzhaev, L. V. Beshitaishvili, M. S. Yunusov, S. Yu. Yunusov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 09-Jul-2008
doi:10.1007/BF00565227
Alkaloids of the cultivated species Aconitum tauricum and Delphinium elatum Z. M. Vaisov, V. A. Tel'nov, I. A. Bessonova, A. P. Gorelova Springer Science and Business Media LLC 10-Dec-2004
doi:10.1007/BF00631019
Extraction of the total alkaloids fromAconitum soongoricum tubers N. I. Zal'mezh, A. Z. Sadikov, T. T. Shakirov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 10-Dec-2004
doi:10.1007/BF00629989
Alkaloids ofAconitum saposhnikovii andA. karacolicum M. N. Sultankhodzhaev, M. S. Yunusov, S. Yu. Yunusov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 20-Nov-2004
doi:10.1007/BF00577224
Dynamics of the accumulation of alkaloids in the epigeal part ofAconitum leucostomum M. G. Zhamierashvili, V. A. Tel'nov, M. S. Yunusov, S. Yu. Yunusov, A. Nigmatullaev, K. Taizhanov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 20-Nov-2004
doi:10.1007/BF00564863
Structure and Antiarhythmic Activity of 12-Acetyl-12-epinapelline, a New Diterpenoid Alkaloid from Aconitum soongoricum B. T. Salimov, K. K. Turgunjov, B. Tashkhodzhaev, F. N. Dzhakhangirov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 07-Jul-2004
doi:10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids
[(1S,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S,7S,8R,9R,13R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 139593379 Click to see 645.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
Aconifine 441705 Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(C6C4(CC(C6OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(C(C5O)OC)O)O)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)O)COC 661.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
Aconitine 245005 Click to see 645.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
Benzoylaconine 60155417 Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(C6C4CC(C6OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(C(C5O)OC)O)O)OC)OC)O)COC 603.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1198348
Bullatine B 120682 Click to see 437.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90435-7
Bullatine B 146014456 Click to see 437.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90435-7
CID 138911429 138911429 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)C 377.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
[(1R,2R,4S,5R,7R,8R,9R,11S,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-7,16-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-oxido-11-azoniahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate 163189324 Click to see 417.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577224
12-Acetylnapelline N-oxide 163184430 Click to see 417.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577224
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids / Napelline-type diterpenoid alkaloids
(1R,2R,4S,5S,7R,8R,9R,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,7,16-triol 441749 Click to see 359.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
(1R,2R,5R,7R,8R,9R,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-7,16-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-one 441755 Click to see 357.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
(1R,4S,5S,7R,8R,9R,10R,13R,16S)-11-ethyl-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,7,16-triol 139291788 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C56C4CC(C(C5)C(=C)C6O)O)O)C 359.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
(1R,5S,7R,8R,9R,13R)-11-ethyl-7,16-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-one 139291804 Click to see 357.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90435-7
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629989
(2R,4R,5R,7R,8R,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,7,16-triol 138857787 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C56C4CC(C(C5)C(=C)C6O)O)O)C 359.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033933.52438.27
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90435-7
[(1R,2R,4S,5R,7R,8R,9R,10R,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-7,16-dihydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate 162906482 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C56C4CC(C(C5)C(=C)C6O)OC(=O)C)O)C 401.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565227
[(1R,2R,5R,7R,8R,9R,10R,13R,16R,17R)-11-ethyl-16-hydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-4-oxo-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.15,8.01,10.02,8.013,17]nonadecan-7-yl] acetate 163104886 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C56C4CC(=O)C(C5)C(=C)C6OC(=O)C)O)C 399.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00631019
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids
[(1S,5S,8R,9S,10R,11R,13R,14S,16S,17R,18S,19R)-13-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methyl-12-methylidene-3-oxo-7-azaheptacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.07,16.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-19-yl] benzoate 163106633 Click to see 489.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564863
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(3S,3aS,6aR,9aR,9bS)-3-(methoxymethyl)-6,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 15894247 Click to see 262.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564863

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