Aconitum nagarum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400708e3aaf644382836 |
| Scientific name | Aconitum nagarum |
| Authority | Stapf |
| First published in | Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10: 176 (1905) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Potted perennial plants sold by horticultural nurseries under the name Aconitum nagarum or simply “monkshood”.
- Cut‑flower stems marketed for late‑summer arrangements because the erect racemes retain their blue‑purple colour after cutting.
- Landscape plantings in shaded, moist garden borders, woodland gardens, and alpine‑style rockeries.
Properties relevant to use:
- Herbaceous, clump‑forming perennial reaching 0.5–1.2 m in height; leaves are deeply divided and alternate along sturdy, hairless stems.
- Inflorescence is a dense terminal raceme bearing 10–20 tubular flowers, each 2–3 cm long, ranging from deep blue to violet; nectar attracts bees and butterflies, providing late‑season pollinator support.
- Prefers moist, well‑drained soils rich in organic matter; tolerates partial shade to full shade, with optimal growth in dappled light.
- Hardy in USDA Zones 4–7 (RHS hardiness rating H7), making it suitable for temperate gardens.
- Propagated primarily by seed sown in autumn after a 6–12 week cold stratification period; mature clumps can be divided in early spring to maintain vigor.
- While generally robust, slugs and aphids may occasionally be observed, and disease resistance is similar to that of other cultivated Aconitum species.
Standards and regulation:
- Movement of live A. nagarum plants within the European Union is governed by Regulation (EU) 2016/2031, which requires a plant passport certifying phytosanitary status and country of origin.
- In the United States, the import of ornamental perennials is subject to USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) plant import regulations; a phytosanitary certificate is required for each shipment.
- National plant‑labeling standards (e.g., ISO 25964 for horticultural information) are used by commercial nurseries to provide standardized cultivar data on labels.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- A. nagarum is not currently listed on the IUCN Red List, indicating no known global threat status.
- Most commercial material is produced by cultivated propagation rather than wild harvest, reducing pressure on natural populations.
- Horticultural cultivation facilitates controlled growth, allowing growers to meet market demand without depleting wild stocks.
- Regional horticultural societies promote seed exchange and division practices to further reduce reliance on wild collection.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aconitum nagarum var. ecalcaratum | (Airy Shaw) Airy Shaw | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 579 1935 |
| Aconitum nagarum f. ecalcaratum | (Airy Shaw) W.T.Wang | Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 194 (1979) |
| Aconitum venatorium | Diels | Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 268 (1912) |
| Aconitum venatorium var. ecalcaratum | Airy Shaw | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 245 1932 |
| Aconitum bullatifolium var. homotrichum | W.T.Wang ex Y.L.Zeng | Acta Pharm. Sin. 10: 111 1963 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Chinese | 保山附片 |
| Chinese | 保山乌头 |
| Chinese | 山乌头 |
| Chinese | 草乌 |
| Chinese | 小黑牛 |
| Chinese | 水乌头 |
| Chinese | 七星草乌 |
| Chinese | 小白撑 |
| Chinese | 雪上一枝蒿 |
| Chinese | 撒发 |
| Chinese | 雪上一支蒿 |
| Chinese | 保山烏頭 |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aconitum nagarum var. lasiandrum | W.T.Wang | Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 605 (1979) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- East Himalaya
-
Indo-China
- Myanmar
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000517671 |
| Tropicos | 27102953 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:707608-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2619096 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 488235 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 50874 |
| IPNI | 707608-1 |
| GBIF | 7276938 |
| EOL | 2873341 |
| USDA GRIN | 410028 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids | |||||
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,16,18-tetrol | 162853096 | Click to see | 423.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13S,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo(7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17)nonadecane-4,8,16-triol | 11452543 | Click to see | 407.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| (1S,4S,5R,7S,8S,9R,10R, 11S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-N-methyl-8,14-dihydroxy-1,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethylene)aconitane | 57506227 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)OC)COC | 421.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-5,7,14,16-tetrahydroxy-6,18-dimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 162974904 | Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(C6C4CC(C6OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(C(C5O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)COC | 631.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0047 |
| [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 60155415 | Click to see | 629.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| [8-Acetyloxy-11-ethyl-2,5,7,14-tetrahydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 3748601 | Click to see | 661.70 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2969206/ |
| [8-Acetyloxy-11-ethyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 14108159 | Click to see | 629.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| [8-Acetyloxy-11-ethyl-5,7,14,16-tetrahydroxy-6,18-dimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 162974903 | Click to see | 631.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0047 |
| 8-(Acetyloxy)-20-ethyl-3,13-dihydroxy-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitan-14-yl 4-methoxybenzoate | 155569 | Click to see | 659.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| Aconifine | 441705 | Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(C6C4(CC(C6OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(C(C5O)OC)O)O)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)O)COC | 661.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1472-8206.2004.00280.X https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2969206/ |
| Bullatine B | 120682 | Click to see | 437.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| CID 11250863 | 11250863 | Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6(CC4C5C6OC(=O)C7=CC=C(C=C7)OC)O)OC)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)O)COC | 659.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| Isotalatizidine | 4586441 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)COC | 407.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| NeolineBullatine B | 95371629 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)OC)O)COC | 437.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| Senbusine A | 158048 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)O)COC | 423.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| Talatisamine | 159891 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)OC)COC | 421.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,5R,8R,9R,10S,11R,13R,14S,15S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol | 92854548 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCCC34C2CC(C31)C56C4C(C(CC5)C(=C)C6O)O)C | 343.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-02-9455 |
| CID 4481785 | 4481785 | Click to see CCN1CC2(CCCC34C2CC(C31)C56C4C(C(CC5)C(=C)C6O)O)C | 343.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-02-9455 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873135 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |