Aconitum anthora
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644006eeee3ac659691394 |
| Scientific name | Aconitum anthora |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 532 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Herbaceous perennial marketed as “Yellow monkshood” or “Anthora monkshood” by ornamental nurseries. Grown for its tall spikes of blue‑purple to yellow flowers that bloom from midsummer to early autumn. Used in mixed perennial borders, woodland gardens, shade gardens, and as a vertical accent. Widely listed in horticultural databases such as the RHS Plant Finder, the Missouri Botanical Garden PlantFinder, and commercial catalogs (e.g., Perennial Resource, Nourse Farms). Occasionally sold as a cut flower for floral arrangements because the sturdy inflorescences last several days in water. Some specialty growers produce container‑grown specimens for patio and balcony planting.
Scientific/model‑organism use:
- Frequently employed in analytical chemistry and phytochemical research; extracts serve as reference material for the quantitation of aconitine‑type and C₁₉‑norditerpenoid alkaloids (aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and related lipoalkaloids). Published studies (e.g., “Chemical profiling of Aconitum anthora” J. Nat. Prod. 2015) describe the isolation of these compounds and their quantification by HPLC, GC–MS, and LC‑MS/MS. The species is used in chemotaxonomic comparisons within the genus Aconitum and as a source of standard solutions for method validation. It also appears in molecular phylogenetic investigations that sequence nuclear ribosomal DNA and plastid regions to resolve species relationships. Additionally, the plant is included in public databases such as Kew’s Plants of the World Online and the IUCN Red List, providing taxonomic and distribution data for researchers.
Properties relevant to use:
- High content of toxic diterpenoid alkaloids; the predominant alkaloids are lipophilic and readily extracted with organic solvents such as methanol or ethanol, facilitating quantitative analysis. The alkaloid profile shows a predominance of C₁₉‑norditerpenoid bases with high ionization efficiency in electrospray mass spectrometry. The mature flower spikes possess a lignified stalk that imparts durability for cut‑flower applications.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Commercial supply is largely derived from cultivated stock propagated by division of clumps or by seed in controlled nursery environments; wild harvesting is limited and discouraged. No international trade restrictions apply; growers follow local horticultural safety guidelines to prevent accidental ingestion of toxic plant parts. Nurseries typically employ standard IPM practices and document cultivar origins to maintain traceability.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aconitum pseudanthora | Wender. | Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis) 1832: 1, 4 (1832) |
| Aconitum anthora f. collinum | Schur | |
| Aconitum anthora var. confertiflorum | DC. | Syst. Nat. 1: 366 (1817) |
| Aconitum anthora subsp. confertiflorum | (DC.) Vorosch. | Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 96: 23 (1975) |
| Aconitum anthora f. jacquinii | Rchb. | |
| Aconitum anthora var. patulum | Rouy & Foucaud | |
| Aconitum anthora var. velutinum | Rchb. | |
| Aconitum anthora var. versicolor | Steven ex Ser. | Mus. Helv. Bot. 1: 132 1823 |
| Aconitum anthoroideum | DC. | Syst. Nat. 1: 366 (1817) |
| Aconitum anthorum | St.-Lag. | Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon vii. (1880) 119. |
| Aconitum candollei | Rchb. ex Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 18 (1840) |
| Aconitum coeruleum | Blocki | |
| Aconitum confertiflorum | (DC.) Gáyer | Magyar Bot. Lapok 8: 128 (1909) |
| Aconitum confertiflorum var. armenum | Vorosch. | Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 30: 132 1945 |
| Aconitum confertiflorum var. armenum | Vorosch. ex Luferov | Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(10): 91 (2000) |
| Aconitum confertiflorum var. pumilum | Kem.-Nath. | Fl. Gruzii 2(3): 238 (1975) |
| Aconitum confertiflorum var. versicolor | (Steven ex Ser.) Luferov | Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(10): 91 (2000) |
| Aconitum decandollei | Rchb. | Uebers. Aconitum : 16 (1819) |
| Aconitum eulophum | Rchb. | Uebers. Aconitum : 15 (1819) |
| Aconitum inclinatum | Sweet | Hort. Brit. , ed. 2: 9 (1830) |
| Aconitum jacquinii | Rchb. | Uebers. Aconitum : 17 (1819) |
| Aconitum nemorosum | M.Bieb. ex Rchb. | Uebers. Aconitum : 17 (1819) |
| Aconitum ochroleucum | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 375 (1796) |
| Aconitum pallasii | Rchb. | Uebers. Aconitum : 18 (1819) |
| Aconitum pyrenaicum | Pall. | Reise Russ. Reich. 2(1): 316. 1773 |
| Aconitum tuberosum | Patr. ex Rchb. | Uebers. Aconitum : 16 (1819) |
| Aconitum versicolor | Ster. ex Ledeb. | Fl. Ross. 1: 66 (1841) |
| Anthora saxatilis | Fourr. | Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 16: 326 (1868) |
| Anthora versicolor | Steven ex Ser. | Prodr. 1: 57 (1824) |
| Delphinium anthora | Baill. | Traité Bot. Méd. Phan. 1: 477 (1883) |
| Aconitum anthora var. anthoroideum | (DC.) Regel | Index Seminum (LE) 1861: 41 1861 |
| Aconitum nemorosum | Bieb. ex Reichenb. | |
| Aconitum pseudanthora | Blocki ex Pacz. | |
| Aconitum anthora subsp. nemorosum | (Bieb. ex Reichenb.) Vorosch. | Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 158: 37 (1990) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | yellow monkshood |
| Arabic | انتله سوداء |
| Arabic | طواراه |
| Catalan | tora groga |
| Czech | oměj jedhoj |
| German | gift-eisenhut |
| French | aconit anthore |
| French | maclou |
| French | anthore |
| French | aconit vénéneux |
| Croatian | Žutičasti jedić |
| Hungarian | méregölő sisakvirág |
| Icelandic | sólhjálmur |
| Kazakh | Дәрі мәрпі |
| Polish | tojad południowy |
| Romanian | omag galben |
| Russian | Борец противоядный |
| Slovenian | primorska preobjeda |
| Ukrainian | Аконіт дібровний |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
| seed very poisonous, wash hands after handling, 20°C x 4 weeks, then -7°C x 6 weeks, then 10°C, |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
China
- Xinjiang
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Krasnoyarsk
- Tuva
- West Siberia
-
Western Asia
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Czechoslovakia
- Hungary
- Switzerland
-
Southeastern Europe
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000516910 |
| USDA Plants | ACAN8 |
| Tropicos | 27102101 |
| INPN | 80007 |
| Flora of Italy | 1013 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:707158-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2618374 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 14057 |
| Observations.org | 113893 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 112588 |
| IPNI | 707158-1 |
| iNaturalist | 473706 |
| GBIF | 3033670 |
| Freebase | /m/09y2c1 |
| EPPO | AAOAT |
| EOL | 485247 |
| USDA GRIN | 400010 |
| Wikipedia | Aconitum_anthora |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids | |||||
| Benzoylaconine | 60155417 | Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(C6C4CC(C6OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(C(C5O)OC)O)O)OC)OC)O)COC | 603.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1250362 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids | |||||
| 11-Methyl-5-methylidene-16-oxa-13-azahexacyclo[9.6.3.24,7.01,10.02,7.013,17]docosan-6-ol | 4481626 | Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1CCC45C3CC(CC4)C(=C)C5O)C6N(C2)CCO6 | 343.50 | unknown |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6270812/ https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2014.08.025 |
| Anthorine | 441709 | Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1CCC45C3CC(CC4)C(=C)C5O)C6N(C2)CCO6 | 343.50 | unknown |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6270812/ https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2014.08.025 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| [(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24854120 | Click to see | 1048.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| [(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24854055 | Click to see | 1064.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| [5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 74333953 | Click to see | 1048.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| [6-[[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 74333925 | Click to see | 1064.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 13845945 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| 3-((6-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-7-((6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 5488716 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| 5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 5351997 | Click to see | 740.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
| Robinin | 5281693 | Click to see | 740.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.12.009 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |