Details Top

Internal ID UUID64400ccb0ec68996336473
Scientific name Berberis lycium
Authority Royle
First published in Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 64 (1834)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Natural yellow dye. Root, stem, and bark of Berberis lycium yield the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, used in the Indian subcontinent to produce a yellow dye for wool and silk. The dye is obtained via standard mordanting procedures; it binds to protein fibers and shows good fastness to light and washing when properly mordanted. The coloration stems from berberine’s cationic character and planarity, enabling complexation with wool/silk proteins.

Properties relevant to use:
Berberine (C20H18NO4+; molar mass 336.36 g/mol) is water-soluble in acidic media and can be extracted with hot water or alcohol; it imparts a bright lemon-yellow hue and provides fair to good lightfastness and washfastness on protein fibers when alum or other mordants are used. The dye behaves as a substantive/ionic colorant with good substantivity for wool and silk, and a lower affinity for cotton unless a mordanting system is employed.

Standards and regulation:
National textile and dye standards in India and Pakistan govern natural dyes in terms of color fastness testing and quality grading (e.g., BIS 686 and similar fastness protocols; ISO 105 textile color fastness methods used in certification). No product-specific standard for berberine dye from Berberis lycium is recognized as universal.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Berberis afghanica Schneider Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 5: 455 (1905)
Berberis angustifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 2: 183 (1832)
Berberis aurahuacensis hort. ex Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 115: sub t. 7075 in syn. 1889
Berberis heteracantha Ahrendt J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 87 (1961)
Berberis lycium var. simlensis Ahrendt J. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 11: 1 1945
Berberis lycium var. subfasciculatum Ahrendt J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 88 1961
Berberis lycium var. subvirescens Ahrendt J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 89 1961
Berberis vulgaris f. lycium (Royle) Parsa Fl. Iran 2: 340 (1986)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Azerbaijani İtitikanşəkilli zirinc
Chinese 枸杞小檗

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000563482
UNII FX8735J5YL
Tropicos 3500010
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:106865-1
The Plant List kew-2674093
PFAF Berberis lycium
Open Tree Of Life 1032872
NCBI Taxonomy 659594
IUCN Red List 169271521
IPNI 106865-1
GBIF 3982173
EPPO BEBLU
USDA GRIN 6909
Wikipedia Berberis_lycium

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Recent progress of electrospun nanofibers as burning dressings Zhang S, Yang W, Gong W, Lu Y, Yu DG, Liu P RSC Adv 01-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11061782
doi:10.1039/d4ra01514b
PMID:38694552
Anticancer properties and metabolomic profiling of Shorea roxburghii extracts toward gastrointestinal cancer cell lines Janthamala S, Promraksa B, Thanee M, Duenngai K, Jusakul A, Kongpetch S, Kraiklang R, Thanee K, Pinlaor P, Namwat N, Saya H, Techasen A BMC Complement Med Ther 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11061966
doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04479-1
PMID:38689275
Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N BMC Complement Med Ther 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11040872
doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w
PMID:38658923
Plant cultural indicators of forest resources from the Himalayan high mountains: implications for improving agricultural resilience, subsistence, and forest restoration Haq SM, Khoja AA, Waheed M, Pieroni A, Siddiqui MH, Bussmann RW J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11040985
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00685-w
PMID:38659048
Vegetation–edaphic correlation and importance value index in himalayan ‘ecotone’ temperate conifer forest using the multivariate technique Ali F, Zeb M, Amin M, Rajpar MN, Hidayat S, Khan WR Saudi J Biol Sci 24-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11000104
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103983
PMID:38590389
Biochemical Investigation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Berberine-Enriched Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Metabolic Impairment Akash MS, Yaqoob S, Rehman K, Hussain A, Chauhdary Z, Nadeem A, Shahzad A, Shah MA, Panichayupakaranant P ACS Omega 22-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10993375
doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c00696
PMID:38585081
Habitat suitability modelling of Koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha) in moist temperate forest Badrulislam, Khan KA, Khalil S, Hussain M, Saqib Z, Altaf J, Hadi R, Habiba U PLoS One 15-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10868740
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0296921
PMID:38359051
Plants with Anti-Ulcer Activity and Mechanism: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies Prayoga DK, Aulifa DL, Budiman A, Levita J Drug Des Devel Ther 01-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10840521
doi:10.2147/DDDT.S446949
PMID:38318501
Recent Applications of Protoberberines as Privileged Starting Materials for the Development of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents: A Concise Review (2017–2023) Valipour M, Zakeri Khatir Z, Abdollahi E, Ayati A ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 28-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10789142
doi:10.1021/acsptsci.3c00292
PMID:38230282
Wild Edible Fruits as a Source of Food and Medicine: A Study among Tribal Communities of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Ul Abidin SZ, Khan R, Ahmad M, Cuerrier A, Zafar M, Ullah A, Khan J, Saeed A, Al-Qahtani WH, Kazi M Plants (Basel) 21-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10780817
doi:10.3390/plants13010039
PMID:38202347
Traditional ecological knowledge sustains due to poverty and lack of choices rather than thinking about the environment Abdullah A, Khan SM J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 19-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10731846
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00640-1
PMID:38115132
Plant-Associated Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus: Inside Agents for Biocontrol and Genetic Recombination in Phytomicrobiome Sorokan A, Gabdrakhmanova V, Kuramshina Z, Khairullin R, Maksimov I Plants (Basel) 30-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10707757
doi:10.3390/plants12234037
PMID:38068672
Ethno-Dentistry of Medicinal Plants Used in North Waziristan, Pakistan Rehman S, Iqbal Z, Qureshi R, AlOmar TS, Almasoud N, Younas M, Rauf A, Irfan M Int Dent J 11-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10988256
doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.001
PMID:37953188
Addressing the preventive and therapeutic perspective of berberine against diabetes Shrivastava S, Sharma A, Saxena N, Bhamra R, Kumar S Heliyon 03-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10663750
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21233
PMID:38027723
Bioassays guided isolation of berberine from Berberis lycium and its neuroprotective role in aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease combined with insilico molecular docking Ismail H, Khalid D, Waseem D, Ijaz MU, Dilshad E, Haq IU, Bhatti MZ, Anwaar S, Ahmed M, Saleem S PLoS One 01-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10619822
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286349
PMID:37910530

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
(14S)-16,17-dimethoxy-14-(trichloromethyl)-5,7-dioxa-13-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,8.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(8),9,15(20),16,18-heptaene 92170520 Click to see 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80415-7
(8S)-2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-8-(trichloromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline 163070972 Click to see 470.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80415-7
2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-8-(trichloromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline 5250176 Click to see 470.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80415-7
8-Trichloromethyldihydroberberine 320713 Click to see 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80415-7
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
20,21,25-Trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo(22.6.2.23,6.18,12.114,18.027,31.022,33)hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6(35),8,10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaen-9-ol 10170 Click to see 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
Berbamine 275182 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
Oxyacanthine 442333 Click to see 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
Oxycanthine 371257 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
(1S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-((4-(2-hydroxy-5-(((1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl)phenoxy)phenyl)methyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-isoquinolinol 440585 Click to see 596.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1983-03-0425
1-[[4-[2-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-7-ol 163034539 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=C(C=CC(=C4)CO)O)O)OC 421.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1983-03-0425
3-[4-[[(1S)-6,7-dimethoxy-8-[(6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl)oxy]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]phenoxy]-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 102267542 Click to see 638.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50022A001
3-[4-[[6,7-dimethoxy-8-[(6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl)oxy]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]phenoxy]-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 163023865 Click to see 638.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
4-[5-[[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-8-[(6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl)oxy]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]-2-hydroxyphenoxy]benzaldehyde 102512444 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)C=O)OC5=C(C=C6CCN(C(=O)C6=C5)C)OC)OC)OC 638.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
4-[5-[[6,7-dimethoxy-8-[(6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl)oxy]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]-2-hydroxyphenoxy]benzaldehyde 162975683 Click to see 638.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
4-Hydroxy-3-[4-[(11-methoxy-6,19-dimethyl-20-oxo-2,13-dioxa-6,19-diazapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.016,21]docosa-1(14),3,9,11,15,21-hexaen-5-yl)methyl]phenoxy]benzaldehyde 163023134 Click to see 592.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
4-hydroxy-3-[4-[[(1S)-7-[(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]phenoxy]benzaldehyde 102148948 Click to see 610.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1983-03-0425
4-hydroxy-3-[4-[[(5S)-11-methoxy-6,19-dimethyl-20-oxo-2,13-dioxa-6,19-diazapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.016,21]docosa-1(14),3,9,11,15,21-hexaen-5-yl]methyl]phenoxy]benzaldehyde 101428301 Click to see 592.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50022A001
Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-[4-[(11-methoxy-6,19-dimethyl-20-oxo-2,13-dioxa-6,19-diazapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.016,21]docosa-1(14),3,9,11,15,21-hexaen-5-yl)methyl]phenoxy]benzoate 162842958 Click to see 622.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
methyl 4-hydroxy-3-[4-[[(5S)-11-methoxy-6,19-dimethyl-20-oxo-2,13-dioxa-6,19-diazapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.016,21]docosa-1(14),3,9,11,15,21-hexaen-5-yl]methyl]phenoxy]benzoate 162842959 Click to see 622.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/S(B)-1982-01-0063
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives
Oxyberberine 11066 Click to see 351.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80415-7

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