Protea cynaroides - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia

Protea cynaroides - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia

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Details Top

Internal ID UUID64404c3ab70fd005390473
Scientific name Protea cynaroides
Authority (L.) L.
First published in Mant. Pl. 2: 190 (1771)

Description Top

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Protea cynaroides, also known as the king protea, is a unique flowering plant found in the southwestern and southern regions of South Africa. It is a distinctive member of the Protea genus, known for its large flower head, and is also referred to as giant protea, honeypot, or king sugar bush. This plant is not only the national flower of South Africa, but it is also the flagship of the Protea Atlas Project, a conservation effort by the South African National Botanical Institute. With 81 recognized garden varieties, the king protea has a range of colors, including a creamy yellow form. It is a popular choice for flower arrangements and can also be dried for decorative purposes. Adapted to survive wildfires, this plant has a thick underground stem with dormant buds that produce new growth after a fire. The name Protea comes from the Greek god Proteus, known for his ability to change forms, and the specific epithet cynaroides refers to the artichoke-like appearance of the flower heads. This woody shrub has tough, leathery leaves and large, showy flower heads that attract nectarivorous birds and insects. It is also an important part of the fynbos ecosystem, where it

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Protea cyclophylla Gand. & Schinz Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 54 (1913)
Protea eriolepis Gand. & Schinz Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 54 (1913)
Protea woodwardii Endl. Gen. Pl. , Suppl. 4(2): 77 (1848)
Scolymocephalus cynarodes Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 581 (1891)
Erodendrum cynaraeflorum Knight Cult. Prot. : 43 (1809)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English giant protea
English mountain rose
English king protea flower
English king protea
Afrikaans waterprotea
Afrikaans suikerkan
Afrikaans reuseprotea
Afrikaans aprilprotea
Afrikaans bergsuikerkan
Afrikaans grootsuikerkan
Afrikaans heuningpot
Afrikaans koningprotea
Afrikaans koningsprotea
Afrikaans koningsuikerbos
Arabic بروطيا خرشوفية
Bulgarian артишокова протея
Persian گل شکرپاره
Finnish kuningasprotea
Japanese キングプロテア
Dutch koningsprotea
Punjab راچی
Russian Протея артишоковая
Chinese 蓟花山龙眼
Chinese 普羅蒂亞花
Chinese 帝王花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001106756
USDA Plants PRCY2
Tropicos 26500440
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:705744-1
The Plant List tro-26500440
Missouri Botanical Garden 285621
Open Tree Of Life 967321
Observations.org 206393
NCBI Taxonomy 273540
IUCN Red List 113204772
IPNI 705744-1
iNaturalist 132848
GBIF 5637947
Freebase /m/04bt6
EPPO PRWCY
EOL 5512832
Elurikkus 209675
USDA GRIN 29797
Wikipedia Protea_cynaroides

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

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Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_028583415.1 ASM2858341v1 Chromosome University of Pretoria 2023-02-10 60.0x 1.14 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Development of a TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Early and Accurate Detection of Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum siamense in Pachira glabra Gu J, Wang H, Huang X, Liao L, Xie H, Peng X Plants (Basel) 20-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054339
doi:10.3390/plants13081149
PMID:38674558
Growth, photosynthetic function, and stomatal characteristics of Persian walnut explants in vitro under different light spectra Saeedi SA, Vahdati K, Sarikhani S, Daylami SD, Davarzani M, Gruda NS, Aliniaeifard S Front Plant Sci 17-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10690960
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1292045
PMID:38046599
A Review of Phytochemicals and Bioactive Properties in the Proteaceae Family: A Promising Source of Functional Food Zhang J, Netzel ME, Pengelly A, Sivakumar D, Sultanbawa Y Antioxidants (Basel) 01-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10669417
doi:10.3390/antiox12111952
PMID:38001805
Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Infecting Litchi in Hainan, China Cao X, Li F, Xu H, Li H, Wang S, Wang G, West JS, Wang J J Fungi (Basel) 24-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10672147
doi:10.3390/jof9111042
PMID:37998848
Multi-Locus Phylogenetic Analysis Revealed the Association of Six Colletotrichum Species with Anthracnose Disease of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Saudi Arabia Alhudaib K, Ismail AM, Magistà D J Fungi (Basel) 27-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10381574
doi:10.3390/jof9070705
PMID:37504694
Nine new species of black lichenicolous fungi from the genus Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales) from two different climatic zones of China Chang R, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li S, Zhao G, Zhang S, Dai M, Zheng X, Bose T, Si H Front Microbiol 16-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10312087
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191818
PMID:37396360
Ornamental plants associated with Buddhist figures in China Xu X, Yan C, Ma Z, Wang Q, Zhao J, Zhang R, He L, Zheng W J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 25-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10210299
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00595-3
PMID:37231442
Fossil pollen resolves origin of the South African Proteaceae as transcontinental not transoceanic Lamont BB, He T, Cowling RM Ann Bot 20-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC11082520
doi:10.1093/aob/mcad055
PMID:37076271
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1436–1477 Tan YP, Bishop-Hurley SL, Shivas RG, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kölling G, Maharachchikumbura SS, Pinruan U, Bransgrove KL, De la Peña-Lastra S, Larsson E, Lebel T, Mahadevakumar S, Mateos A, Osieck ER, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Sommai S, Ajithkumar K, Akulov A, Anderson FE, Arenas F, Balashov S, Bañares Á, Berger DK, Bianchinotti MV, Bien S, Bilański P, Boxshall AG, Bradshaw M, Broadbridge J, Calaça FJ, Campos-Quiroz C, Carrasco-Fernández J, Castro JF, Chaimongkol S, Chandranayaka S, Chen Y, Comben D, Dearnaley JD, Ferreira-Sá AS, Dhileepan K, Díaz ML, Divakar PK, Xavier-Santos S, Fernández-Bravo A, Gené J, Guard FE, Guerra M, Gunaseelan S, Houbraken J, Janik-Superson K, Jankowiak R, Jeppson M, Jurjević Ž, Kaliyaperumal M, Kelly LA, Kezo K, Khalid AN, Khamsuntorn P, Kidanemariam D, Kiran M, Lacey E, Langer GJ, López-Llorca LV, Luangsa-ard JJ, Lueangjaroenkit P, Lumbsch HT, Maciá-Vicente JG, Mamatha Bhanu LS, Marney TS, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Morte A, Naseer A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Oyedele O, Peters S, Piskorski S, Quijada L, Ramírez GH, Raja K, Razzaq A, Rico VJ, Rodríguez A, Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M, Sánchez RM, Santelices C, Savitha AS, Serrano M, Leonardo-Silva L, Solheim H, Somrithipol S, Sreenivasa MY, Stępniewska H, Strapagiel D, Taylor T, Torres-Garcia D, Vauras J, Villarreal M, Visagie CM, Wołkowycki M, Yingkunchao W, Zapora E, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW Persoonia 20-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC10792226
doi:10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.08
PMID:38234383
The genome of the king protea, Protea cynaroides Chang J, Duong TA, Schoeman C, Ma X, Roodt D, Barker N, Li Z, Van de Peer Y, Mizrachi E Plant J 10-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC10107735
doi:10.1111/tpj.16044
PMID:36424853
Micropropagation of Citronella mucronata D. Don, a Vulnerable Chilean Endemic Tree Species Guerra F, Badilla L, Cautin R, Castro M Plants (Basel) 16-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9500790
doi:10.3390/plants11182425
PMID:36145826
Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum aenigma , C. alienum , C. perseae , C. siamense and C. theobromicola Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL EFSA J 25-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9405523
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7529
PMID:36034322
Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China Peng C, Crous PW, Jiang N, Fan XL, Liang YM, Tian CM Persoonia 13-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC10792223
doi:10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07
PMID:38234377
Fatal Bronchopneumonia and Tracheitis in a Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Caused by Serratia proteamaculans Hall J, Bender H, Miller N, Thompson P Animals (Basel) 25-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9331705
doi:10.3390/ani12151891
PMID:35892541
Characterization of Four New Compounds from Protea cynaroides Leaves and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential Yalo M, Makhaba M, Hussein AA, Sharma R, Koki M, Nako N, Mabusela WT Plants (Basel) 30-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9269349
doi:10.3390/plants11131751
PMID:35807702

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