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Stenotaphrum secundatum

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644032cc05c0e739811656
Scientific name Stenotaphrum secundatum
Authority (Walter) Kuntze
First published in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794 (1891)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products: Stenotaphrum secundatum is primarily marketed as a warm‑season turfgrass in the form of sod, rolled turf, and pre‑grown plugs. The commercial product consists of a dense mat of stolons, rhizomes, and a shallow root system harvested as a thin, vegetated slab. Seed of selected cultivars is also produced for establishment by sowing; the seed is usually sold under cultivar names (e.g., ‘Raleigh’, ‘FX‑10’) with specifications on germination rate and purity. Both sod and seed are used in residential lawns, commercial landscaping, golf‑course roughs, and roadside plantings.

Industrial and craft applications: In erosion‑control projects, Stenotaphrum secundatum is incorporated into vegetated mats and filter‑strips to stabilize sandy soils, dune fronts, and road embankments. Its rapid stolon spread and tolerance to salt spray make it suitable for coastal dunes, and it is listed in the USDA NRCS and Australian Department of Agriculture plant materials for soil‑stabilization programs. The grass is also employed in phytoremediation plantings for runoff filtration because its dense canopy reduces sediment transport.

Properties relevant to use: The species possesses C4 photosynthesis, which enables high growth rates at temperatures of 30–35 °C. It tolerates soil salinity up to approximately 12 dS m⁻¹, showing moderate shade tolerance and a low nitrogen requirement relative to cool‑season grasses. Its stoloniferous growth produces a self‑repairing sod that can be mowed at 1–5 cm without loss of vigor, and the tissue contains relatively low lignin and high cellulose, providing a flexible, dense mat that resists erosion.

Standards and regulation: Seed quality is governed by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules and the United States Federal Seed Act, which require labeling of germination percentage, purity, and cultivar identity. Sod production follows state‑certification programs (e.g., Florida Turfgrass Certification) and ASTM International test methods for turfgrass performance (e.g., ASTM F 1815 for turfgrass seed germination).

Sustainability and sourcing: As a warm‑season species, Stenotaphrum secundatum requires 30–40 % less irrigation than cool‑season turfgrasses, reducing water consumption in landscaping. Commercial production occurs in the southern United States, Australia, and South Africa, with sod typically harvested and shipped within regional markets to minimize transport emissions. However, the grass is classified as invasive in several non‑native jurisdictions, and management guidelines are issued by local agricultural departments to prevent spread into natural habitats.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Diastemanthe platystachys Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(4-5): 360. 1854 [1855 publ. 20-21 Jul 1854]
Ischaemum secundatum Walter Fl. Carol. : 249 (1788)
Rottboellia paleacea Steud. ex Döll Fl. Bras. 2(2): 301 (1877)
Rottboellia stolonifera Poir. Encycl. 6: 310 (1804)
Rottboellia tripsacoides Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 205 (1792)
Stenotaphrum americanum Schrank Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 98.
Stenotaphrum dimidiatum var. americanum Hack. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 21: 57 (1911)
Stenotaphrum dimidiatum var. secundatum (Walter) Domin Biblioth. Bot. 20(85): 332 (1915)
Stenotaphrum glabrum var. americanum (Schrank) Döll Fl. Bras. 2(2): 300 (1877)
Stenotaphrum sarmentosum Nees Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 93 (1829)
Stenotaphrum secundatum var. variegatum Hitchc. Stand. Cycl. Hort. 6: 3237. 1917

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English buffalo grass
English centipede grass
English buffalo turf
English st. augustine grass
English saint augustine grass
Afrikaans kuslandbuffelgras
Arabic نجيل فرنساوي
Estonian longus pühvlihein
Galician gramón
Croatian sv. augustina trava
Japanese イヌシバ
Norwegian Bokmål bøffelgress
Portuguese grama sto. agostinho
Tonga sipilini
Tonga stenotaphrum americanum
Chinese 条纹钝叶草
Chinese 奧古斯丁草
Chinese 侧钝叶草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Cape Verde
      • Madeira
    • Middle Atlantic Ocean
      • Ascension
      • Saint Helena
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Mozambique
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon
      • Congo
      • Equatorial Guinea
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Mauritius
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States
      • Saudi Arabia
    • China
      • China Southeast
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indo-China
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Philippines
    • Papuasia
      • Solomon Islands
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Norfolk Island
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Tasmania
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
    • New Zealand
      • Kermadec Islands
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Sicilia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Missouri
      • Oklahoma
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Louisiana
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Caroline Islands
      • Marianas
      • Marshall Islands
    • South-central Pacific
      • Cook Islands
      • Line Islands
      • Marquesas
      • Society Islands
      • Tubuai Islands
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji
      • New Caledonia
      • Samoa
      • Tokelau-manihiki
      • Tonga
      • Vanuatu
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Bahamas
      • Bermuda
      • Cayman Islands
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Southwest Caribbean
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Costa Rica
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá
    • Northern South America
      • French Guiana
      • Guyana
      • Suriname
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Chile Central
      • Chile North
      • Chile South
      • Paraguay
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Galápagos
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000901635
Florida Plant Atlas 3754
Flora of Alabama 5065
USDA Plants STSE
Tropicos 25511528
INPN 125107
Flora of Italy 8625
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:423051-1
The Plant List kew-444625
Open Tree Of Life 815627
Observations.org 143861
NCBI Taxonomy 158163
Nature Serve 2.144318
IUCN Red List 192156108
IPNI 423051-1
iNaturalist 79210
GBIF 2702870
Freebase /m/0gmhtr
EPPO STPSE
EOL 1115199
Elurikkus 7582
Calflora (Californian flora) 7783
US Library of Congress sh95003935
USDA GRIN 35523
Wikipedia St._Augustine_grass

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
New Alien Plant Taxa for Italy and Europe: An Update Musarella CM, Laface VL, Angiolini C, Bacchetta G, Bajona E, Banfi E, Barone G, Biscotti N, Bonsanto D, Calvia G, Cambria S, Capuano A, Caruso G, Crisafulli A, Del Guacchio E, Di Gristina E, Domina G, Fanfarillo E, Fascetti S, Fiaschi T, Galasso G, Mascia F, Mazzacuva G, Mei G, Minissale P, Motti R, Perrino EV, Picone RM, Pinzani L, Podda L, Potenza G, Rosati L, Stinca A, Tavilla G, Villano C, Wagensommer RP, Spampinato G Plants (Basel) 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934091
doi:10.3390/plants13050620
PMID:38475466
Latrine site selection by African clawless otters, Aonyx capensis, and their behavior during latrine visitations Nicolaides SG, Mostert TH, McIntyre T J Mammal 17-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10838015
doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad118
PMID:38314440
Salt tolerance and regulation of Na+, K+, and proline contents in different wild turfgrasses under salt stress Tada Y, Kochiya R, Toyoizumi M, Takano Y Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 25-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10904837
doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0721a
PMID:38434114
Pyricularia’s Capability of Infecting Different Grasses in Two Regions of Mexico Sequera-Grappin I, Ventura-Zapata E, De la Cruz-Arguijo EA, Larralde-Corona CP, Narváez-Zapata JA J Fungi (Basel) 27-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10672002
doi:10.3390/jof9111055
PMID:37998861
An invasive appetite: Combining molecular and stable isotope analyses to reveal the diet of introduced house mice (Mus musculus) on a small, subtropical island Holthuijzen WA, Flint EN, Green SJ, Plissner JH, Simberloff D, Sweeney D, Wolf CA, Jones HP PLoS One 19-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10586637
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293092
PMID:37856477
Comprehensive insights into herbicide resistance mechanisms in weeds: a synergistic integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses Sen MK, Bhattacharya S, Bharati R, Hamouzová K, Soukup J Front Plant Sci 11-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10598704
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1280118
PMID:37885667
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new graminicolous species, Curvularia aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. with new records of Curvularia spp. from Sri Lanka Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Munasinghe MS, Castlebury LA Fungal Syst Evol 28-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10918625
doi:10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11
PMID:38455951
Morphological and Molecular Diversity among Pin Nematodes of the Genus Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Paratylenchidae) from Florida and Other Localities and Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Álvarez-Ortega S, Subbotin SA, Wang KH, Stanley JD, Vau S, Crow W, Inserra RN Plants (Basel) 26-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10421193
doi:10.3390/plants12152770
PMID:37570925
Pest categorisation of Blissus insularis Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A EFSA J 25-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10366936
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8121
PMID:37496697
Pest categorisation of Hoplolaimus galeatus Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 20-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10357347
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8117
PMID:37485256
Sensitivity of Clarireedia spp. to benzimidazoles and dimethyl inhibitors fungicides and efficacy of biofungicides on dollar spot of warm season turfgrass Ghimire B, Aktaruzzaman M, Chowdhury SR, Spratling WT, Vermeer CB, Buck JW, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Bahri BA Front Plant Sci 09-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10288879
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1155670
PMID:37360709
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of a warm season ornamental grass, Cenchrus alopecuroides Thunb. 1794 (Poaceae) Wang Z, Yan L, Yue J, Teng Y, Li P Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 31-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10236958
doi:10.1080/23802359.2023.2209391
PMID:37275396
Pest categorisation of Solenopsis invicta Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A EFSA J 08-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10205889
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7998
PMID:37234270
Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S Heliyon 28-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10113797
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639
PMID:37089375
Interspecific Drought Cuing in Plants Falik O, Novoplansky A Plants (Basel) 06-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10007240
doi:10.3390/plants12051200
PMID:36904059

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Gallery Top

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