Lolium rigidum in Genus Lolium

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID644031325da97162869360
Scientific name	Lolium rigidum
Authority	Gaudin
First published in	Agrost. Helv. 1: 334 (1811)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Seed of Lolium rigidum is produced in agricultural systems as an weed seed contaminant that enters grain lots and feed streams; it is not a cultivated product.

Industrial and craft applications:
The species has no established timber, fiber, gum, resin, dye, starch, oil, or adhesive uses.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
It is not a food or beverage crop.

Colorants and tanning:
No colorant or tannin use is documented.

Wood and fiber:
No wood or fiber use is documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance or cosmetic use is documented.

Scientific/model use:
Lolium rigidum is a model organism for weed science and herbicide resistance research. It has contributed genetic markers, quantitative trait loci, and genomic resources used to study mechanisms of resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)– and acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides; traits have been transferred to crops via conventional breeding (e.g., ACCase resistance into canola). The species is a reference organism in herbicide dose–response methodology and in population genetics of spread of resistance alleles.

Properties relevant to use:
Relevant to its use in genetics and evolution are its predominantly selfing reproductive system, short life cycle, and polyploid series (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid), which facilitate controlled crosses and studies of resistance evolution under field and greenhouse conditions.

Standards and regulation:
Herbicide labels and registrations govern on-farm use (e.g., APVMA in Australia for glyphosate, paraquat, ACCase, and ALS inhibitors). Laboratory assays for resistance commonly follow OECD guidelines for dose–response protocols.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Lolium rigidum is a major cropping weed across southern Australia and Mediterranean climates. Seed dormancy and persistence create large, long-lived seed banks; conservation agriculture and reduced tillage can enhance its recruitment. Integrated management that prevents seed set and avoids repeated herbicide exposure is recommended to slow spread of resistant populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Arthrochortus loliaceus	Lowe	Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 8: 301 (1856)
Crypturus loliaceus	Link	Linnaea 17: 387 (1844)
Festuca aleppica	Hochst. ex Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 302 (1854)
Lolium arenarium	Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 38 (1853)
Lolium crassiculme	Rech.f.	Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105: 175 (1943)
Lolium cylindricum	K.Koch	Linnaea 21: 434 (1848)
Lolium durum	K.Koch	Linnaea 21: 434 (1848)
Lolium flagellare	Spruner ex Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 680 (1884)
Lolium humile	Rouy	Fl. France 14: 309 (1913)
Lolium husnotii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 408 (1927)
Lolium lepturoides	Boiss.	Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 67 (1854)
Lolium loliaceum	Hand.-Mazz.	Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28: 32 (1914)
Lolium lowei	Menezes	Gramin. Arch. Madeira : 47 (1906)
Lolium macilentum	Delastre	Fl. Vienne : 498 (1842)
Lolium multiflorum var. muticum	DC.	Fl. Franç. éd. 3, 6: 286. 1815
Lolium multiflorum var. rigidum	(Gaudin) Trab.	Fl. Algérie Monocot.: 238. 1895
Lolium parabolicae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 408, nomen. 1922 [1921 publ. 1922]
Lolium perenne subsp. rigidum	(Gaud.) Á.Löve & D.Löve	Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10: 273 (1975)
Lolium perenne var. rigidum	(Gaudin) Coss. & Durieu	Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 194 1855
Lolium phoenice	Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 36 (1853)
Lolium rigidum subsp. negevense	Feinbrun	Fl. Palaestina 4: 397, 232 (1986)
Lolium rigidum var. aristatum	Hack.	Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 530 (1906)
Lolium rigidum var. corsicum	Briq.	Prodr. Fl. Corse 180 1910
Lolium rigidum var. duthiei	Hook.f.	Fl. Brit. India 7: 364. 1896
Lolium rigidum var. glabrum	Grossh.	Fl. Kavkaza ed. 2, 1: 319. 1939
Lolium rigidum var. lepturoides	(Boiss.) Fiori & Paoli	Fl. Italia 1: 104 1895
Lolium rigidum var. loliaceum	(Bory & Chaub.) Halácsy	Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 446. 1904
Lolium rigidum var. maritimum	(Godr.) Briq.	Prodr. Fl. Corse 179 1910
Lolium rigidum var. oliganthum	(Godr.) Maire & Weiller	in Fl. Afr. Nord 3: 245 1955
Lolium rigidum var. perenne	Grossh.	Fl. Kavkaza ed. 2, 1: 319. 1939
Lolium rigidum var. rottboellioides	Heldr. ex Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 680. 1884
Lolium rigidum var. subteres	Maire & Weiller	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 208. 1941
Lolium rigidum var. tenue	(Godr.) T.Durand & Schinz	Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 933 1894
Lolium rigidum var. teres	(H.Lindb.) Maire	Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 866. 1934
Lolium rigidum var. transiens	Burollet	Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 16: 126. 1937
Lolium strictum	C.Presl	Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. : 49 (1820)
Lolium strictum	Decker ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 65 (1841)
Lolium strictum var. maritimum	Godr.	Fl. France 3: 613. 1856
Lolium strictum var. tenue	Godr.	Fl. France 3: 613. 1856
Lolium suffultum	Sieber ex Huter	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 58: 33 (1908)
Lolium temulentum var. oliganthum	Godr.	Fl. France 3: 615. 1856
Lolium temulentum var. subulatum	(Vis.) Husn.	Graminées 86. 1899
Lolium teres	H.Lindb.	Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 19 (1932)
Monerma stricta	Presl ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 156 (1841)
Rottboellia loliacea	Bory & Chaub.	Exp. Sci. Morée, Bot. : 46 (1832)
Lolium scholzii	Greuter	Bocconea 25: 111 (2012)
Lolium rigidum var. atherophorum	Maire	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 99 (1942)
Lolium rigidum subsp. parabolicae	(Sennen ex Samp.) O.Bolòs & Vigo	Fl. Països Catalans 4: 362 (2001)
Lolium strictum subsp. humile	(Rouy) Rouy	Consp. Fl. France : 295 (1927)
Lolium rigidum subsp. maroccanum	Sennen & Mauricio	Diagn. Nouv. 1928-1935: 245 (1936)
Lolium rigidum var. duthiaei	Hook.f.	Fl. Brit. India 7: 364 (1896)
Lolium rigidum var. longiglume	Melderis	Ark. Bot. , ser. 2, 2: 299 (1952)
Lolium rigidum var. strictum	(C.Presl) Cufod.	Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique , Suppl.: 1212 (1968)
Lolium multiflorum var. lepturoides	(Boiss.) Trab.	Fl. Algérie , Monocot.: 239 (1895)
Lolium rigidum var. subacaulis	Vis.	Fl. Dalmat. , Suppl.: 22 (1872)
Lolium arvense var. rigidum	(Gaudin) Laterr.	Fl. Bordelaise , éd. 4: 447 (1846)
Lolium rigidum var. asperum	Grognot	Cat. Rais. Pl. Vasc. Départ. Saône-et-Loire , Suppl.: 202 (1859)
Lolium strictum var. giganteum	Loscos & J.Pardo	Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. : 116 (1863)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	wimmera ryegrass
Arabic	زوان خشن
Azerbaijani	sərt quramat
Bulgarian	твърда глушина
Czech	jílek tuhý
Welsh	rhygwellt môr y canoldir
German	steif-lolch
Persian	چچم شکننده
Finnish	tankearaiheinä
Finnish	tankiraiheinä
French	ivraie raide
Croatian	tvrdi ljulj
Swedish	styvrepe
Ukrainian	Пажитниця жорстка
Chinese	硬直黑麦草
Chinese	硬直黑麥草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
  - Madeira
  - Selvagens
- Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - Saint Helena
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
  - Western Sahara
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Mauritania

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Kuwait
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
- Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan
- Russian Far East
  - Khabarovsk
  - Primorye
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - Chatham Islands
  - Kermadec Islands
  - New Zealand North

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Switzerland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Missouri
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
- South-central U.S.A.
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Louisiana
  - Mississippi
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
- Western Canada
  - Manitoba

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Chile South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000878467
Canadensys	7760
USDA Plants	LORI
Tropicos	25511246
INPN	106507
Flora of Italy	7385
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407503-1
The Plant List	kew-422874
Open Tree Of Life	459976
Observations.org	141435
NCBI Taxonomy	89674
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004868
Nature Serve	2.133208
IPNI	407503-1
iNaturalist	164711
GBIF	2706218
EPPO	LOLRI
EOL	1114468
Elurikkus	287156
Calflora (Californian flora)	4947
USDA GRIN	22498
Wikipedia	Lolium_rigidum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCF_022539505.1	APGP_CSIRO_Lrig_0.1	Chromosome	Australian Pest Genome Partnership	2022-03-14	41	2.27 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

Fan L, Niu Z, Shi G, Song Z, Yang Q, Zhou S, Wang L

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085594
doi:	10.3390/plants13091191
PMID:	38732405

Neighbour-induced changes in root exudation patterns of buckwheat results in altered root architecture of redroot pigweed

Eroğlu ÇG, Bennett AA, Steininger-Mairinger T, Hann S, Puschenreiter M, Wirth J, Gfeller A

Sci Rep

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11018816
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-58687-3
PMID:	38622223

Physiological and molecular insights into the allelopathic effects on agroecosystems under changing environmental conditions

Kumar N, Singh H, Giri K, Kumar A, Joshi A, Yadav S, Singh R, Bisht S, Kumari R, Jeena N, Khairakpam R, Mishra G

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11018569
doi:	10.1007/s12298-024-01440-x
PMID:	38633277

Enhancing malting performance of harder barley varieties through ultrasound treatment

Qin Q, Zhang L, Yin H, Yu J, Hu S, Zhang Z, Liu J

Ultrason Sonochem

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998182
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106860
PMID:	38554531

Transcriptome-Based Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Photosynthesis Pathway and Hub Genes Involved in Promoting Tiller Growth under Repeated Drought–Rewatering Cycles in Perennial Ryegrass

Ding Y, Zhang X, Li J, Wang R, Chen J, Kong L, Li X, Yang Z, Zhuang L

Plants (Basel)

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976046
doi:	10.3390/plants13060854
PMID:	38592951

Pitting the olive seed microbiome

Wentzien NM, Fernández-González AJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Lasa AV, Villadas PJ, Wicaksono WA, Cernava T, Berg G, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J

Environ Microbiome

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10943921
doi:	10.1186/s40793-024-00560-x
PMID:	38491515

Chromosome‐scale genome assembly of Poa trivialis and population genomics reveal widespread gene flow in a cool‐season grass seed production system

Brunharo CA, Benson CW, Huff DR, Lasky JR

Plant Direct

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934236
doi:	10.1002/pld3.575
PMID:	38481436

Surveying and mapping cereals and legumes wild relatives in Mount Hermon (Bekaa, Lebanon)

Sayde E, Chalak L, Baydoun S, Shehadeh A, El Zein H, Al Beyrouthy J, Yazbek M

Ecol Evol

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10926055
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10943
PMID:	38469046

A decade of advances in the study of buckwheat for organic farming and agroecology (2013-2023)

Vieites-Álvarez Y, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM

Front Plant Sci

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10950947
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1354672
PMID:	38510443

A chromosome level genome assembly of Pseudoroegneria Libanotica reveals a key Kcs gene involves in the cuticular wax elongation for drought resistance

Zhai X, Wu D, Chen C, Yang X, Cheng S, Sha L, Deng S, Cheng Y, Fan X, Kang H, Wang Y, Liu D, Zhou Y, Zhang H

BMC Genomics

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10916072
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10140-5
PMID:	38448864

Synthesis and biological profile of 2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines, a novel class of acyl-ACP thioesterase inhibitors

Frackenpohl J, Barber DM, Bojack G, Bollenbach-Wahl B, Braun R, Getachew R, Hohmann S, Ko KY, Kurowski K, Laber B, Mattison RL, Müller T, Reingruber AM, Schmutzler D, Svejda A

Beilstein J Org Chem

01-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10910475
doi:	10.3762/bjoc.20.46
PMID:	38440172

G-site residue S67 is involved in the fungicide-degrading activity of a tau class glutathione S-transferase from Carica papaya

Wang SY, Wang YX, Yue SS, Shi XC, Lu FY, Wu SQ, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Laborda P

J Biol Chem

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10958117
doi:	10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107123
PMID:	38417796

Combining biochar and grass-legume mixture to improve the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs)

Pinna MV, Diquattro S, Garau M, Grottola CM, Giudicianni P, Roggero PP, Castaldi P, Garau G

Heliyon

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918015
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26478
PMID:	38455572

Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of the Communities of Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean Area

Cano E, Cano-Ortiz A, Quinto Canas R, Piñar Fuentes JC, Rodrigues Meireles C, Raposo M, Pinto Gomes C, Laface VL, Spampinato G, Musarella CM

Plants (Basel)

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934477
doi:	10.3390/plants13050568
PMID:	38475415

Genomic characterisation and dissection of the onset of resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides in a large collection of Digitaria insularis from Brazil

Sehgal D, Oliveira C, Mathioni S, Widdison S, Plumb W, Campos B, Kaundun SS

Front Genet

19-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10910277
doi:	10.3389/fgene.2024.1340852
PMID:	38440194

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Lolium rigidum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top