Eragrostis cilianensis in Genus Eragrostis

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID64403018a7302502524218
Scientific name	Eragrostis cilianensis
Authority	(All.) Vignolo ex Janch.
First published in	Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5: 110 (1907)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Eragrostis cilianensis is primarily grazed by livestock and harvested as hay for cattle, horses, sheep and goats. The plant tolerates intermittent grazing and quickly regrows after cutting, making it suitable for rotational grazing systems. When cut at early bloom and air‑dried to about 12 % moisture, the hay yields a product with moderate crude protein (about 8–10 % on a dry‑matter basis) and a high proportion of neutral‑detergent fiber, providing a balanced forage for ruminants. The species can also be ensiled under anaerobic conditions, giving a conserved feed for periods of forage shortage. In semi‑arid regions, E. cilianensis is frequently sown as a low‑cost pasture to extend the grazing season.

Industrial and craft applications:
The grass is listed among non‑wood fiber resources in FAO publications and can be processed into pulp for paper and packaging. Pulping trials using the soda‑anthraquinone (SAQ) method have shown pulp yields of roughly 45 % (cooked weight) and brightness values around 55 % ISO after a moderate bleaching sequence, comparable to other annual grasses used for corrugating medium. In laboratory investigations, the species has been evaluated as a cellulosic feedstock for bioethanol conversion. Acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification has released fermentable sugars at rates comparable to those reported for switchgrass, indicating suitability for second‑generation biofuel production.

Properties relevant to use:
The harvested material consists of the aboveground shoots and inflorescences, which are baled or chopped for transport. Chemical analyses of the dry biomass report cellulose concentrations of about 44–48 % and lignin around 16–20 % by weight, typical for C4 grasses. The material contains 5–8 % ash and, when baled, has a bulk density of roughly 120–150 kg m⁻³. Energy content on a dry basis is about 18 MJ kg⁻¹, similar to other herbaceous biomass. Reported annual dry‑matter yields range from 3 to 5 t ha⁻¹ under favorable moisture and temperature conditions.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Because E. cilianensis completes its life cycle in a single year and self‑seeds readily, it can be cultivated with minimal reseeding inputs. The plant thrives on disturbed or low‑fertility sites, reducing competition with food crops and allowing use of marginal land. Growing the species as a short‑term cover crop or bio‑energy feedstock can increase soil organic carbon by an estimated 0.3–0.5 t ha⁻¹ per year, contributing to carbon sequestration. Its rapid growth and tolerance to drought support low‑input, high‑biomass production, though the weedy habit requires careful management to prevent unwanted spread.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Briza eragrostis	L.	Sp. Pl. : 70 (1753)
Briza megastachya	hort. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 225 (1840)
Briza oblonga	Moench	Methodus : 185 (1794)
Briza purpurascens	Muhl.	Descr. Gram. : 154 (1817)
Calotheca purpurascens	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 1: 348 (1824)
Eragrostis argentina	Jedwabn.	Bot. Arch. 5: 193 (1924)
Eragrostis articulata	De Wild.	Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 6: 58 (1919)
Eragrostis cilianensis f. megastachya	(Koeler) Maire & Weiller	in Fl. Afr. Nord 2: 175 1953
Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. major	(Host) Maire & Weiller	in Fl. Afr. Nord 2: 175 1953
Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. megastachya	(Koeler) Maire & Weiller	in Fl. Afr. Nord 2: 175 1953
Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. starosselskyi	(Grossh.) Tzvelev	Zlaki SSSR : 634 (1976)
Eragrostis cilianensis var. starosselskyi	(Grossh.) Dobignard & Portal	Eragrostis France & Europe Occid. : 193 (2002)
Eragrostis cilianensis var. subbiloba	(Chiov.) Dobignard & Portal	Eragrostis France & Europe Occid. : 195 (2002)
Eragrostis cilianensis var. thyrsiflora	(Willk.) Dobignard & Portal	Eragrostis France & Europe Occid. : 197 (2002)
Eragrostis costata	Turner	Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 91 (1905)
Eragrostis eragrostis	MacMill.	Metasp. Minnesota Valley : 75 (1892)
Eragrostis flexuosa	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(3): 266. 1854 [1855 publ. 12-13 Apr 1854]
Eragrostis leersioides	(J.Presl) Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 263 1854
Eragrostis major	Host	Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: t. 24 (1809)
Eragrostis major var. subbiloba	(Chiov.) Chiov.	Result. Sci. Miss. Stefan.-Paoli Somal. Ital. 1: 187 1916
Eragrostis megalostachya	St.-Lag.	Étude Fl., ed. 8 [A. Cariot] 2: 935. 1889
Eragrostis megastachya	(Koeler) Link	Hort. Berol. 1: 187 (1827)
Eragrostis megastachya f. nana	Lorentz & Niederl.	Exped. Rio Negro, Bot 272 1881
Eragrostis megastachya var. cilianensis	(All.) Asch. & Graebn.	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 371. 1900
Eragrostis megastachya var. compacta	(Regel) Krylov	Fl. Zap. Sibiri 2: 357 1928
Eragrostis megastachya var. thyrsiflora	Willk.	Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 83 (1861)
Eragrostis monodii	A.Camus	Mém. Univ. Alger Inst. Recherch. Sahar. 4: 97 (1958)
Eragrostis multiflora f. violacea	N.Terrac. ex Chiov.	Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 65 1908
Eragrostis multiflora var. cilianensis	(All.) Maire	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 369. 1939
Eragrostis multiflora var. glandulifera	Chiov.	Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8: 370. 1908
Eragrostis multiflora var. insularis	Chiov.	Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 65. 1902
Eragrostis multiflora var. subbiloba	Chiov.	Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 370 1908
Eragrostis oblonga	(Moench) Baumg.	Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 238 1816
Eragrostis pappiana var. insularis	(Chiov.) Mattei	Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 9: 60 1910
Eragrostis pappii	Gand.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 299 (1919 publ. 1920)
Eragrostis polyadenia	Mattei	Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 9: 60 (1910)
Eragrostis polymorpha	Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 575 (1817)
Eragrostis polysperma	Peter	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1 Anh.): 112 (1930)
Eragrostis pooides var. compacta	Regel	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(II): 295. 1869
Eragrostis poaeoides var. megastachya	A.Gray	Manual ed. 2: 563 1856
Eragrostis schweinfurthiana	Jedwabn.	Bot. Arch. 5: 194 (1924)
Eragrostis starosselskyi	Grossh.	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 18 (1923)
Eragrostis thyrsiflora	Willk. & Lange	Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 83 (1861)
Eragrostis triticea	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 564 (1840)
Eragrostis virletii	E.Fourn. & E.Fourn.	Mexic. Pl. 116, descr. 1886
Eragrostis vulgaris	Presl ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. i. 561.
Eragrostis vulgaris subsp. megastachya	(Koeler) Douin	Fl. Ill. France 12: 32. 1934 (1934)
Eragrostis vulgaris var. megastachya	Coss. & Germ.	Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris : 641 (1845)
Erosion cilianense	(All.) Lunell	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 221. 1915 (1915)
Megastachya eragrostis	(L.) Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 575, 584 (1817)
Megastachya leersioides	C.Presl	Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. : 44 (1820)
Megastachya oblonga	P.Beauv.	Ess. Agrostogr. : 74 (1812)
Megastachya obtusa	Schult.	Mant. 2: 326 (1824)
Megastachya purpurascens	Schult.	Mant. 2: 326 (1824)
Megastachya triticea	C.Presl	Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. : 45 (1820)
Poa cachectica	Schumach.	Beskr. Guin. Pl. : 66 (1827)
Poa cilianensis	All.	Fl. Pedem. 2: 246 (1785)
Poa eragrostis	(L.) Brot.	Fl. Lusit. 1: 103 (1804)
Poa flava	Willd. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 563 (1840)
Poa flexuosa	Roxb.	Fl. Ind. 1: 340 (1820)
Poa leersioides	Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 98 (1827)
Poa megastachya	Koeler	Descr. Gramin. : 181 (1802)
Poa nuttallii	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 1: 344 (1824)
Poa oblonga	Baumg.	Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 238 (1816)
Poa obtusa	Nutt.	Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 67 (1818)
Poa pennsylvanica	Nutt.	Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 67 (1818)
Poa philadelphica	W.P.C.Barton	Comp. Fl. Philadelph. 1: 62 (1818)
Poa polymorpha	J.Koenig ex Rottler	Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 194 (1803)
Poa roxburghiana	Schult.	Mant. 2: 315 (1824)
Poa tortuosa	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 1: 345 (1825)
Poa triticea	Kunth	Révis. Gramin. 1: 116 (1829)
Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. thyrsiflora	(Willk.) H.Scholz & Valdés	Willdenowia 36: 664 (2006)
Eragrostis minor var. megastachya	(A.Gray) Jeps.	Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 60. 1901
Eragrostis leersioides var. leersioides	(C.Presl) K.Richt.
Eragrostis leersioides	Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 103. 1843; Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 263.
Eragrostis multiflora var. leersioides	(Guss.) Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 73 1890
Eragrostis multiflora var. triticea	(C.Presl) Richt.	Fl. Eur. 1: 73 1890
Eragrostis pappiana var. insularis	Terracciano ex Chiov.	Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma none given
Poa triticea	(C.Presl) Guss.	Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 98 1827
Briza major	Desv. ex Kunth	Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 371. 1833 [Jul-Aug 1833]
Eragrostis multiglandulosa	H.Scholz	Willdenowia 41: 324 (2011)
Eragrostis eragrostis subvar. leersioides	Farw.	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 306 (1927)
Eragrostis eragrostis var. megastachya	Farw.	Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 182 (1916)
Eragrostis pilosa subsp. triticea	(C.Presl) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 73 (1890)
Eragrostis vulgaris subsp. major	(Beck) Rouy	Fl. France 14: 462 (1913)
Eragrostis pilosa subsp. leersioides	(C.Presl) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 73 (1890)
Briza eragrostis var. megastachya	Gareizo	Synopsis Anal. Fl. Gard : 313 (1847)
Eragrostis cilianensis var. minoroides	P.Monts.	Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 428 (1964)
Eragrostis megastachya var. acutiuscula	Hack.	Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 15: 156 (1909)
Eragrostis pooides var. major	(Host) Neilr.	Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. : 62 (1859)
Eragrostis cilianensis var. leersioides	(C.Presl) Maire	Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 935 (1941)
Eragrostis megastachya var. paucispicula	A.Reyn.	Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 6 (1903)
Eragrostis megastachya var. microstachya	Coss., Germ. & Wedd.	Introd. Fl. Anal. Paris : 142 (1842)
Eragrostis megastachya var. leersioides	(C.Presl) Pant.	Verh. Vereins Natur- Heilk. Presburg , n.f., 2: 15 (1871)
Eragrostis megastachya var. verrucosa	Schltdl.	Linnaea 27: 477 (1852)
Eragrostis major var. conferta	Ten.	Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. : 558 (1831)
Poa megastachya var. minor	Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Prodr. , Suppl.: 21 (1832)
Poa megastachya var. intermedia	Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Prodr. , Suppl.: 21 (1832)
Poa megastachya var. densiflora	Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Prodr. , Suppl.: 21 (1832)
Eragrostis minor var. major	Beck	Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 118 (1890)
Eragrostis minor var. megastycha	(Koeler) Burtt Davy
Eragrostis pooides var. megastachya	(Koeler) A.Gray
Eragrostis megastachya var. densiflora	(Guss.) Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 103 (1843)
Eragrostis megastachya f. thessalonica	Charrel	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 411 (1892)
Eragrostis cilianensis f. leersioides	(C.Presl) Maire	Fl. Afrique N. 2: 175 (1953)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	stinkgrass
English	candy grass
English	gray lovegrass
English	stink grass
English	stink lovegrass
English	stinking eragrostis
Afrikaans	stink-eragrostis
Arabic	أثب مهدب
Czech	milička velkokvětá
Welsh	serchwellt drewllyd
German	großes liebesgras
Finnish	tanakkaröllinurmikka
Latvian	lielvārpu eragroste
Dutch	stinkend liefdegras
Swedish	stort kärleksgräs
Chinese	大畫眉草
Chinese	大画眉草
Chinese	大画眉草花
Chinese	星星草

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

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Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
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- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
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Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
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  - Argentina Northeast
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  - Paraguay
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- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000867548
UNII	251GUD348A
Florida Plant Atlas	200
Flora of Alabama	4791
Canadensys	7627
USDA Plants	ERCI
Tropicos	25520922
INPN	96585
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1104599-2
The Plant List	kew-412374
Open Tree Of Life	527795
Observations.org	117480
NCBI Taxonomy	48734
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000458500
Nature Serve	2.141228
IPNI	1104599-2
iNaturalist	76849
GBIF	2705369
Freebase	/m/03m4ttm
WisFlora	3544
EPPO	ERAME
EOL	1114349
Elurikkus	286953
Calflora (Californian flora)	3029
USDA GRIN	27885
Wikipedia	Eragrostis_cilianensis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Habitat modifies the relationship between grass and herbivore species richness in a South African savanna

Čuda J, Pyšková K, Hejda M, Foxcroft LC, MacFadyen S, Storch D, Tropek R, Zambatis G, Pyšek P

Ecol Evol

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11016939
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11167
PMID:	38623521

Poisonous Plants Seem to Affect Livestock in the Borana, Southern Ethiopia: An Ethnic-Toxicological Approach

Kumbe A, Bekele BH, Onate AB, Hussien B, Teshome D, Kelil S

Vet Med (Auckl)

13-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10874120
doi:	10.2147/VMRR.S437231
PMID:	38371488

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants in Melit area (North Darfur), Western Sudan

Muhakr MA, Ahmed IM, El hassan GO, Yagi S

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

03-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10765873
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00646-9
PMID:	38172804

The dynamics of vegetation diversity and biomass under traditional grazing in Ethiopia's Somali rangeland

Gebremedhn HH, Dejene SW, Tuffa S, Tesfay Y, Mensah S, Devenish AJ

Plant Environ Interact

07-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10711641
doi:	10.1002/pei3.10127
PMID:	38089846

Exploration of the Wild Edible Plants Used for Basic Health Care by Local People of Bahawalpur and Adjacent Regions, Pakistan

Anwar T, Qureshi H, Naeem H, Shahzadi S, Sehar Z, Hassan R

Foods

25-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10573077
doi:	10.3390/foods12193557
PMID:	37835210

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new graminicolous species, Curvularia aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. with new records of Curvularia spp. from Sri Lanka

Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Munasinghe MS, Castlebury LA

Fungal Syst Evol

28-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10918625
doi:	10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11
PMID:	38455951

Fungal Endophytes Enhance Wheat and Tomato Drought Tolerance in Terms of Plant Growth and Biochemical Parameters

Miranda V, Silva-Castro GA, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Fracchia S, García-Romera I

J Fungi (Basel)

21-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10051184
doi:	10.3390/jof9030384
PMID:	36983552

Genome size variation and polyploidy prevalence in the genus Eragrostis are associated with the global dispersal in arid area

Hutang GR, Tong Y, Zhu XG, Gao LZ

Front Plant Sci

13-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10040770
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1066925
PMID:	36993864

Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches

Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF

Plants (Basel)

02-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10005506
doi:	10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:	36904005

Managing spot blotch disease in wheat: Conventional to molecular aspects

Roy C, He X, Gahtyari NC, Mahapatra S, Singh PK

Front Plant Sci

21-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9990093
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1098648
PMID:	36895883

Factors impacting the detection of weed seed contaminants in seed lots

Buddenhagen CE, Hackell D, Henderson HV, Wynne‐Jones B

Pest Manag Sci

11-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC10099985
doi:	10.1002/ps.7257
PMID:	36308732

Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Wild Grass Fodder for Mega Herbivore (Elephas maximus) in the Foothills of Western Ghats

Packialakshmi M, Palani Divya M, Baranidharan K, Geetha S, Nalliappan Ganesan K, Vijayabhama M, Manivasakan S, Hemalatha P, Radha P, Tilak M, Priyanka V, Krishnamoorthi S, Vinothini B, Yuvraj Zende J, Balu Rajput N

Animals (Basel)

04-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9558548
doi:	10.3390/ani12192668
PMID:	36230409

Reinventory of the vascular plants of Mormon Island Crane Meadows after forty years of restoration, invasion, and climate change

Caven AJ, Wiese JD

Heliyon

03-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9192816
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09640
PMID:	35711997

Diversity of Useful Plants in Cabo Verde Islands: A Biogeographic and Conservation Perspective

Duarte MC, Gomes I, Catarino S, Brilhante M, Gomes S, Rendall A, Moreno Â, Fortes AR, Ferreira VS, Baptista I, Dinis H, Romeiras MM

Plants (Basel)

15-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9144021
doi:	10.3390/plants11101313
PMID:	35631738

Peronosporaceae species causing downy mildew diseases of Poaceae, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources

Crouch JA, Davis WJ, Shishkoff N, Castroagudín VL, Martin F, Michelmore R, Thines M

Fungal Syst Evol

08-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9355112
doi:	10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05
PMID:	35978987

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Eragrostis cilianensis

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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