Avenella flexuosa

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64402ecf5689e859903241
Scientific name Avenella flexuosa
Authority (L.) Drejer
First published in Fl. Excurs. Hafn. : 32 (1838)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
No commercial products are consistently derived from Avenella flexuosa. While it is abundant in European grasslands and acidic heathlands, there is no evidence of processed materials (e.g., seed oil, flour, fiber, gum, tannin extracts, essential oil) produced at scale for industrial or culinary markets.

Industrial and craft applications:
Avenella flexuosa is not documented as a source of industrial or craft materials. There are no reports of fiber or extract utilization in papermaking, textiles, binders, dyes, or other value-added products.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
There is no documented culinary use for A. flexuosa. It does not appear in food ingredient lists or processing applications.

Colorants and tanning:
No tannin or dye use is reported. No confirmed colorant class (e.g., flavonoid, anthraquinone) has been identified in commercial practice.

Wood and fiber:
Avenella flexuosa is a perennial grass; it is not a timber species and provides no lumber, wood, or engineered-wood applications. While it could theoretically yield coarse fiber, there are no commercial fiber-processing records or standards.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance, flavor, or cosmetic ingredient from A. flexulosa is documented. There is no essential oil production or use in personal-care formulations.

Properties relevant to use:
No physical or chemical properties relevant to use have been documented. In the absence of compositional data, no property–function relationships can be established.

Standards and regulation:
No food, cosmetic, industrial, or material standards (ISO/ASTM/EN) refer to A. flexuosa. It is not listed in national or regional codes for timber, fibers, colorants, or flavor/fragrance materials.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Avenella flexuosa is common across Europe, but there is no documented harvesting, cultivation, or supply chain for it. No environmental or sustainability data are associated with its use.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Aira alpina Sobol. ex Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 4: 37 (1845)
Aira caryophyllaea Leers Fl. Herborn. , ed. 2: 24 (1789)
Aira euflexuosa Syme Engl. Bot. , ed. 3, 11: 67 (1872)
Aira flammosa Buchoz ex Honck. Syn. Pl. Germ. 1: 521 (1792)
Aira flexilis L. ex Giseke Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. : 147 (1792)
Aira flexuosa L. Sp. Pl. : 65 (1753)
Aira flexuosa f. argentea Fousny & Callard Fl. Verviers 339 1885
Aira flexuosa f. parviflora Tinant Fl. Luxemb. 64. 1836
Aira flexuosa f. violacea Peterm. Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 536. 1846
Aira flexuosa subsp. collina Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. 121. 1824 (1824)
Aira flexuosa var. glomerata Lange Consp. Fl. Groenland. 3: 162. 1880
Aira flexuosa var. montana Brongn. Voy. Monde , Phan.: 23 (1829)
Aira kawakamii Hayata Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 47 (1906)
Aira legei Boreau Bull. Soc. Industr. Angers 1855: 24 (1855)
Aira splendida Willd. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 45 (1840)
Aira versicolor Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 679 (1817)
Aira vestita Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 424 (1854)
Arundo flexuosa [Clairv.] Man. Herbor. Suisse : 16 (1811)
Avena flexuosa Schrank Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 1(2): 7 (1818)
Avena kawakamii Hayata Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 57. 1906 (1906)
Avena montana (L.) F.H.Wigg. Prim. Fl. Holsat. 9. 1780 [29 Mar 1780]
Avena setacea Baumg. ex Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 735 (1866)
Avenella cuprina Schur Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 85 (1853)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. montana (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Acta Horti Gothob. 20: 120, 128. 1956 (1956)
Deschampsia flexuosa f. alpina (Schur) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 120 (1971 publ. 1972)
Deschampsia flexuosa f. argentea (Fousny & Callard) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 120 (1971 publ. 1972)
Deschampsia flexuosa f. legei (Boreau) Honda J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 136 1930
Deschampsia flexuosa f. montana (L.) Hack. Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 702 1899
Deschampsia flexuosa f. pallida Honda J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 136 1930
Deschampsia flexuosa f. parviflora (Tinant) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 120 (1971 publ. 1972)
Deschampsia flexuosa f. violacea (Peterm.) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 120 (1971 publ. 1972)
Deschampsia flexuosa f. viridiflora (Schur) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 120 (1971 publ. 1972)
Deschampsia flexuosa subsp. legei (Boreau) K.Richt. Pl. Eur. 1: 57. 1890 (1890)
Deschampsia flexuosa subsp. montana (L.) K.Richt. Pl. Eur. 1: 57. 1890 (1890)
Deschampsia flexuosa var. brachyphylla Willk. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 66. 1861
Deschampsia flexuosa var. mairei (Sennen) Maire Fl. Afrique N. 2: 235. 1953
Deschampsia flexuosa var. montana (L.) Griseb. Fl. Ross. 4: 420. 1852
Deschampsia fuegina Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 94: 23 (1897)
Deschampsia kawakamii Honda J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 140 (1930)
Deschampsia macloviana Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 28 (1913)
Deschampsia martini Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 94: 24 (1897)
Deschampsia montana Rouy Fl. France 14: 115 (1913)
Deschampsia philippii Macloskie Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, Botany 8: 961 (1906)
Deschampsia tenella Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 94: 25 (1897)
Deschampsia vestita Hauman & Parodi Physis (Buenos Aires) 9: 337 (1929)
Eriachne montana Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 567 (1840)
Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 753 (1866)
Lerchenfeldia flexuosa subsp. montana (L.) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 44 (1970 publ. 1971)
Lerchenfeldia flexuosa var. alpina Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 753 1866
Lerchenfeldia flexuosa var. viridiflora Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 753 1866
Lerchenfeldia montana (L.) A.P.Khokhr. Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. , n.s., 97(6): 98 (1993)
Lerchenfeldia vestita (Steud.) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 54 (1970 publ. 1971)
Panicum rubigerum Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 567 (1840)
Podionapus flexuosus Dulac Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 83 (1867)
Salmasia flexuosa (L.) Bubani Fl. Pyren. 4: 319 (1901)
Aira montana L. Sp. Pl. : 65 (1753)
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 66 (1836)
Avena montana var. adultior Weber Prim. Fl. Holsat. : 9 (1780)
Hierochloe setifolia Hartm. Bot. Not. 1846: 163 (1846
Hierochloe borealis subsp. setifolia (Hartm.) Andersson Pl. Scand. 2: 110 (1862)
Deschampsia flexuosa f. vivipara Hyl. Bot. Not. 1953: 356 (1953)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English aira flexuosa
English deschampsia flexuosa
English hairgrass
English wavy hairgrass
English wavy hair-grass
Spanish deschampsia stricta
Spanish aira flexuosa
Spanish deschampsia flexuosa
Spanish heno
Spanish lerchenfeldia flexuosa
Spanish aira stricta
Spanish heno común
Arabic ديشمبية متعرجة
Belarusian Вострыца звілістая
Bulgarian къдрава плъстица
Catalan canche flexueuse
Czech herba erotica
Czech hříšná tráva
Czech metlice křivolaká
Czech metlička křivolaká
Welsh brigwellt main
Danish bølget bunke
German draht-schmiele
German drahtschmiele
German geschlängelte schmiele
German canche flexueuse
Estonian võnk-kastevars
Finnish metsälauha
Finnish deschampsia flexuosa
French canche flexueuse
French deschampsie flexueuse
Irish móinfhéar
Upper Sorbian lěsna šmica
Hungarian erdei sédbúza
Lithuanian canche flexueuse
Lithuanian lanksčioji šluotsmilgė
Latvian liektā ciņusmilga
Norwegian Bokmål deschampsia flexuosa
Norwegian Bokmål smyle
Norwegian Bokmål smylebunke
Dutch bochtige smele
Dutch deschampsia flexuosa
Norwegian Nynorsk smyle
Polish śmiałek pogięty
Polish deschampsia flexuosa
Russian Овсик извилистый
Russian Лерхенфельдия извилистая
Russian Щучка извилистая
Russian Луговик извилистый
Swedish kruståtel
Swedish canche flexueuse
Swedish fjällkruståtel
Swedish kruståda
Swedish vanlig kruståtel
Ukrainian Авінелла звивиста
Walloon waide des bwès
Chinese 米芒
Chinese 曲芒发草
Chinese 曲芒髮草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Avenella flexuosa subsp. afromontana (C.E.Hubb.) Veldkamp Pl. Diversity Evol. 131: 249 (2015)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. corsica (Tausch) Holub Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 23: 413 (1988)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. flexuosa Unknown
Avenella flexuosa subsp. iberica (Rivas Mart.) Valdés & H.Scholz Willdenowia 36: 662 (2006)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. ligulata (Stapf) Veldkamp Pl. Diversity Evol. 131: 250 (2015)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. maderensis (Hack. & Bornm.) Veldkamp Pl. Diversity Evol. 131: 252 (2015)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. mairei (Sennen) F.Albers ex Veldkamp Pl. Diversity Evol. 131: 252 (2015)
Avenella flexuosa subsp. stricta (Willk. & Lange) Veldkamp Pl. Diversity Evol. 131: 253 (2015)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.
Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Morocco
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Congo
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
  • Antarctica
    • Subantarctic Islands
      • Falkland Islands
      • South Georgia
      • Tristan Da Cunha
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Taiwan
    • Russian Far East
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Magadan
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Nepal
      • West Himalaya
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Philippines
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Føroyar
      • Great Britain
      • Iceland
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Labrador
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Aleutian Islands
      • Greenland
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil West-central
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Chile North
      • Chile South
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000852552
Flora of Alabama 4751
Canadensys 27702
Tropicos 25532699
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:391947-1
NCBI Taxonomy 29672
IPNI 391947-1
iNaturalist 288069
GBIF 4149465
EOL 49299262
USDA GRIN 404477
Canadensys 7536
USDA Plants DEFL
Tropicos 25509491
INPN 85418
The Plant List kew-407693
Plantarium 6197
Missouri Botanical Garden 285198
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002623
Nature Serve 2.158638
IPNI 397973-1
iNaturalist 129779
GBIF 2703179
Freebase /m/04120q3
EPPO DECFL
EOL 1114289
Elurikkus 4287
USDA GRIN 13562
Wikipedia Avenella_flexuosa
Wikipedia Deschampsia_flexuosa
Open Tree Of Life 762960
Observations.org 6686
Freebase /m/04120q3
WisFlora 12856

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
N-fertilization and disturbance exert long-lasting complex legacies on subarctic ecosystems Manninen OH, Myrsky E, Tolvanen A, Stark S Oecologia 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10980618
doi:10.1007/s00442-024-05524-z
PMID:38478083
The Orophilous Shrubby Vegetation of the Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Order in Sicily: A Refuge Habitat for Many Endemic Vascular Species Sciandrello S, Giusso del Galdo G Plants (Basel) 31-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857485
doi:10.3390/plants13030423
PMID:38337957
Vascular plants and mosses as bioindicators of variability of the coastal pine forest (Empetro nigri-Pinetum) Wolski GJ, Sobisz Z, Mitka J, Kruk A, Jukonienė I, Popiela A Sci Rep 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10761821
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50189-y
PMID:38167576
Acclimation of subarctic vegetation to warming and increased cloudiness Ndah FA, Maljanen M, Kasurinen A, Rinnan R, Michelsen A, Kotilainen T, Kivimäenpää M Plant Environ Interact 28-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10840376
doi:10.1002/pei3.10130
PMID:38323130
Floristic–Vegetational Features of Geranium argenteum, an Alpine–Apennine Species at Its Limit of Distribution in the Apennines Ballelli S, Tesei G, Pennesi R, Allegrezza M Life (Basel) 28-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10744573
doi:10.3390/life13122273
PMID:38137874
Accumulation and Translocation of Rare Trace Elements in Plants near the Rare Metal Enterprise in the Subarctic Krasavtseva E, Maksimova V, Slukovskaya M, Ivanova T, Mosendz I, Elizarova I Toxics 02-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10674527
doi:10.3390/toxics11110898
PMID:37999550
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new graminicolous species, Curvularia aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. with new records of Curvularia spp. from Sri Lanka Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Munasinghe MS, Castlebury LA Fungal Syst Evol 28-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10918625
doi:10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11
PMID:38455951
Use climatic space‐for‐time substitutions with care: Not only climate, but also local environment affect performance of the key forest species bilberry along elevation gradient Auestad I, Rydgren K, Halvorsen R, Avdem I, Berge R, Bollingberg I, Lima O Ecol Evol 16-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10432774
doi:10.1002/ece3.10401
PMID:37600486
Lakeshore vegetation: More resilient towards human recreation than we think? Meyer N, Swiatloch A, Dittrich S, von Oheimb G Ecol Evol 08-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10329258
doi:10.1002/ece3.10268
PMID:37424934
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478–1549 Crous PW, Osieck ER, Shivas RG, Tan YP, Bishop-Hurley SL, Esteve-Raventós F, Larsson E, Luangsa-ard JJ, Pancorbo F, Balashov S, Baseia IG, Boekhout T, Chandranayaka S, Cowan DA, Cruz RH, Czachura P, De la Peña-Lastra S, Dovana F, Drury B, Fell J, Flakus A, Fotedar R, Jurjević Ž, Kolecka A, Mack J, Maggs-Kölling G, Mahadevakumar S, Mateos A, Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Plaza M, Overy DP, Piątek M, Sandoval-Denis M, Vauras J, Wingfield MJ, Abell SE, Ahmadpour A, Akulov A, Alavi F, Alavi Z, Altés A, Alvarado P, Anand G, Ashtekar N, Assyov B, Banc-Prandi G, Barbosa KD, Barreto GG, Bellanger JM, Bezerra JL, Bhat DJ, Bilański P, Bose T, Bozok F, Chaves J, Costa-Rezende DH, Danteswari C, Darmostuk V, Delgado G, Denman S, Eichmeier A, Etayo J, Eyssartier G, Faulwetter S, Ganga KG, Ghosta Y, Goh J, Góis JS, Gramaje D, Granit L, Groenewald M, Gulden G, Gusmão LF, Hammerbacher A, Heidarian Z, Hywel-Jones N, Jankowiak R, Kaliyaperumal M, Kaygusuz O, Kezo K, Khonsanit A, Kumar S, Kuo CH, Læssøe T, Latha KP, Loizides M, Luo SM, Maciá-Vicente JG, Manimohan P, Marbach PA, Marinho P, Marney TS, Marques G, Martín MP, Miller AN, Mondello F, Moreno G, Mufeeda KT, Mun HY, Nau T, Nkomo T, Okrasińska A, Oliveira JP, Oliveira RL, Ortiz DA, Pawłowska J, Pérez-De-Gregorio MÀ, Podile AR, Portugal A, Privitera N, Rajeshkumar KC, Rauf I, Rian B, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Rivas-Torres GF, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Romero-Gordillo M, Saar I, Saba M, Santos CD, Sarma PV, Siquier JL, Sleiman S, Spetik M, Sridhar KR, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Szczepańska K, Taşkın H, Tennakoon DS, Thanakitpipattana D, Trovão J, Türkekul İ, van Iperen AL, van ’t Hof P, Vasquez G, Visagie CM, Wingfield BD, Wong PT, Yang WX, Yarar M, Yarden O, Yilmaz N, Zhang N, Zhu YN, Groenewald JZ Persoonia 29-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10983837
doi:10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.05
PMID:38567263
Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even‐aged boreal forests Pérez‐Izquierdo L, Bengtsson J, Clemmensen KE, Granath G, Gundale MJ, Ibáñez TS, Lindahl BD, Strengbom J, Taylor A, Viketoft M, Wardle DA, Nilsson M Ecol Evol 17-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10191780
doi:10.1002/ece3.10086
PMID:37206687
Novel Hyperspectral Analysis of Thin-Layer Chromatographic Plates—An Application to Fingerprinting of 70 Polish Grasses Wróbel-Szkolak J, Cwener A, Komsta Ł Molecules 26-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10179984
doi:10.3390/molecules28093745
PMID:37175155
Leaf Functional Traits in Relation to Species Composition in an Arctic–Alpine Tundra Grassland Hunt L, Lhotáková Z, Neuwirthová E, Klem K, Oravec M, Kupková L, Červená L, Epstein HE, Campbell P, Albrechtová J Plants (Basel) 22-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10005651
doi:10.3390/plants12051001
PMID:36903862
Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatlands Kelly R, Montgomery WI, Reid N Ecol Evol 11-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9919495
doi:10.1002/ece3.9771
PMID:36789349
Long-Term Vegetation Changes and Socioeconomic Effects of River Engineering in Industrialized Areas (Southern Poland) Rahmonov O, Dragan W, Cabała J, Krzysztofik R Int J Environ Res Public Health 27-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9915360
doi:10.3390/ijerph20032255
PMID:36767623

Phytochemical Profile Top

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