Eleocharis geniculata in Genus Eleocharis

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID643ff8c0597dc187872321
Scientific name	Eleocharis geniculata
Authority	(L.) Roem. & Schult.
First published in	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 150 (1817)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Eleocharis geniculata is cultivated and harvested for its seed, which is used as a minor food grain. Mature caryopses are harvested, parched or roasted, and ground into flour, or used whole in porridges and flatbreads. The grain is a specialty or regional staple in parts of South Asia.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Whole or dehulled seeds (kulthi) are eaten roasted or boiled and included in pulse-style preparations; the flour is used in dumplings, flatbreads, and puddings.
- Seeds are also processed as a roasted snack and ground into flour in parts of the Indian subcontinent.
- No alcohol or beverage use is reported.

Colorants and tanning:
No colorants, inks, or tanning uses are documented.

Wood and fiber:
No timber, structural, or bast-fiber use is reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance, cosmetic, or perfumery use is documented.

Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial materials (e.g., fiberboards, pulp, resins, adhesives) or craft applications are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Nutritional composition of seeds typically includes protein and carbohydrates; however, documented compositional data for E. geniculata are not available. The small, hard seed is suitable for dry storage and milling, enabling flour production and roasted uses.

Standards and regulation:
No established standards or regulatory frameworks specific to this species as a food are documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The plant occurs widely in seasonally wet habitats and is harvested from both cultivated and natural stands. Seed yields per plant are modest due to small grain size, implying that wild collection could have local pressure where demand is high. Cultivation could reduce wild harvest pressure; agronomic details for yield optimization are not well documented.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Bulbostylis capitata	(L.) Steven	Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 355 (1817)
Bulbostylis geniculata	Steven	Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 355 (1817)
Chlorocharis capitata	(L.) Rikli in Pringsh.	Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 27: 564 (1895)
Chlorocharis geniculata	(L.) Rikli in Pringsh.	Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 27: 564 (1895)
Cyperus capitatus	(L.) Burm.f. ex B.D.Jacks.	Index Kew. 1: 691. 1893 (1893)
Eleocharis brizantha	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 79 (1854)
Eleocharis capitata	(L.) R.Br.	Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 225. 1810 [27 Mar 1810]
Eleocharis caribaea	(Rottb.) S.F.Blake	Rhodora 20: 24 (1918)
Eleocharis caribaea var. achlamydea	Zavaro & Pabón	Fontqueria 42: 269 (1995).
Eleocharis caribaea var. dispar	(E.J.Hill) S.F.Blake	Rhodora 20: 24 (1918)
Eleocharis densesquamata	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 82 (1855)
Eleocharis dispar	E.J.Hill	Bot. Gaz. 7: 3 (1882)
Eleocharis geniculata f. brunnea	S.González & Reznicek	Novon 6: 361 (1996)
Eleocharis melanosperma	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 78 (1854)
Eleocharis mexicana	Peyr.	Linnaea 30: 14 (1859)
Eleocharis riparia	Nees ex Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 4(2): 27 (1827)
Eleocharis setacea	R.Br.	Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 225 (1810)
Eleocharis singularis	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 81 (1855)
Eleocharis sintenisii	Boeckeler	Beitr. Cyper. 1: 16 (1888)
Eleocharis valida	Boeckeler	Flora 65: 350 (1882)
Eleogenus capitatus	Nees	Contr. Bot. India : 112 (1834)
Limnochloa constricta	Nees	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 99 (1842)
Limnochloa densa	Liebm.	Mexic. Halvgr. : 244 (1850)
Limnochloa geniculata	Nees	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 99 (1842)
Megadenus capitatus	Raf.	Neogenyton : 4 (1825)
Scirpus atrofactus	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 317 (1855)
Scirpus brownii	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 1: 204 (1824)
Scirpus capitatus	L.	Sp. Pl. : 48 (1753)
Scirpus caribaeus	Rottb.	Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. : 46 (1773)
Scirpus constrictus	Schrad. ex Kunth	Enum. Pl. 2: 153 (1837)
Scirpus depressus	Vell.	Fl. Flumin. 1: 35, t. 83 (1829)
Scirpus geniculatus	L.	Sp. Pl. : 48 (1753)
Scirpus interstinctus	Poepp. ex C.Presl	Isis (Oken) 21: 269 (1828)
Scirpus repens	Willd. ex Schult.	Mant. 2: 84, in obs. 1824 [Jan-Apr 1824]
Scirpus validus	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 758. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]
Trichophyllum capitatum	(L.) House	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 204 (1920)
Eleocharis capitata var. dispar	(E.J.Hill) Fernald	Rhodora 8: 129 (1906)
Eleocharis geniculata var. minor	Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 150 (1817)
Eleogenus capitatus var. major	Nees	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 101 (1842)
Eleogenus capitatus var. minor	Nees	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 101 (1842)
Scirpus geniculatus var. minor	Vahl	Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 251. 1805
Eleogenus capitatus var. intermedius	Nees	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 101. 1842
Eleogenus capitatus var. recurvus	Nees	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 102. 1842
Scirpus constrictus	(Nees) Griseb.	Pl. Wright. 2: 535 1862
Eleocharis capitata	Miq.
Eleocharis capitata var. typica	Svenson	Rhodora 34: 199 (1932)
Eleogenus capitatus	(L.) Nees ex Mart.	Fl. Bras. 2(1): 1842
Eleocharis kirkii	C.B.Clarke	Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 410 (1902)
Eleocharis caribaea var. stokesii	F.Br.	Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 84: 106 (1931)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	canada spikesedge
English	spike rush
English	knoblike spikesedge
Thai	หญ้าเปลือกกระเทียมหัวแมลงวัน
Chinese	彎形藺
Chinese	黑籽荸荠
Chinese	弯形蔺

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Socotra
  - Somalia
- Northern Africa
  - Egypt
  - Libya
- South Tropical Africa
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Cape Provinces
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Congo
  - Equatorial Guinea
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- China
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
- Eastern Asia
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Cocos (keeling) Islands
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Maluku
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia

Europe click to expand
- Southeastern Europe
  - Greece
  - Sicilia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Sardegna

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Nebraska
  - Oklahoma
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Indiana
  - Michigan
  - New Jersey
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Louisiana
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Nevada

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Society Islands
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Samoa
  - Tokelau-manihiki
  - Tonga
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Aruba
  - Bahamas
  - Bermuda
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Central American Pacific
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000404186
Tropicos	100184578
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306876-1
The Plant List	kew-242560
Open Tree Of Life	3960657
IPNI	306876-1
GBIF	2717369
EOL	1120229
Florida Plant Atlas	916
Flora of Alabama	4091
Canadensys	5242
USDA Plants	ELGE
Tropicos	9900349
INPN	446192
Flora of Italy	10346
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1029981-2
The Plant List	kew-242508
Open Tree Of Life	388343
Observations.org	126142
NCBI Taxonomy	110288
Nature Serve	2.131214
IUCN Red List	164219
IPNI	1029981-2
iNaturalist	76778
GBIF	2716850
Freebase	/m/03hmfyl
EPPO	ELOGE
EOL	1120247
Calflora (Californian flora)	2910
USDA GRIN	402820
Wikipedia	Eleocharis_geniculata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Effects of Florivory on Floral Visitors and Reproductive Success of Sagittaria lancifolia (Alismataceae) in a Mexican Wetland

Rodríguez-Morales D, Aguirre-Jaimes A, García-Franco JG

Plants (Basel)

17-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10893147
doi:	10.3390/plants13040547
PMID:	38498564

Alien and Potentially Invasive Plants in Four Lagoons on the Island of Cozumel, Mexico

Castillo-Campos G, García-Franco JG, Martínez ML, Pale-Pale JJ

Plants (Basel)

08-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10180815
doi:	10.3390/plants12091918
PMID:	37176976

Large variation in availability of Maya food plant sources during ancient droughts

Fedick SL, Santiago LS

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

27-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8740729
doi:	10.1073/pnas.2115657118
PMID:	34969847

Vegetation Analysis and Environmental Relationships of Riverain Plants in the Aswan Reservoir, Egypt

Abbas AM, Ayed FA, Sheded MG, Alrumman SA, Radwan TA, Badry MO

Plants (Basel)

10-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8707900
doi:	10.3390/plants10122712
PMID:	34961183

Status and consolidated list of threatened medicinal plants of India

Gowthami R, Sharma N, Pandey R, Agrawal A

Genet Resour Crop Evol

25-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8148398
doi:	10.1007/s10722-021-01199-0
PMID:	34054223

Influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca Graham on the plant seed bank in various locations in Taif region, western of Saudi Arabia

Alharthi AS, Abd-ElGawad AM, Assaeed AM

Saudi J Biol Sci

15-Oct-2020

PMCID:	PMC7785435
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.014
PMID:	33424318

Resource partitioning among stranded aquatic mammals from Amazon and Northeastern coast of Brazil revealed through Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

Costa AF, Botta S, Siciliano S, Giarrizzo T

Sci Rep

30-Jul-2020

PMCID:	PMC7393136
doi:	10.1038/s41598-020-69516-8
PMID:	32732987

Early tropical crop production in marginal subtropical and temperate Polynesia

Prebble M, Anderson AJ, Augustinus P, Emmitt J, Fallon SJ, Furey LL, Holdaway SJ, Jorgensen A, Ladefoged TN, Matthews PJ, Meyer JY, Phillipps R, Wallace R, Porch N

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

08-Apr-2019

PMCID:	PMC6500154
doi:	10.1073/pnas.1821732116
PMID:	30962379

Analysis of retrotransposon abundance, diversity and distribution in holocentric Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) genomes

de Souza TB, Chaluvadi SR, Johnen L, Marques A, González-Elizondo MS, Bennetzen JL, Vanzela AL

Ann Bot

04-May-2018

PMCID:	PMC6070107
doi:	10.1093/aob/mcy066
PMID:	30084890

Condensation patterns of prophase/prometaphase chromosome are correlated with H4K5 histone acetylation and genomic DNA contents in plants

Feitoza L, Costa L, Guerra M

PLoS One

30-Aug-2017

PMCID:	PMC5576753
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0183341
PMID:	28854212

Shade treatment affects structure and recovery of invasive C4 African grass Echinochloa pyramidalis

López Rosas H, Moreno-Casasola P, Espejel González VE

Ecol Evol

01-Mar-2015

PMCID:	PMC4377275
doi:	10.1002/ece3.1434
PMID:	25859337

Checklist of vascular plants of the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay

Egea JD, Peña-Chocarro M, Espada C, Knapp S

PhytoKeys

30-Jan-2012

PMCID:	PMC3281576
doi:	10.3897/phytokeys.9.2279
PMID:	22371688

Preventing Establishment: An Inventory of Introduced Plants in Puerto Villamil, Isabela Island, Galapagos

Guézou A, Pozo P, Buddenhagen C

PLoS One

17-Oct-2007

PMCID:	PMC2002516
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0001042
PMID:	17940606

Flavonoids in leaves and inflorescences of australian cyperaceae

Jeffrey B. Harborne, Christine A. Williams, Karen L. Wilson

Elsevier BV

25-Jul-2002

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84889-X

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84889-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 5-O-methylated flavonoids
Luteolin 5-methyl ether	13964550	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84889-X

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Eleocharis geniculata

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top