Aristotelia chilensis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400ab8dad55518447012 |
| Scientific name | Aristotelia chilensis |
| Authority | Stuntz |
| First published in | U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Invent. Seeds 31: 85 (1914) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Among Mapuche communities of southern Chile, preparations from Aristotelia chilensis emphasize both leaf and berry decoctions. Leaf infusions or decoctions are traditionally taken for gastrointestinal upset and fever (Montes, 1983; Vernaz, 1990; Köhler and Villagrán, 1997). Chiaria and colleagues report that cold or fever has been treated in Mapuche practice with a decoction of the berries (2020). Traditional use of a mild leaf tea as a tonic and a topical poultice of crushed leaves or macerated berry pulp for skin inflammation is also documented in the Andean/Patagonian region (Hollands et al., 2019). In southern Chile, leaf and occasionally stem infusions have served as diuretic and anti-inflammatory drinks, while poultices are applied to sore or inflamed areas (Montes, 1983).
Practical recipes and safety
For a mild Mapuche-style leaf tea, steep 3–5 grams of dried Maqui leaves in 250–300 mL of near‑boiling water for 10–15 minutes, strain, and drink 1–2 cups per day. If the aim is a fever or diarrheic remedy, a decoction is traditional: boil 10 grams of dried leaves in 500 mL of water for 10 minutes, cool, and drink 1 cup as needed (Hollands et al., 2019). If making a tincture, macerate 50 grams of dried berries or leaves in 250 mL of 45% ethanol for 2–4 weeks, shake daily, then press and filter; a standard dose is 1–2 mL diluted in water 1–3 times daily. Use only small amounts in early pregnancy and avoid during lactation unless advised by a clinician; children should use only under professional guidance (Hollands et al., 2019).
Active constituents
The species is rich in anthocyanins—primarily delphinidin‑3,5‑O‑diglucoside—alongside quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin glycosides, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and the stilbene piceatannol, which together underpin antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and analgesic actions seen in both traditional uses and modern research (Chiaria et al., 2020; Di Lorenzo et al., 2016).
Modern relevance
Maqui berries and leaf extracts are widely studied for metabolic, anti‑inflammatory, and analgesic effects and are commercially available as freeze‑dried powders and standardized extracts, while traditional leaf infusions and decoctions remain in local practice (Chiaria et al., 2020; Di Lorenzo et al., 2016; Montes, 1983).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Fresh fruit is eaten raw or dried; the fruit is processed into powders, syrups, jams, jellies and frozen preparations for use in food manufacturing.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Anthocyanin‑rich extracts are obtained from the fruit for use as natural red‑violet food colourants (E163) in beverages, confectionery and processed foods; the same extracts are employed to dye wool and silk fabrics for textile coloration.
Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- The fruit and its processed products are incorporated into non‑alcoholic drinks such as juice, smoothies and energy drinks, and into alcoholic beverages such as wines, fruit liqueurs and craft cocktails; fruit pulp is added to yogurts, ice‑cream, confectionery and bakery fillings.
Colorants and tanning:
- The fruit’s anthocyanins (delphinidin‑3‑glucoside and cyanidin‑3‑glucoside) are standardized as natural colourants for food and textile dyeing; preliminary studies have evaluated bark tannins for leather tanning, though commercial use remains limited.
Wood and fiber:
- (None)
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Volatile aroma compounds from the fruit are employed in fragrance blends; seed oil, rich in linoleic acid (≈55 %), is used in cosmetic formulations for skin‑care and emulsified products.
Properties relevant to use:
- Anthocyanin concentration ≈200 mg 100 g⁻¹ fresh weight, providing high colour intensity and good stability at low pH; sugar content ≈15–18 °Brix suitable for fermentation; seed oil has a low iodine value (≈110 g I₂ 100 g⁻¹) indicating good oxidative stability.
Standards and regulation:
- Anthocyanin extracts are listed as food colourants under Codex Alimentarius (E163) and regulated by Chile’s food additive decree (Decreto Supremo N° 86/2007); cosmetic use of seed oil must comply with EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for purity and safety.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Wild populations in the temperate rainforests of southern Chile and adjacent Argentine Patagonia are the primary source; commercial harvest is being shifted toward cultivated plantations to reduce pressure on natural stands; INIA provides guidelines for sustainable harvesting and post‑harvest handling.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aristotelia glabra | Miers | Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. , ser. 4, 2: 44 (1868) |
| Aristotelia glandulosa | Ruiz & Pav. | Syst. Veg. 125. |
| Aristotelia lucida | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 345 (1796) |
| Aristotelia macqui | L'Hér. | Stirp. Nov. : 31 (1786) |
| Aristotelia macqui var. alpestris | Reiche | Anales Univ. Chile 100: 539 1898 |
| Aristotelia maqui var. andina | Phil. | Linnaea 33(1): 31. 1864 [May 1864] |
| Aristotelia macqui var. leucocarpa | Dimitri | Colecc. Ci. Inst. Nac. Tecnol. Agropecu 10: 221 1972 |
| Beaumaria macqui | Deless. ex Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. i. 192 (1840). |
| Aristotelia macqui var. brachystyla | Kurz. |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | maquei |
| Spanish | cornus chilensis |
| Spanish | queldron |
| Spanish | queldrón |
| Hebrew | תות יין צ'יליאני |
| Korean | 아리스토텔리아 킬렌시스 |
| Thai | มากี้เบอร์รี่ |
| Chinese | 酒果 |
| Chinese | 馬基果 |
| Chinese | 玛基果 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Argentina South
- Chile Central
- Chile South
- Juan Fernández Islands
-
Southern South America
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000548488 |
| UNII | PSW0238Q5L |
| USDA Plants | ARCH17 |
| Tropicos | 11700096 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:19666-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2652039 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 126270 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 138855 |
| IPNI | 19666-2 |
| iNaturalist | 181593 |
| GBIF | 5651082 |
| Freebase | /m/07k5c3c |
| EPPO | AITCH |
| EOL | 5427657 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 8551 |
| USDA GRIN | 4201 |
| Wikipedia | Aristotelia_chilensis |
| PFAF | Aristotelia chilensis |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_008921755.1 | MAQUI01 | Scaffold | INIA | 2019-10-08 | 30 | 91.89 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles | |||||
| (4,4-Dimethyl-8-methylene-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-en-2-yl)(1H-indol-3-yl)methanone | 369151 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85469-V |
| [(1S,5S)-4,4-dimethyl-8-methylidene-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-en-2-yl]-(1H-indol-3-yl)methanone | 15816299 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C(C2)C(=N1)C(=O)C3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)C | 306.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85469-V |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles | |||||
| Hobartine | 14636497 | Click to see | 294.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines | |||||
| [(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-[(1R,5R)-4,4,8-trimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,7-dien-2-yl]methanone | 162849310 | Click to see | 308.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85469-V |
| 2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl-(4,4,8-trimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,7-dien-2-yl)methanone | 162849309 | Click to see | 308.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85469-V |
| Aristotelone | 323715 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2)C(N1)CC34C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5N4)C)C | 310.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88987-6 https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.35.3.215.13297 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 |
| Rdojzoukvjesiv-qacnyomvsa- | 11023321 | Click to see | 310.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 |
| Rdojzoukvjesiv-vslccporsa- | 11056019 | Click to see | 310.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88987-6 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyrroloindoles | |||||
| (1S,2R,4R,12S,15S,18R)-14,14,18-trimethyl-5,13-diazahexacyclo[13.3.1.02,13.04,12.04,18.06,11]nonadeca-6,8,10-trien-16-one | 25085910 | Click to see | 308.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.35.3.215.13297 https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 |
| 14,14,18-Trimethyl-5,13-diazahexacyclo[13.3.1.02,13.04,12.04,18.06,11]nonadeca-6,8,10-trien-16-one | 5925099 | Click to see | 308.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolidines | |||||
| (1R,10R,12R,15S,17S,19R)-1,14,14-trimethyl-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.2.2.02,10.04,9.012,17]nonadeca-2,4,6,8-tetraene-10,19-diol | 101600056 | Click to see | 326.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 |
| 1,14,14-Trimethyl-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.2.2.02,10.04,9.012,17]nonadeca-2,4,6,8-tetraen-10-ol | 73098733 | Click to see | 310.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.35.3.215.13297 |
| Aristotelinine | 430968 | Click to see CC1(C2CC3C(N1)CC4(C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3(CC2O)C)O)C | 326.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Pyrroloquinolines | |||||
| (1R,12R,15S,17S)-1,14,14-trimethyl-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.2.2.02,10.04,9.012,17]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene | 11098414 | Click to see | 294.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88987-6 |
| (1R,12S,15S,17S)-1,14,14-trimethyl-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.2.2.02,10.04,9.012,17]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-11-one | 11130638 | Click to see | 308.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85469-V https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.35.3.215.13297 https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 |
| (1R,15S,17S)-1,14,14-trimethyl-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.2.2.02,10.04,9.012,17]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8,12-pentaen-11-one | 10957747 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 |
| Aristoteline | 323714 | Click to see | 294.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.35.3.215.13297 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88987-6 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19800002842 https://doi.org/10.2307/4119066 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Scopoletin | 5280460 | Click to see | 192.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85383-3 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |