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Rourea minor

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff8ad091cc367151717
Scientific name Rourea minor
Authority (Gaertn.) Alston
First published in Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 67 (1931)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Bast fibers from the stems are processed into rope, twine, and traditional basketry items.
- The wood of mature stems provides a light‑density timber used for tool handles, small construction, and interior trim.
- Bark is harvested and dried, then extracted to obtain a tannin‑rich material for leather tanning.

Industrial and craft applications:
- The bast fibers are twisted into cordage for fishing nets, agricultural tie‑downs, and basket making.
- Aqueous or alkaline bark extracts are added to leather tanning vats as a natural vegetable tannin source.
- Sawn timber is employed in light carpentry for furniture panels, frames, and interior trim.
- The bark’s tannin solution can be applied as a natural brown dye for protein fibers such as wool.

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark tannins act as vegetable tanning agents, giving leather a brown color and improving water resistance.
- The same extracts, when applied to protein fibers, produce a natural brown dye with moderate lightfastness.
- They are compatible with traditional leather tanning recipes and can replace other tannin sources.

Wood and fiber:
- Stems yield a bast fiber high in cellulose relative to lignin, providing high tensile strength for rope and cordage.
- The wood has a moderate density (approximately 0.45–0.55 g cm⁻³) and low shrinkage, suitable for tool handles, small construction, and interior trim.
- Bark provides a fibrous component used in simple basketry or as a filler in composite panels.

Properties relevant to use:
- The bast fiber contains a high proportion of cellulose compared with lignin, a composition that gives the material its tensile strength for rope applications.
- The bark yields water‑soluble tannins that are effective as vegetable tanning agents for leather.
- Wood density and low shrinkage values indicate dimensional stability appropriate for light‑duty timber uses.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Rourea minor occurs in secondary forests of West and Central Africa; harvesting is selective, removing mature stems and bark to allow regrowth.
- The IUCN lists the species as Least Concern, indicating current exploitation does not threaten populations.
- Local guidelines recommend limiting bark extraction to sustainable yields and promoting cultivation to reduce pressure on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Omphalobium obliquum C.Presl Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. , ser. 5, 6: 207 (1851)
Omphalobium pictum Blanco Fl. Filip., ed. 2 : 271 (1845)
Rourea afzelii Planch. Linnaea 23: 418 (1850)
Rourea erecta (Blanco) Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 125 (1909)
Rourea commutata Planch. Linnaea 23: 420 (1850)
Rourea chiliantha Gilg Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 212 (1896)
Rourea volubilis Merr. Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 27: 36 (1905)
Rourea splendida Gilg Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 321 (1891)
Rourea florida Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 206 (1861)
Rourea striata De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. , sér. 5, 3: 94 (1909)
Rourea subvolubilis Elmer Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2600 (1915)
Rourea humilis Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 262 (1851)
Rourea javanica Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 262 (1851)
Rourea imbricata Elmer Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2597 (1915)
Rourea gudjuana Gilg Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 323 (1891)
Rourea sookurthoontee Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. : 265 (1845)
Rourea microcarpa Elmer Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2599 (1915)
Rourea millettii Planch. Linnaea 23: 420 (1850)
Rourea multiflora Planch. Linnaea 23: 418 (1850)
Tali minor (Gaertn.) M.R.Almeida Fl. Maharashtra 1: 283 (1996)
Santaloides gossweileri Exell & Mendonça Bol. Soc. Brot. , sér. 2, 26: 233 (1952)
Santaloides siamense G.Schellenb. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 376 (1927)
Santaloides splendida G.Schellenb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 455 (1919)
Santaloides sumatrensis G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 132 (1938)
Santaloides vitiensis G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 135 (1938)
Santaloides celebica G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 130 (1938)
Santaloides elmeri G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 289 (1938)
Santaloides discolor G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 136 (1938)
Santalodes acuminatum (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santaloides afzelii G.Schellenb. Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 50: 53 (1910)
Santaloides cordata G.Schellenb. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 131: 29 (1924)
Santaloides beccarii G.Schellenb. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 131: 30 (1924)
Santaloides pierreana G.Schellenb. Candollea 2: 93 (1925)
Santaloides gudjuana G.Schellenb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 454 (1919)
Santalodes heterophylla Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santalodes multiflora Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Sarcotheca varians (Craib) R.Knuth Pflanzenr. , IV, 130: 425 (1930)
Sarcotheca paniculata Ridl. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 3: 282 (1893)
Aegiceras minus Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 216 (1788)
Cnestis acuminata Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] n. 8533. 1848 [5 Aug 1848]
Cnestis erecta Blanco Fl. Filip. : 387 (1837)
Cnestis florida Jack Malayan Misc. 2(7): 43 (1822)
Cnestis glabra Blanco Fl. Filip. : 387 (1837)
Cnestis monadelpha DC. Prodr. 2: 87 (1825)
Connaropsis varians Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 158 (1926)
Connarus javanicus Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1166 (1826)
Connarus obliquus C.Presl Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 844 (1852)
Connarus roxburghii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. : 179 (1833)
Connarus santaloides Vahl Symb. Bot. 3: 87 (1794)
Santaloides erecta G.Schellenb. Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 50: 52 (1910)
Rourea acropetala Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 379D (1898)
Santalodes monadelpha Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Cnestis monodelpha Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 34 1811
Santaloides samoense (Lauterb.) G.Schellenb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 180 (1923)
Rourea samoensis Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 226 (1908)
Rourea pulchella Planch. Linnaea 23: 419 (1850)
Rourea anomala King J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 11 (1897)
Rourea simplicifolia Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 263 (1851)
Rourea rubella Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 379F (1898)
Rourea acuminata Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 2: 48 (1876)
Rourea luzoniensis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 14: 404 (1919)
Rourea bamangensis De Wild. & T.Durand Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique , Compt. Rend. 38: 82 (1899)
Santaloides papuana G.Schellenb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 179 (1923)
Santalodes florida Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santalodes pulchella Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santaloides acropetala (Pierre) G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 127 (1938)
Santaloides anomala G.Schellenb. Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 50: 50 (1910)
Santalodes simplicifolia Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santaloides rubella G.Schellenb. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 376 (1927)
Santaloides luzoniensis (Merr.) G.Schellenb. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 131: 30 (1924)
Santaloides bamangensis G.Schellenb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 455 (1919)
Santaloides desmos Guillaumin Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. , sér. 2, 9: 285 (1937)
Rourea platysepala Baker J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 336 (1884)
Santaloides platysepala G.Schellenb. Pflanzenareale 2: 6 (1928)
Santaloides urophylla G.Schellenb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 454 (1919)
Santaloides minor (Gaertn.) G.Schellenb. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 131: 28 (1924)
Rourea santaloides Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 144 (1834)
Santalodes roxburghii Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santalodes acuminata Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santalodes hermanniana Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Pterotum procumbens Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 293 (1790)
Connarus monocarpus Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 143 (1834)
Santaloides splendidum (Gilg) Schellenb. ex Engl. Veg. Erde 3(1): 327 1915
Santaloides minor subsp. monadelpha (DC.) Y.M.Shui Seed Pl. Honghe : 281 (2003)
Santaloides vieillardii G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 125 (1938)
Santalodes humile (Blume) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Santaloides florida (Jack) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 155 (1891)
Rourea minor subsp. monadelpha (DC.) J.E.Vidal Fl. Camb., Laos & Vietn. (1962)
Rourea santaloides var. mekongensis Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5: t. 379B (1895)
Rourea humilis f. pulchella Backer Schoolfl. Java : 287 (1911)
Santaloides microphylla var. grandifoliolata G.Schellenb. Pflanzenr. , IV, 127: 130 (1938)
Rourea unifoliolata Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 8: 372 (1913)
Rourea heterophylla Planch. Linnaea 23: 419 (1850)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Malayalam ചെറിയ മറികുന്നി
Chinese 红叶藤
Chinese 紅葉藤

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Zambia
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
    • Eastern Asia
      • Taiwan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea
      • Solomon Islands
  • Pacific
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji
      • New Caledonia
      • Niue
      • Samoa
      • Tonga
      • Vanuatu
      • Wallis-Futuna Islands

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000403186
Tropicos 8400330
INPN 673690
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:264810-1
The Plant List kew-2423622
Open Tree Of Life 676063
NCBI Taxonomy 85261
IPNI 264810-1
iNaturalist 426570
GBIF 7326604
EPPO ROUMI
Wikipedia Rourea_minor

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Climbing strategies of Taiwan climbers Chen PH, Chung AC, Lin HC, Yang SZ Bot Stud 22-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10516820
doi:10.1186/s40529-023-00399-4
PMID:37736799
Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF Plants (Basel) 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005506
doi:10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:36904005
Stem cambial variants of Taiwan lianas Yang SZ, Chen PH, Chen JJ Bot Stud 24-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9509506
doi:10.1186/s40529-022-00358-5
PMID:36153445
Bioactive small-molecule constituents of Lao plants Ren Y, Elkington BG, Henkin JM, Sydara K, Kinghorn AD, Soejarto DD J Med Plant Res 31-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8849567
doi:10.5897/jmpr2021.7137
PMID:35178192
In Vitro Selective Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Cambodian and Philippine Plants Used in Folk Medicine for Diarrhea Treatment Kudera T, Fiserova B, Korytakova M, Doskocil I, Salmonova H, Tulin EE, Nguon S, Bande MM, Kokoska L Front Pharmacol 26-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8661004
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.746808
PMID:34899301
Recent Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Determination of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceutical Formulations Gackowski M, Przybylska A, Kruszewski S, Koba M, Mądra-Gackowska K, Bogacz A Molecules 07-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8307982
doi:10.3390/molecules26144141
PMID:34299418
Characterization of carotenoids and phenolics during fruit ripening of Chinese raspberry (Rubus chingii Hu) Li X, Sun J, Chen Z, Jiang J, Jackson A RSC Adv 15-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8695867
doi:10.1039/d0ra10373j
PMID:35423599
Ethnobotanical study and phytochemical profiling of Heptapleurum hypoleucum leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activities against diarrhea-causing bacteria Rakib-Uz-Zaman SM, Iqbal A, Mowna SA, Khanom MG, Al Amin MM, Khan K J Genet Eng Biotechnol 15-Jun-2020
PMCID:PMC7293974
doi:10.1186/s43141-020-00030-0
PMID:32537731
Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites Pan WH, Xu XY, Shi N, Tsang SW, Zhang HJ Int J Mol Sci 06-May-2018
PMCID:PMC5983777
doi:10.3390/ijms19051382
PMID:29734792
Revisiting the linkage between ethnomedical use and development of new medicines: A novel plant collection strategy towards the discovery of anticancer agents Henkin JM, Sydara K, Xayvue M, Souliya O, Kinghorn AD, Burdette JE, Chen WL, Elkington BG, Soejarto DD 25-Oct-2017
PMCID:PMC5686776
doi:10.5897/jmpr2017.6485
PMID:29152156
Discovery of Bioactive Compounds by the UIC-ICBG Drug Discovery Program in the 18 Years Since 1998 Zhang HJ, Li WF, Fong HH, Soejarto DD Molecules 31-Oct-2016
PMCID:PMC6273581
doi:10.3390/molecules21111448
PMID:27809237
Ethnobotanical approach versus random approach in the search for new bioactive compounds: Support of a hypothesis Gyllenhaal C, Kadushin MR, Southavong B, Sydara K, Bouamanivong S, Xaiveu M, Xuan LT, Hiep NT, Hung NV, Loc PK, Dac LX, Bich TQ, Cuong NM, Ly HM, Zhang HJ, Franzblau SG, Xie H, Riley MC, Elkington BG, Nguyen HT, Waller DP, Ma CY, Tamez P, Tan GT, Pezzuto JM, Soejarto DD Pharm Biol 01-Jan-2012
PMCID:PMC3533514
doi:10.3109/13880209.2011.634424
PMID:22196581
An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants of Laos toward the discovery of bioactive compounds as potential candidates for pharmaceutical development Soejarto DD, Gyllenhaal C, Kadushin MR, Southavong B, Sydara K, Bouamanivong S, Xaiveu M, Zhang HJ, Franzblau SG, Tan GT, Pezzuto JM, Riley MC, Elkington BG, Waller DP Pharm Biol 02-Dec-2011
PMCID:PMC3534868
doi:10.3109/13880209.2011.619700
PMID:22136442
Analysis of additivity and synergism in the anti-plasmodial effect of purified compounds from plant extracts Deharo E, Ginsburg H Malar J 15-Mar-2011
PMCID:PMC3059463
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-S1-S5
PMID:21411016
The complete nucleotide sequence of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) chloroplast genome and the evolution of atpF in Malpighiales: RNA editing and multiple losses of a group II intron Daniell H, Wurdack KJ, Kanagaraj A, Lee SB, Saski C, Jansen RK Theor Appl Genet 24-Jan-2008
PMCID:PMC2587239
doi:10.1007/s00122-007-0706-y
PMID:18214421

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
2-[3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 73236023 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC(CO)C(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC)CCCO 570.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
Rourinoside 16081696 Click to see 570.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
9,12,13-Trihydroxyoctadeca-10-enoic acid 153001 Click to see 330.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
Pinellic acid 9858729 Click to see 330.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl] 26-hydroxyhexacosanoate 86310745 Click to see C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O)CCCCCCCCCCCCO 486.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 26-hydroxyhexacosanoate 10672593 Click to see 486.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Glycosylglycerols / Glycosyldiacylglycerols
[(2R)-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] icosanoate 163031704 Click to see 786.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
[1-[6-(Aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] icosanoate 73226237 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CN)O)O)O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 786.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Sphingolipids / Glycosphingolipids
Glucosylceramide (plant) 73156994 Click to see 714.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Sphingolipids / Glycosphingolipids / Simple glycosylceramides / Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines
Soyacerebroside II 15599558 Click to see 714.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside 296119 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / C-glycosyl compounds
[1-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] icosanoate 101402537 Click to see 770.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.04.012

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