Sida rhombifolia
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440051e48591571406450 |
| Scientific name | Sida rhombifolia |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 684 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Bast fiber from the stems, commonly marketed as “Sida fiber” for rope, twine, matting, and other cordage.
- Pulped fiber used in the production of paper and cardboard.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Rope and twine: the strong, flexible bast fiber is harvested, retted, and spun into cordage for domestic and agricultural use, especially in rural communities in West and East Africa.
- Woven mats and basketry: fibers are woven directly or after light bleaching to produce durable mats.
- Paper pulp: chemical or mechanical pulping of the stem material yields a high‑quality pulp suitable for kraft paper, corrugated board, and specialty papers.
- Small‑scale fiberboard: the pulp can be combined with natural binders to produce lightweight composite panels for indoor use.
Wood and fiber:
- Although not a woody tree, the mature stems provide a herbaceous bast fiber similar to that of jute or kenaf. The fiber is extracted by retting, beating, and cleaning, yielding long, relatively straight fibers suitable for both textile and non‑textile applications.
Properties relevant to use:
- Chemical composition: reported analyses show cellulose at roughly 60–70 % of dry weight and lignin at 8–12 %, indicating a low lignin‑to‑cellulose ratio that eases pulping and enhances fiber strength.
- Fiber morphology: individual fibers typically 1–3 mm long, with high aspect ratios that contribute to tensile strength and flexibility.
- Mechanical performance: the fiber exhibits good tensile strength and resistance to moisture, making it suitable for rope and twine.
- Low extractives: minimal amounts of extractable sugars and oils reduce the need for extensive cleaning before pulping.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Sida rhombifolia is a widespread tropical and subtropical weed that thrives on marginal and disturbed lands, allowing harvest without dedicated cultivation.
- Its rapid growth and ability to re‑grow after cutting support a renewable, low‑input fiber supply.
- Because the plant is often considered a problematic weed, utilization as a fiber crop can provide additional income for smallholder farmers while contributing to weed‑control management.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Napaea rhombifolia | (L.) Moench | Methodus : 621 (1794) |
| Malva rhombifolia | (L.) E.H.L.Krause | Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 6: 238 (1902) |
| Sida adusta | Marais | Kew Bull. 38: 42 (1983) |
| Sida arbuscula | Zipp. ex Span. | Linnaea 15: 171 (1841) |
| Sida hondensis | Kunth | Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 260 (1822) |
| Sida incerta | A.St.-Hil. & Naudin | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 18: 51 (1842) |
| Sida forsteri | Montrouz. | Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. , sér. 2, 10: 182 (1860) |
| Sida fryxellii | Sivar. & Pradeep | Kew Bull. 45: 725 (1990) |
| Sida canescens | Cav. | Diss. 1: 23 (1785) |
| Sida canariensis | Cav. | Anales Ci. Nat. 3: 72 (1801) |
| Sida kohautiana | C.Presl | Reliq. Haenk. 2: 108 (1835) |
| Sida sinensis | J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis] : 1048 (1792) |
| Sida ruderata | Macfad. | Fl. Jamaica 1: 80 (1837) |
| Sida scabrida | Wight & Arn. | Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 57 (1834) |
| Sida semicrenata | Link | Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 202 (1822) |
| Sida trinervia | Splitg. ex de Vriese | Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 339 (1848) |
| Sida philippica | DC. | Prodr. 1: 463 (1824) |
| Sida rhomboidea | Roxb. | Asiat. Res. 11: 178 (1810) |
| Sida retusifolia | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 527 (1812) |
| Sida recisa | Link | Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 203 (1822) |
| Sida troyana | Urb. | Symb. Antill. 5: 419 (1908) |
| Sida unicornis | Marais | Kew Bull. 38: 42 (1983) |
| Diadesma rhombifolia | Raf. | New Fl. 1: 41 (1836) |
| Sida grata | Gand. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 631 (1924) |
| Sida nudata | Gand. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924) |
| Sida praelonga | Gand. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924) |
| Sida pringlei | Gand. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 631 (1924) |
| Sida andicola | Gand. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71(5-6): 632. 1924 [18 Sep 1924] |
| Sida rhombifolia subsp. rhombifolia | L. | Blumea 14 1966 |
| Sida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea | (Roxb. ex Fleming) Mast. | Fl. Brit. India 1(2): 324 1874 |
| Sida rhombifolia var. canescens | DC. | Prodr. 1: 463 1824 |
| Sida compressa | DC. | Prodr. 1: 462 (1824) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. guazumifolia | K.Schum. | Fl. Bras. 12(3): 329 1891 |
| Sida alba | Cav. | Diss. 1, Diss. Bot. Sida 22. 1785 [15 Apr 1785] |
| Sida insularis | Hatus. | J. Jap. Bot. 35: 361 (1960) |
| Sida rhombifolia subsp. insularis | (Hatus.) Hatus. | Fl. Ryukyus : 846 (1971) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. minor | Duss | Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille 3: 65 (1897) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | cuban jute |
| English | angled sida |
| ace | jruen |
| Arabic | مهابالا |
| ban | selegui |
| Bambara | bojarafin |
| Bengali | আতিবালা |
| Bengali | লাল বেড়েলা |
| Czech | vlákeň kosolistá |
| Welsh | hocysen queensland |
| Persian | یونجه ایرلندی |
| Finnish | ruutusiida |
| Croatian | rombolisna baršunica |
| Kannada | ಆನೆ ಕಡೀರು |
| mad | tagghuri |
| Malagasy | tsindahory |
| Malagasy | sandahory |
| min | saliguri |
| Malayalam | ആനക്കുറുന്തോട്ടി |
| Sango | gbapörö |
| su | sadagori |
| Swedish | smalmalva |
| Telugu | అతిబల |
| Tonga | teʻehoosi |
| Tonga | ageratum conyzoides |
| Chinese | 黄花母 |
| Chinese | 金午時花 |
| Chinese | 黄花稔 |
| Chinese | 白背黄花棯 |
| Chinese | 黄花母根 |
| Chinese | 白背黄花稔 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Sida rhombifolia subsp. alnifolia | (L.) Ugbor. | Bol. Soc. Brot. , sér. 2.A, 54: 70 (1980-1981 publ. 1980) |
| Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa | (L.) Borss.Waalk. | Blumea 14: 198 (1966) |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Sida rhombifolia var. afrorhomboidea | Verdc. | Kew Bull. 59: 238 (2004) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. afroscabrida | Verdc. | Kew Bull. 59: 237 (2004) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. petherickii | Verdc. | Kew Bull. 59: 238 (2004) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. serratifolia | (R.Wilczek & Steyaert) Verdc. | Kew Bull. 59: 235 (2004) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. maderensis | (Lowe) Lowe | Man. Fl. Madeira 1: 69 (1857) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. rhombifolia | ||
| Sida rhombifolia var. riparia | Burtt Davy | Man. Pl. Transvaal 276 (1932) |
| Sida rhombifolia var. scabrida | (Wight & Arn.) Mast. | Fl. Brit. India 1: 324. 1874 (1874) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Cape Verde
- Madeira
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Sudan
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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Southern Africa
- Botswana
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Lesotho
- Northern Provinces
- Swaziland
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West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Burkina
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Rwanda
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Aldabra
- Comoros
- Mauritius
- Mozambique Channel Islands
- Réunion
- Seychelles
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East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
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Arabian Peninsula
- Yemen
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Kazan-retto
- Korea
- Nansei-shoto
- Ogasawara-Shoto
- Taiwan
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Western Asia
- Sinai
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- South China Sea
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Christmas Island
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Philippines
- Sumatera
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Papuasia
- Solomon Islands
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Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- Norfolk Island
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Middle Europe
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
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Southeastern Europe
- Sicilia
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Southwestern Europe
- Portugal
-
Middle Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexican Pacific Islands
- Mexico Central
- Mexico Gulf
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
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North-central U.S.A.
- Kansas
- Oklahoma
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South-central U.S.A.
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Florida
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
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Mexico
-
Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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Northwestern Pacific
- Caroline Islands
- Marianas
- Marshall Islands
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South-central Pacific
- Cook Islands
- Easter Island
- Line Islands
- Marquesas
- Pitcairn Islands
- Society Islands
- Tuamotu
- Tubuai Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- Gilbert Islands
- Nauru
- New Caledonia
- Niue
- Samoa
- Tokelau-manihiki
- Tonga
- Tuvalu
- Vanuatu
- Wallis-Futuna Islands
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Bermuda
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Turks-caicos Islands
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Belize
- Central American Pacific
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
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Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Chile Central
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
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Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Galápagos
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000505360 |
| UNII | U1S8MZY2T9 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 2741 |
| Flora of Alabama | 2635 |
| USDA Plants | SIRH |
| Tropicos | 19601093 |
| INPN | 123190 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:235798-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2601837 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 465458 |
| Observations.org | 141353 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 108377 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000034408 |
| Nature Serve | 2.143140 |
| IPNI | 235798-2 |
| iNaturalist | 79077 |
| GBIF | 5406735 |
| Freebase | /m/06mpv0 |
| EPPO | SIDRH |
| EOL | 595806 |
| Elurikkus | 533027 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 7548 |
| USDA GRIN | 33900 |
| Wikipedia | Sida_rhombifolia |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
No natural compounds are linked yet. If you wish to help please use this tool.
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |