Viola mandshurica - Unknown
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Internal ID UUID64404f98dc619253791319
Scientific name Viola mandshurica
Authority W.Becker
First published in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 120: 179 (1917)

Description Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Viola oldhamiana Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 559 (1928)
Viola yedoensis f. intermedia Kitag. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48(566): 103 1934
Viola philippica f. intermedia (Kitag.) Kitag. Lin. Fl. Manshur. 322 1939
Viola alisoviana f. intermedia (Kitag.) Taken. ? 1: 80 1955
Viola patrinii f. glabra (Nakai) F.Maek. Enum. Spermatoph. Jap. 3: 212 1954
Viola patrinii var. macrantha Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 49 1859
Viola mandshurica var. ciliata Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 60 1922
Viola mandshurica var. glabra Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 60 1922
Viola oblongosagittata f. ishizakii Yamam. J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 352 1933
Viola mandshurica f. macrantha (Maxim.) Nakai & Kitag. ? 321 1939
Viola mandshurica f. ciliata (Nakai) F.Maek. Enum. Spermatoph. Jap. 3: 207 1954
Viola mandshurica f. glabra (Nakai) Hiyama ex Maek. Enum. Spermatoph. Jap. 3: 207 1954
Viola hsinganensis Taken. Sci. Contr. Northeast Norm. Univ. 1: 81, pl. 2, f. 8 1955
Viola mandshurica f. albiflora P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 6: 293. 1977
Viola rhodosepala Kitag. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 611 (1934)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Spanish viola mandsurica
Bulgarian viola mandsurica
Persian بنفشه شرق دور
French viola mandsurica
Italian viola mandsurica
Japanese
Japanese マンジュリカ
Japanese スミレ
Korean 오랑캐꽃
Korean 제비꽃
Chinese 犁头草
Chinese 紫花地丁
Chinese 东北堇菜
Chinese 东北董菜
Chinese 東北堇菜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds directly at 4°C.
Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China Southeast
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Manchuria
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Ogasawara-Shoto
    • Russian Far East
      • Amur
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Primorye

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001144437
UNII 94DV6KD7QL
Tropicos 33800065
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:868618-1
The Plant List tro-33800065
Open Tree Of Life 108248
Observations.org 133336
NCBI Taxonomy 316491
IPNI 868618-1
iNaturalist 424920
GBIF 7296405
Freebase /m/0w32lsd
EPPO VIOMA
US Library of Congress sh85143541
USDA GRIN 41728
Wikipedia Viola_mandshurica
CMAUP NPO8837

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY Front Pharmacol 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10923241
doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464
PMID:38464713
The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL/6 Mice Jung J, Kim JS, Jeong UY, Bae UJ, Kim M, Park SY, Hwang IG, Heo JW, Shim CK, Ham JS, Lee SH Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 09-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10818880
doi:10.3390/ph17010091
PMID:38256924
Green Onion (Allium fistulosum): An Aromatic Vegetable Crop Esteemed for Food, Nutritional and Therapeutic Significance Kim SH, Yoon JB, Han J, Seo YA, Kang BH, Lee J, Ochar K Foods 16-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10742967
doi:10.3390/foods12244503
PMID:38137307
Microbiome dataset of bacterial and fungal communities in anthosphere of twelve different wild plants in South Korea Kim J, Cui Y, Lee H, Chun SJ Data Brief 05-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10440446
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2023.109470
PMID:37609647
Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Maca Root Extracts Fermented Using Lactobacillus Strains Yang J, Cho H, Gil M, Kim KE Antioxidants (Basel) 24-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10135397
doi:10.3390/antiox12040798
PMID:37107174
Metatranscriptomics Reveals Sequential Expression of Genes Involved in the Production of Melanogenesis Inhibitors by the Defined Microbial Species in Fermented Unpolished Black Rice Sangkaew O, Prombutara P, Roytrakul S, Yompakdee C Microbiol Spectr 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10100879
doi:10.1128/spectrum.03139-22
PMID:36861996
A Revised Phylogenetic Classification for Viola (Violaceae) Marcussen T, Ballard HE, Danihelka J, Flores AR, Nicola MV, Watson JM Plants (Basel) 27-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9460890
doi:10.3390/plants11172224
PMID:36079606
Brief Pollination Assessment of a Critically Endangered Food-Deceptive Orchid (Cypripedium guttatum) Using a Network Approach Lee H, Lee HS, Bae KH Plants (Basel) 17-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8950287
doi:10.3390/plants11060798
PMID:35336680
Fungal Endophytes and Their Role in Agricultural Plant Protection against Pests and Pathogens Grabka R, d’Entremont TW, Adams SJ, Walker AK, Tanney JB, Abbasi PA, Ali S Plants (Basel) 30-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8840373
doi:10.3390/plants11030384
PMID:35161365
Evaluating the Effects of Heat-Clearing Traditional Chinese Medicine in Stable Bronchiectasis by a Series of N-of-1 Trials Zi S, Huang H, Yang P, Xu M, Wu Y, Wang Z, Ge F, Chen X Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 17-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8789431
doi:10.1155/2022/6690638
PMID:35087595
Cryptic Diversity in Cladosporium cladosporioides Resulting from Sequence-Based Species Delimitation Analyses Becchimanzi A, Zimowska B, Nicoletti R Pathogens 10-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8472012
doi:10.3390/pathogens10091167
PMID:34578199
Traditional Chinese Medicine is an Alternative Therapeutic Option for Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections Pang Z, Zhu Q Front Pharmacol 27-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8429605
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.737252
PMID:34512364
Characterization and Dynamics of Intracellular Gene Transfer in Plastid Genomes of Viola (Violaceae) and Order Malpighiales Yang J, Park S, Gil HY, Pak JH, Kim SC Front Plant Sci 27-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8429499
doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.678580
PMID:34512682
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Medicinal Herb Extract Mixture, HM-V, on an Animal Model of DNCB-Induced Chronic Skin Inflammation Park S, Lee S, Weon Y, Kim T, Kim H, Lee T Plants (Basel) 28-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8400547
doi:10.3390/plants10081546
PMID:34451592
Tissue growth constrains root organ outlines into an isometrically scalable shape Fujiwara M, Goh T, Tsugawa S, Nakajima K, Fukaki H, Fujimoto K Development 26-Feb-2021
PMCID:PMC7929931
doi:10.1242/dev.196253
PMID:33637613

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
(7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-benzofuran-2-one 12311356 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C 196.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Loliolide 100332 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C 196.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Scoparone 8417 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC 206.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins
Isoscopoletin 69894 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=C1)O 192.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin 5281416 Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)O)O 178.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O 192.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chryseriol 5280666 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database

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