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Viola biflora

Viola biflora - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
Viola biflora - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffb7da58e2159371384
Scientific name Viola biflora
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 936 (1753)

Description Top

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It is a perennial herb that grows in alpine meadows, tundra, and rocky areas. It has yellow flowers with purple veins and a yellow center. The leaves are heart-shaped and have a toothed margin. The fruit is a capsule containing several seeds.

Viola biflora, commonly known as alpine yellow-violet, arctic yellow violet, or twoflower violet, is a perennial herb found in Europe, Siberia, Central Asia, Pakistan, western and northern China, North Korea, Japan, and Western North America. It grows in alpine meadows, tundra, and rocky areas and has yellow flowers with purple veins and a yellow center. The leaves are heart-shaped and have a toothed margin, and the fruit is a capsule containing several seeds.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Viola crassa Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 87 (1905)
Viola avatschensis W.Becker & Hultén Ark. Bot. 22A(3): 1 (1928)
Dischidium biflorum Opiz Seznam : 38 (1852)
Viola tayemonii Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 3 (1916)
Viola biflora var. nudicaulis W.Becker Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 42–43 1918
Viola biflora var. hirsuta W.Becker Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 42 1918
Viola kanoi Sasaki Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 19: 413 (1929)
Viola biflora var. valdepilosa Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7(2): 381 1931
Viola nudicaulis (W.Beck.) S.Y.Chen Fl. Xizang. 3: 297 (1986), without basionym ref.
Viola reniformis Wall. Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 2: 451. 1824
Viola schulzeana W.Becker Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 261 (1916)
Viola manaslensis Maekawa Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 173 (1954)
Viola biflora var. acuminata Maxim.
Viola chingiana W.Becker Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 117 (1925)
Viola wallichiana subsp. brevicornis W.Becker
Viola crassa subsp. alpicola Hid.Takah. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 18 (1974)
Viola crassa subsp. borealis Hid.Takah. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 19 (1974)
Viola crassa subsp. yatsugatakeana Hid.Takah. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 19 (1974)
Viola biflora subsp. avatschensis (W.Beck. & Hult.) Tzvelev Arktich. Fl. SSSR 8(1): 39 (1980)
Viola crassa var. tayemonii (Hayata) S.S.Ying Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 10 (1992)
Viola biflora var. akaishiensis Hid.Takah. & Ohba Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(4): 24 (1971)
Viola crassa var. alpicola (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982)
Viola crassa var. borealis (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982)
Viola crassa var. yatsugatakeana (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English yellow wood violet
English twoflower violet
English arctic yellow violet
Arabic بنفسج ثنائي الأزهار
Bulgarian двуцветна теменуга
Czech violka dvoukvětá
German zweiblütiges veilchen
Finnish lapinorvokki
French pensée à deux fleurs
Hungarian sárga ibolya
Japanese キバナノコマノツメ
Norwegian Bokmål fjellfiol
Dutch tweebloemig viooltje
Norwegian Nynorsk fjellfiol
Polish fiołek dwukwiatowy
se fiskesviola
Slovak fialka dvojkvetá
Swedish fjällviol
Chinese 短距黄花堇菜
Chinese 短距黄堇
Chinese 孪生堇菜
Chinese 好斯-其文图-尼勒-其其格
Chinese 雙黃花堇菜
Chinese 肾叶堇菜
Chinese 双花堇菜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Viola biflora subsp. carlottae Calder & Roy L.Taylor Canad. J. Bot. 43: 1395 (1965)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Viola biflora var. rockiana (W.Becker) Y.S.Chen Fl. China 13: 108 (2007)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Maintain seeds at a constant 10°C.
Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
      • Tibet
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Taiwan
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Russian Far East
      • Amur
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Magadan
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Chita
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • East Himalaya
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Myanmar
    • Malesia
      • Sumatera
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Finland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Bulgaria
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000426651
Canadensys 9478
USDA Plants VIBI2
Tropicos 33800008
INPN 129520
Flora of Italy 3184
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:867746-1
The Plant List kew-2464036
Open Tree Of Life 436216
Observations.org 123511
NCBI Taxonomy 214529
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0200003818
Nature Serve 2.131206
IPNI 867746-1
iNaturalist 130720
iNaturalist 238993
GBIF 5331325
Freebase /m/02_m9t
EPPO VIOBI
EOL 584599
Elurikkus 518074
USDA GRIN 429918
Wikipedia Viola_biflora

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community-centred health seeking strategies Manzoor M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gillani SW, Shaheen H, Pieroni A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Saqib S, Makhkamov T, Khaydarov K J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 30-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10688143
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00631-2
PMID:38037066
The Distribution Characteristics of Vegetation in the Subrange of the Altai Mountains, Xinjiang Cao Q, Wei Y, Li W, Feng Y, Abduraimov OS Plants (Basel) 20-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10675357
doi:10.3390/plants12223915
PMID:38005812
Community-wide patterns in pollen and ovule production, their ratio (P/O), and other floral traits along an elevation gradient in southwestern China Nepal S, Trunschke J, Ren ZX, Burgess KS, Wang H BMC Plant Biol 14-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10500814
doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04433-2
PMID:37710175
Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries of the Mediterranean Basin: An Ethnobotanical Overview Motti R, Paura B, Cozzolino A, de Falco B Plants (Basel) 28-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9736219
doi:10.3390/plants11233272
PMID:36501312
Phytogeographic Characteristics of Montane Coniferous Forests of the Central Balkan Peninsula (SE Europe) Ilić T, Kuzmanović N, Vukojičić S, Lakušić D Plants (Basel) 22-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9741231
doi:10.3390/plants11233194
PMID:36501234
Vegetation dynamics and soil nutrient availability in a temperate forest along altitudinal gradient of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya, India Maletha A, Maikhuri RK, Bargali SS, Sharma A, Negi VS, Rawat LS PLoS One 07-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9544032
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275051
PMID:36206256
A Revised Phylogenetic Classification for Viola (Violaceae) Marcussen T, Ballard HE, Danihelka J, Flores AR, Nicola MV, Watson JM Plants (Basel) 27-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9460890
doi:10.3390/plants11172224
PMID:36079606
The Updated Review on Plant Peptides and Their Applications in Human Health Mani S, Bhatt SB, Vasudevan V, Prabhu D, Rajamanikandan S, Velusamy P, Ramasamy P, Raman P Int J Pept Res Ther 27-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9326430
doi:10.1007/s10989-022-10437-7
PMID:35911180
Cyclotide-rich fractions containing nanofibers by electrospinning: preparation, characterization and examination of antimicrobial activity BAŞ EB, KÜREKCİ C, KALFA OM, AKCAN M Turk J Chem 19-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC10390166
doi:10.55730/1300-0527.3468
PMID:37529722
Pattern of β-Diversity and Plant Species Richness along Vertical Gradient in Northwest Himalaya, India Wani ZA, Khan S, Bhat JA, Malik AH, Alyas T, Pant S, Siddiqui S, Moustafa M, Ahmad AE Biology (Basel) 18-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9312975
doi:10.3390/biology11071064
PMID:36101443
Vegetation Classification and Distribution Patterns in the South Slope of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, Eastern Himalayas Wu PP, Wang Z, Jia NX, Dong SQ, Qu XY, Qiao XG, Liu CC, Guo K Plants (Basel) 28-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9105001
doi:10.3390/plants11091194
PMID:35567195
Traditions for Future Cross-National Food Security—Food and Foraging Practices among Different Native Communities in the Western Himalayas Haq SM, Hassan M, Jan HA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ahmad K, Abbasi AM Biology (Basel) 16-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8944997
doi:10.3390/biology11030455
PMID:35336828
Phenotypic Plasticity and Local Adaptation of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Favor Perennial Alpine Herbs under Climate Change Yao L, Wang D, Wang D, Li S, Chen Y, Guo Y Plants (Basel) 31-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8747477
doi:10.3390/plants11010120
PMID:35009124
Alpine community recruitment potential is determined by habitat attributes in the alpine ecosystems of the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains, SW China Chen X, Qian L, Zhang Y, Shi H, Sun H, Chen J Ecol Evol 18-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8668796
doi:10.1002/ece3.8373
PMID:34938516
Current state of populations of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in East Kazakhstan Kubentayev SA, Zhumagul MZ, Kurmanbayeva MS, Alibekov DT, Kotukhov JA, Sitpayeva GT, Mukhtubayeva SK, Izbastina KS Bot Stud 07-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8572951
doi:10.1186/s40529-021-00327-4
PMID:34746988

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Collections Top

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