Viola betonicifolia
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64404fb990432525352406 |
| Scientific name | Viola betonicifolia |
| Authority | Sm. |
| First published in | Cycl. 37: n.º 7 (1818) |
Description Top
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Viola betonicifolia, also known as the arrowhead violet, is a small perennial plant found in shaded habitats in forests. It is part of the Viola genus, which includes pansies and violets, and is native to southern Asia and eastern Australia. The plant was first described by English botanist Sir James Edward Smith in 1817 and has since been recognized as the senior synonym of Viola longiscapa and V. phyteumifolia. It is characterized by long, arrow-shaped leaves and bright purple flowers that bloom in spring and summer. The plant is found in Tasmania and eastern mainland Australia, as well as in Asia. Its flowers are pollinated by the large- or common grass yellow butterfly, and its caterpillars are food for the laced or Indian fritillary butterfly. Viola betonicifolia is easy to grow and adaptable to different soil types, making it a popular choice for gardens. However, the draining of coastal swamps in New South Wales has endangered the laced fritillary, which relies on this plant for survival.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Viola nilagirica | Turcz. | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(I): 556 (1863) |
| Viola longiscapa | DC. ex G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 322 (1831) |
| Viola walkeri | Wight | Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 42 (1838) |
| Viola phyteumifolia | DC. ex G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 322 (1831) |
| Viola inconspicua subsp. dielsiana | W.Becker | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(5, Beibl. 120): 172 1917 |
| Viola patrinii var. nepaulensis | Ging. | Prodr. 1: 293 1824 |
| Viola patrinii var. caespitosa | (D.Don) Ridl. | J. Bot. 73(1): 17–18 1935 |
| Viola caespitosa | D.Don | Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 205 (1825) |
| Viola betonicifolia subsp. nepalensis | (Ging.) W.Becker | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(5, Beibl. 120): 166 1917 |
| Viola oblongosagittata var. violascens | Nakai | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36(423): 37 1922 |
| Viola betonicifolia subsp. dielsiana | W.Becker | |
| Viola patrinii var. laotiana | H.Boissieu | |
| Viola betonicifolia f. pubescens | H.Hara | Fl. E. Himal. , 3rd. Rep.: 82 (1975) |
| Viola betonicifolia var. longiscapa | DC. | Prodr. 1: 294 (1824) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Persian | بنفشه کوهی |
| Chinese | 戟叶堇菜 |
| Chinese | 白犁头草 |
| Chinese | 箭葉堇菜 |
| Chinese | 聲叶堇菜*(箭叶堇菜） |
| Chinese | 尼泊尔堇菜 |
| Chinese | 箭叶堇菜 |
| Chinese | 戟葉堇菜 |
| Chinese | 聲叶堇菜 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Viola betonicifolia subsp. jaunsariensis | (W.Becker) Hara | J. Jap. Bot. 49: 133 (1974) |
| Viola betonicifolia subsp. novaguineensis | D.Moore | Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 82 (1963) |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Viola betonicifolia var. oblongosagittata | (Nakai) F.Maek. & T.Hashim. | J. Jap. Bot. 43: 162. 1968 (1968) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
| Requires Darkness: These seeds need to be covered with soil or otherwise kept in the dark to germinate properly. Light inhibits their germination process. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
- Tibet
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
- Nansei-shoto
- Taiwan
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
-
Papuasia
- New Guinea
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- New South Wales
- Norfolk Island
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
-
Australia
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001145097 |
| Tropicos | 33801371 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:867740-1 |
| The Plant List | tro-33801371 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 4729983 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1168213 |
| IPNI | 867740-1 |
| iNaturalist | 210157 |
| GBIF | 7296623 |
| Freebase | /m/04n2jjl |
| EPPO | VIOBT |
| EOL | 466210 |
| USDA GRIN | 429794 |
| Wikipedia | Viola_betonicifolia |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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No natural compounds are linked yet. If you wish to help please use this tool.
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |