Viola adunca
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64404f97acda6528744286 |
| Scientific name | Viola adunca |
| Authority | Sm. |
| First published in | Cycl. 37: n.º 63 (1818) |
Description Top
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Viola adunca, also known as hookedspur violet, is a species of violet native to western North America, Canada, and the northern contiguous United States. It can be found in meadows and forests and is a compact, hairy plant with spade- or heart-shaped leaves and violet flowers. It is a perennial that blooms in late spring and is the larval host plant for Myrtle's silverspot. It is also used as a food source by bees, birds, and mice. However, while the leaves and flowers are edible and high in vitamins A and C, the rhizomes, fruit, and seeds are poisonous to humans. Some Native American tribes have used this plant for medicinal and practical purposes, such as treating joint pain and dyeing arrows. Viola adunca is listed as endangered in Massachusetts and Connecticut.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Viola oreophila | Greene | Pittonia 4: 307 (1901) |
| Viola oreocallis | Greene | Pittonia 4: 288 (1901) |
| Viola petrophila | Greene | Pittonia 4: 286 (1901) |
| Viola fulcrata | Greene | Pittonia 4: 285 (1901) |
| Viola drepanophora | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 32 (1910) |
| Viola inamoena | Greene | Pl. Baker. 3: 11 (1901) |
| Viola huronensis | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 96 (1910) |
| Viola verbascula | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 32 (1910) |
| Viola unguiculata | Greene | Pittonia 4: 291 (1901) |
| Viola subvestita | Greene | Erythea 5: 39 (1897) |
| Viola compacta | Greene | Pittonia 4: 286 (1901) |
| Viola aduncoides | Á.Löve & D.Löve | Bot. Not. 128: 516 (1975 publ. 1976) |
| Viola cardaminefolia | Greene | Pittonia 4: 289 (1901) |
| Viola adunca var. uncinulata | (Greene) C.L.Hitchc. | Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 3: 440 (1961) |
| Viola adunca subsp. oxyceras | (S.Watson) Piper | Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 395 (1906) |
| Viola cascadensis | M.S.Baker | Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 173 (1949) |
| Viola adunca var. oxyceras | (S.Watson) Jeps. | Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 647 1925 |
| Viola adunca f. glabra | (Brainerd) G.N.Jones | Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 194. 1936 |
| Viola adunca var. glabra | Brainerd | Rhodora 15: 109 (1913) |
| Viola retroscabra | Greene | Pittonia 4: 290 (1901) |
| Viola demissa | Greene | Pl. Baker. 3: 10 (1901) |
| Viola tidestromii | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 34 (1910) |
| Viola uncinulata | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 97 (1910) |
| Viola adunca subsp. uncinulata | (Greene) Applegate | Amer. Midl. Naturalist 22: 282 (1939) |
| Lophion aduncum var. glabrum | (Brainerd) Nieuwl. & Lunell | Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 478 (1916) |
| Lophion aduncum | (Sm.) Nieuwl. & Lunell | Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 478 (1916) |
| Viola longipes | Nutt. | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 140 (1838) |
| Viola adunca var. longipes | Rydb. | Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 263 (1900) |
| Viola canina var. oxyceras | S.Watson | Bot. California 1: 56 (1876) |
| Viola bellidifolia subsp. valida | M.S.Baker | Madroño 5: 223 (1940) |
| Viola clarkiae | A.Nelson | Bot. Gaz. 54: 412 (1912) |
| Viola cordulata | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 33 (1910) |
| Viola desertorum | Greene | Pittonia 4: 291 (1901) |
| Viola montanensis | Rydb. | Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 263 (1900) |
| Viola odontophora | Rydb. | Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 264 (1900) |
| Viola canina var. adunca | (Sm.) A.Gray | Bot. Gaz. 11: 292 (1886) |
| Viola mamillata | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 33 (1910) |
| Viola oxysepala | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 34 (1910) |
| Viola sylvatica var. adunca | (Sm.) Kurtz | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(4): 364. 1894 [28 Dec 1894] |
| Viola canina var. longipes | (Nutt.) S.Watson | Bot. California 1: 56 (1876) |
| Viola oxyceras | Greene | Pittonia 3: 255 (1897) |
| Viola adunca f. albiflora | Vict. & J.Rousseau | Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 20 (1940) |
| Viola adunca subsp. ashtonae | M.S.Baker | Madroño 3: 233 (1936) |
| Viola adunca subsp. radicosa | M.S.Baker | Madroño 3: 234 (1936) |
| Viola adunca var. cascadensis | (M.S.Baker) C.L.Hitchc. | Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 3: 440 (1961) |
| Viola canina var. puberula | S.Watson | Manual , ed. 6: 81 (1890) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | early blue (hook) violet |
| English | hooked-spur violet |
| English | hookedspur violet |
| English | early blue violet |
| Persian | بنفشه زودرس نیلی |
| French | violette à éperon crochu |
| Hebrew | ויולה אדונקה |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Viola adunca var. bellidifolia | (Greene) H.D.Harr. | Man. Pl. Colorado : 641 (1954) |
| Viola adunca var. kirkii | V.G.Duran | Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 319 (1966) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Northern America click to expand
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Eastern Canada
- Labrador
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Québec
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Mexico
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
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North-central U.S.A.
- Iowa
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- North Dakota
- South Dakota
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New York
- Vermont
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
- Idaho
- Montana
- Oregon
- Washington
- Wyoming
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South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- Arizona
- California
- Nevada
- Utah
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Subarctic America
- Alaska
- Greenland
- Northwest Territorie
- Nunavut
- Yukon
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Western Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
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Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001144419 |
| Canadensys | 9474 |
| USDA Plants | VIAD |
| Tropicos | 33800003 |
| INPN | 762287 |
| Flora of Italy | 11814 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:265687-2 |
| The Plant List | tro-33800003 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 688387 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 684371 |
| Nature Serve | 2.152907 |
| IPNI | 265687-2 |
| iNaturalist | 53328 |
| GBIF | 5331199 |
| Freebase | /m/03d64wj |
| WisFlora | 5386 |
| EPPO | VIOAN |
| EOL | 584591 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 8281 |
| USDA GRIN | 430434 |
| Wikipedia | Viola_adunca |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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No natural compounds are linked yet. If you wish to help please use this tool.
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |