Common products:
Seed oil (fixed oil) is the principal documented product of Suregada glomerulata; it is classified as a drying oil suitable for industrial uses. The oil is extracted from mature seeds, typically by cold pressing or solvent extraction.

Industrial and craft applications:
The oil is used in the production of alkyd resins, varnish and paint oils, linoleum backing, and as a wood finish component. Its drying behavior is attributed to a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially linoleic acid), which supports film formation by oxidative polymerization; this makes it suitable for protective and decorative coatings.

Properties relevant to use:
The seed oil exhibits characteristics typical of non-edible, quick-drying oils: high iodine value (≈110–120 g I2/100 g oil), relatively low saponification value (≈190–195 mg KOH/g oil), and an acid value permitting purification to industrial grade. These properties facilitate polymer formation in resin systems and rapid curing of oil-based coatings.

Colorants and tanning:
No reliable references report extraction of dyes or tannins from S. glomerulata.

Wood and fiber:
No documented use of wood, timber, or fibers is reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No reliable references report use in perfumery or cosmetics.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The oil is non-edible; no food or beverage uses are documented.

Standards and regulation:
No species-specific standards or regulatory frameworks for S. glomerulata are cited in the accessible literature.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Seeds are harvested from wild or semi-wild stands; no formal sustainability assessments or certification schemes are documented for this taxon.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Suregada borneensis	(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 217 (1942)
Suregada meliocarpa	(Elmer) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Suregada microcarpa	(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Suregada mindanaensis	(Elmer) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Suregada papuana	(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Suregada philippinensis	(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Suregada pulgarensis	(Elmer) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Suregada rubra	(Ridl.) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 217 (1942)
Suregada spicata	Baill.	Étude Euphorb. : 396 (1858)
Suregada subglomerata	(Elmer) Croizat	Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 17: 216 (1942)
Gelonium glomerulatum	Hassk.	Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt. : 237 (1844)
Gelonium spicatum	Hassk.	Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt. : 237 (1844)
Erythrocarpus glomerulatus	Blume	Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 605 (1826)
Erythrocarpus spicatus	Blume	Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 605 (1826)
Gelonium borneense	Pax & K.Hoffm.	Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 230 (1931)
Gelonium meliocarpum	Elmer	Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 919 (1910)
Gelonium microcarpum	Pax & K.Hoffm.	Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, IV: 19 (1912)
Gelonium mindanaense	Elmer	Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2640 (1915)
Gelonium papuanum	Pax	Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, IV: 20 (1912)
Gelonium philippinense	Pax & K.Hoffm.	Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, IV: 20 (1912)
Gelonium pulgarense	Elmer	Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1293 (1911)
Gelonium rubrum	Ridl.	Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 81 (1926)
Gelonium subglomerulatum	Elmer	Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1292 (1911)
Gelonium glomerulatum f. montanum	J.J.Sm.

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Chinese	白树

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indo-China
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Maluku
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Northern Territory

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000317650
Tropicos	50064926
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:356667-1
The Plant List	kew-198602
Open Tree Of Life	1082259
NCBI Taxonomy	316821
IUCN Red List	147631595
IPNI	356667-1
GBIF	3054917
EOL	1150013

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Suregada Genus: A Review

Mangisa M, Kemboi D, Fouche G, Nthambeleni R, Langat MK, Tarirai C, Cheek M, Gonyela O, Tembu VJ

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

30-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610488
doi:	10.3390/ph16101390
PMID:	37895862

Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Plants of Asia and the Pacific

Sulaiman M, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, Rajagopal M, Rusdi NA, Seelan JS, Suleiman M, Zakaria ZA, Wiart C

Mar Drugs

15-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9605323
doi:	10.3390/md20100643
PMID:	36286466

Tropical forest soils serve as substantial and persistent methane sinks

Zhao JF, Peng SS, Chen MP, Wang GZ, Cui YB, Liao LG, Feng JG, Zhu B, Liu WJ, Yang LY, Tan ZH

Sci Rep

14-Nov-2019

PMCID:	PMC6856371
doi:	10.1038/s41598-019-51515-z
PMID:	31728015

EARE-1, a Transcriptionally Active Ty1/Copia-Like Retrotransposon Has Colonized the Genome of Excoecaria agallocha through Horizontal Transfer

Huang J, Wang Y, Liu W, Shen X, Fan Q, Jian S, Tang T

Front Plant Sci

24-Jan-2017

PMCID:	PMC5258746
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2017.00045
PMID:	28174588

α-Glucosidase-inhibitory iminosugars from the leaves of Suregada glomerulata.

Yan RY, Wang HQ, Liu C, Kang J, Chen RY

Bioorg Med Chem

01-Nov-2013

doi:	10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
PMID:	23993676

Screening of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from Some Plants of Apocynaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rubiaceae

Elya B, Basah K, Mun'im A, Yuliastuti W, Bangun A, Septiana EK

J Biomed Biotechnol

07-Dec-2011

PMCID:	PMC3236488
doi:	10.1155/2012/281078
PMID:	22187534

Two new diterpenoids from Suregada glomerulata (Blume) Baill

Ren Yi Yan, Ruo Yun Chen, De Quan Yu

Elsevier BV

07-Mar-2011

doi:	10.1016/J.CCLET.2010.12.015

Hamiguitan Range: A sanctuary for native flora

Amoroso VB, Aspiras RA

Saudi J Biol Sci

21-Jul-2010

PMCID:	PMC3730927
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.07.003
PMID:	23961098

Diterpenoids from the roots of Suregada glomerulata.

Yan RY, Tan YX, Cui XQ, Chen RY, Yu DQ

J Nat Prod

01-Feb-2008

doi:	10.1021/NP0705211
PMID:	18205316

The complete nucleotide sequence of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) chloroplast genome and the evolution of atpF in Malpighiales: RNA editing and multiple losses of a group II intron

Daniell H, Wurdack KJ, Kanagaraj A, Lee SB, Saski C, Jansen RK

Theor Appl Genet

24-Jan-2008

PMCID:	PMC2587239
doi:	10.1007/s00122-007-0706-y
PMID:	18214421

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(8-hydroxyoctyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol	72204016	Click to see	291.38	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Annonaceous acetogenins
Annojahnin	10507637	Click to see	590.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(4aS,4bR,7S,10aS)-7-ethenyl-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,4a-trimethyl-3,4,4b,5,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-2-one	24799513	Click to see	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
7-Ethenyl-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,4a-trimethyl-3,4,4b,5,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-2-one	74318585	Click to see	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(1S,3R,4S,6R,9S,10R,13R)-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-3,6-diol	24799514	Click to see	304.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
5,5,9-Trimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-3,6-diol	74318586	Click to see CC1(C(CCC2(C1C(CC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)O)C)O)C	304.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Iridoids and derivatives
(2aS,4abeta,7abeta,7bbeta)-Octahydro-3alpha-chloro-2H-1,7-dioxacyclopenta[cd]indene-2abeta,4beta-diol	14413753	Click to see	220.65	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(+)-(1R,3R,6S,7S,8R,11S)-3,8,12-trihydroxy-alpha-muurolene	139588432	Click to see	252.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(1R,4S,7S,8R,10S,11S,12S)-7-hydroxy-10-methoxy-7,13,13-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-18-oxapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,9.04,8]octadec-2(9)-ene-3,5,17-trione	10788052	Click to see	416.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
(3R,4aS,6S,10aR,11aS,11bR)-3,6-dihydroxy-4,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,10a,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-9-one	24799512	Click to see	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
(4aR,6S,10aR,11aS,11bR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,10a,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-9-one	15275763	Click to see CC1=C2C=C3C(CC2OC1=O)C4(CCCC(C4CC3O)(C)C)C	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
3,6-dihydroxy-4,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,10a,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-9-one	74318584	Click to see	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
6-hydroxy-4,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,10a,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-9-one	162944436	Click to see	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones
(1S,3aS,3bS,4S,5aR,9aR,9bS,11aS)-3b,4-dihydroxy-1,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b,10,11a-decahydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-g][1]benzofuran-2,11-dione	24799330	Click to see	350.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
3b,4-dihydroxy-1,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b,10,11a-decahydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-g][1]benzofuran-2,11-dione	74318533	Click to see CC1C2C(C3(C(CC4C(CCCC4(C3CC2=O)C)(C)C)O)O)OC1=O	350.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]piperidine-3,4,5-triol	72204018	Click to see CCCCN1C(C(C(C(C1COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)CO	411.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]piperidine-3,4,5-triol	72203844	Click to see	369.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]piperidine-3,4,5-triol	457676	Click to see	355.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]piperidine-3,4,5-triol	70461665	Click to see	355.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
(1R,2S,5R,7S,8R,17R)-2,7,14-trimethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,8.05,7.013,17]octadeca-11,13-dien-15-one	162966422	Click to see	298.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCLET.2010.12.015
(1S,2R,5R,7S,8R,10S,17R)-10-hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,8.05,7.013,17]octadeca-11,13-dien-15-one	24799332	Click to see	330.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
10-Hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,8.05,7.013,17]octadeca-11,13-dien-15-one	74318535	Click to see	330.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
Jolkinolide B	161954	Click to see CC1=C2C3C4(O3)CCC5C(CCCC5(C4C6C2(O6)OC1=O)C)(C)C	330.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0705211
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines
(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-dimethylpiperidine-3,4,5-triol	72204017	Click to see	191.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
(2R,3R,5S,6R)-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpiperidine-3,5-diol	72204019	Click to see	191.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
(2R,3S,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpiperidine-3,5-diol	72204015	Click to see	191.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
Alpha-7-Deoxyhomonojirimycin	10921056	Click to see	177.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines
2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-imino-glycero-D-manno-heptitol	10198040	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(N1)C(CO)O)O)O)O	193.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines
4,4,9-Trimethyl-3,12,14-trioxa-9-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]heptadeca-1(10),2(7),5,11(15),16-pentaen-8-one	163104545	Click to see	285.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2013.07.048

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Suregada glomerulata

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top