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Spirostachys africana

Spirostachys africana - Unknown
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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fed45d1ffb191983440
Scientific name Spirostachys africana
Authority Sond.
First published in Linnaea 23: 106 (1850)

Description Top

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Spirostachys africana is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to the warmer parts of Southern Africa. It grows in single-species copses in deciduous woodland, often along watercourses or on brackish flats and sandy soils. The leaves are small, elliptic with crenate margins, and turn bright red in winter before dropping. The grey-black rough bark is distinctively split into neat rectangles. The catkin-like flowers appear in early spring before the leaves. The wood of the tree is known as tamboti and is prized in the furniture industry for its beautiful, dense and durable timber. The fruits of the tree are parasitized by the small grey moth Emporia melanobasis, which causes them to move about erratically and vigorously, leading to the name "jumping bean tree". The latex of the tree is used as a fish poison, is applied to arrow-tips and is used as a purgative by indigenous tribes.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Sapium africanum Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 293 (1898)
Spirostachys synandra Pax Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, V: 155 (1912)
Stillingia africana Baill. Adansonia 3: 163 (1863)
Excoecaria africana Müll.Arg. Linnaea 32: 123 (1863)
Excoecaria synandra Pax Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 223 (1909)
Excoecariopsis synandra (Pax) Pax Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 239 1910

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Afrikaans tambotie

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Mozambique
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000313535
Tropicos 12803107
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:356435-1
The Plant List kew-194612
Open Tree Of Life 86608
NCBI Taxonomy 316863
IUCN Red List 200643
IPNI 356435-1
iNaturalist 340253
GBIF 5378880
Freebase /m/0ft8f3
EPPO SSTAF
EOL 1150097
USDA GRIN 416391
Wikipedia Spirostachys_africana

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Potential biomarkers for southern African hunter-gatherer arrow poisons applied to ethno-historical and archaeological samples Isaksson S, Högberg A, Lombard M, Bradfield J Sci Rep 23-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10363533
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38735-0
PMID:37482542
Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF Plants (Basel) 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005506
doi:10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:36904005
Technological and functional analysis of 80–60 ka bone wedges from Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) d’Errico F, Backwell LR, Wadley L, Geis L, Queffelec A, Banks WE, Doyon L Sci Rep 29-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9523071
doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20680-z
PMID:36175454
An Annotated Inventory of Tanzanian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Respiratory Bacterial Infections Innocent E, Marealle AI, Imming P, Moeller L Plants (Basel) 30-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC9002956
doi:10.3390/plants11070931
PMID:35406911
The climate and vegetation backdrop to hominin evolution in Africa Gosling WD, Scerri EM, Kaboth-Bahr S Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 07-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8899624
doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0483
PMID:35249389
Water availability, bedrock, disturbance by herbivores, and climate determine plant diversity in South-African savanna Hejda M, Čuda J, Pyšková K, Zambatis G, Foxcroft LC, MacFadyen S, Storch D, Tropek R, Pyšek P Sci Rep 10-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8748544
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02870-3
PMID:35013353
Molecular Docking Simulation Studies Identifies Potential Natural Product Derived-Antiwolbachial Compounds as Filaricides against Onchocerciasis Kwofie SK, Broni E, Yunus FU, Nsoh J, Adoboe D, Miller WA III, Wilson MD Biomedicines 13-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8615632
doi:10.3390/biomedicines9111682
PMID:34829911
Natural Products from Medicinal Plants against Phytopathogenic Fusarium Species: Current Research Endeavours, Challenges and Prospects Seepe HA, Nxumalo W, Amoo SO Molecules 29-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8587185
doi:10.3390/molecules26216539
PMID:34770948
The invasive cactus Opuntia stricta creates fertility islands in African savannas and benefits from those created by native trees Novoa A, Foxcroft LC, Keet JH, Pyšek P, Le Roux JJ Sci Rep 21-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8531129
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99857-x
PMID:34675315
A Review of Ethnoveterinary Knowledge, Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Woody Plants Used for Managing Animal Health in South Africa Selogatwe KM, Asong JA, Struwig M, Ndou RV, Aremu AO Vet Sci 12-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8537377
doi:10.3390/vetsci8100228
PMID:34679058
The Ethnobotany and Chemistry of South African Meliaceae: A Review Oyedeji-Amusa MO, Sadgrove NJ, Van Wyk BE Plants (Basel) 28-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8466584
doi:10.3390/plants10091796
PMID:34579329
Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Biological Evaluation of Plants Used for Mitigating Cattle Diseases: A Critical Insight Into the Trends and Patterns in South Africa Chakale MV, Mwanza M, Aremu AO Front Vet Sci 19-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8417044
doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.710884
PMID:34490402
A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine Cock I, Mavuso N, Van Vuuren S Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 29-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8346297
doi:10.1155/2021/7341124
PMID:34367307
South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality Khumalo GP, Sadgrove NJ, Van Vuuren SF, Van Wyk BE Antibiotics (Basel) 07-Jun-2021
PMCID:PMC8227155
doi:10.3390/antibiotics10060681
PMID:34200286
Prototyping a Knowledge-Based System to Identify Botanical Extracts for Plant Health in Sub-Saharan Africa Silvie PJ, Martin P, Huchard M, Keip P, Gutierrez A, Sarter S Plants (Basel) 29-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8146496
doi:10.3390/plants10050896
PMID:33946682

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(+)-15-Beyeren-3-one 15381927 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(CCC3C2(CCC1=O)C)(C=C4)C)C 286.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9620004046
(1R,4S,5S,6S,9S,10S,13S)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-en-7-one 162970048 Click to see CC12CCC3C4(CC(=O)C(C(C4CCC3(C1)C=C2)(C)CO)O)C 318.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90065-X
(1R,4S,6R,9S,10S,13S)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-en-6-ol 7801153 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(CCC3C2(CCC1O)C)(C=C4)C)C 288.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00113-1
(1R,4S,6S,9S,10S,13S)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-en-6-ol 11916140 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(CCC3C2(CCC1O)C)(C=C4)C)C 288.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00113-1
(1R,4S,6S,9S,10S,13S)-6-hydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-en-7-one 10335107 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(CCC3C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)(C=C4)C)C 302.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90065-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2007.11.017
(1S,4S,6R,9S,10S,13R)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-en-6-ol 102272579 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(CCC3C2(CCC1O)C)(C=C4)C)C 288.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00113-1
6-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-en-7-one 162970047 Click to see CC12CCC3C4(CC(=O)C(C(C4CCC3(C1)C=C2)(C)CO)O)C 318.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90065-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
2-Hydroxypiperitone 79023 Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C(CC1)C(C)C)O 168.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2007.11.017
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
Acetyl aleuritolic acid 161616 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CCC4(C3=CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C 498.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2007.11.017
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lupeol 259846 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2007.11.017
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP2002012
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-[(1R,4S,5S,6S,9S)-5-(carboxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-4-tricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec-10-enyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid 102316556 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C(CCC3(C1)C=C2)C(C)(C)C(=O)O)(C)CC(=O)O 334.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00792-9
2-[(1S,4R,5S,6S,9S)-5-(carboxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-4-tricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec-10-enyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid 162970747 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C(CCC3(C1)C=C2)C(C)(C)C(=O)O)(C)CC(=O)O 334.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00792-9
2-[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-5-(carboxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-4-tricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec-10-enyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid 163187162 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C(CCC3(C1)C=C2)C(C)(C)C(=O)O)(C)CC(=O)O 334.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00792-9
2-[5-(Carboxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-4-tricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec-10-enyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid 162970746 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C(CCC3(C1)C=C2)C(C)(C)C(=O)O)(C)CC(=O)O 334.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00792-9
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
(1S,3R,9R,10R,13S)-3,7-dihydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadeca-4,7,14-trien-6-one 101712439 Click to see CC1=C2C(CC34CC(CCC3C2(C=C(C1=O)O)C)(C=C4)C)O 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00113-1
(1S,3S,9R,10R,13S)-3,7-dihydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadeca-4,7,14-trien-6-one 101712438 Click to see CC1=C2C(CC34CC(CCC3C2(C=C(C1=O)O)C)(C=C4)C)O 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00113-1
6-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-ene-7,12-dione 163069727 Click to see CC1C2CCC34CC(C=C3)(C(=O)CC4C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)C 302.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90065-X

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