Aleurites moluccanus in Genus Aleurites

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID64403822d9fb1450349195
Scientific name	Aleurites moluccanus
Authority	Willd.
First published in	Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 4: 590 (1805)

Description Top

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The man was later tried and convicted of the crime, and the tree was cut down and burned.

Summary
Aleurites moluccanus, commonly known as the candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It grows to a height of up to 30 m (98 ft) and has pale green, simple, and ovate or heart-shaped leaves. The fruit is a drupe about 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) in diameter with one or two lobes, each containing a single soft, white, oily, kernel contained within a hard shell. Its native range is impossible to establish precisely because of early spread by humans, and the tree is now distributed throughout the New and Old World tropics. It grows in tropical rainforests and gallery forests, and is a very fast-growing tree. The seeds are eaten by rodents, and the larvae of the coleopteran Agrianome fairmairei feed on dead candlenut wood. The nut and the oil that can be extracted from it are used in various cuisines, and the tree has many traditional uses, such as for illumination, tattoo-making, and making leis. The nut is

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Jatropha moluccana	L.	Sp. Pl. : 1006 (1753)
Mallotus moluccanus	Müll.Arg.	Linnaea 34: 185 (1865)
Manihot moluccana	Crantz	Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 167 (1766)
Ricinus dicoccus	Roxb.	Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 690 (1832)
Camerium moluccanum	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 595 (1891)
Camirium oleosum	Reinw. ex Blume	Catalogus : 104 (1823)
Camirium cordifolium	Gaertn.	Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 194 (1791)
Rottlera moluccana	Scheff.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 122 (1869)
Telopea perspicua	Sol. ex Seem.	Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 223.
Aleurites ambinux	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 2: 579 (1807)
Aleurites angustifolius	Vieill. ex Guillaumin	Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille sér. 2, 9: 225, nomen. 1911
Aleurites angustifolius	Vieill.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 4, 16: 60 (1862)
Aleurites commutatus	Geiseler	Croton. Monogr. : 82 (1807)
Aleurites cordifolius	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 49 (1840)
Aleurites integrifolius	Vieill. ex Guillaumin	Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille sér. 2, 9: 225, in syn. 1911
Aleurites integrifolius	Vieill.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 4, 16: 59 (1862)
Aleurites javanicus	Gand.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 27. 1913 (1913)
Aleurites lanceolatus	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 757 (1837)
Aleurites lobatus	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 756 (1837)
Aleurites moluccanus var. alaunii	O.Deg. & I.Deg.	Phytologia 21(5): 316. 1971
Aleurites moluccanus var. floccosus	Airy Shaw	Kew Bull. 20: 26, 393 (1966)
Aleurites moluccanus var. katoi	O.Deg., I.Deg. & B.C.Stone	Phytologia 21: 315 (1971)
Aleurites moluccanus var. remyi	(Sherff) Stone	Pacific Sci. 21: 553 1967
Aleurites moluccanus var. serotinus	O.Deg. & Sherff	Amer. J. Bot. 38: 57. 1951
Aleurites pentaphyllus	Wall.	Numer. List [Wallich] n. 7959. 1847
Aleurites remyi	Sherff	Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 558. 1939
Aleurites trilobus	J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.	Char. Gen. Pl. 56. 1775 [29 Nov 1775]
Dryandra oleifera	Lam.	Encycl. 2: 329 (1786)
Aleurites lanceolata	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 757 (1837)
Aleurites lobata	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 756 (1837)
Juglans camirium	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch. : 573 (1790)
Camirium oleosum	Reinw. ex Müll.Arg.

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	candlenut
English	buah keras
English	candleberry
English	godou
English	indian walnut
English	kekuna tree
English	kemiri
English	kukui nut tree
English	nuez de la india
English	varnish tree
Spanish	kukui
Spanish	aleurites ambinux
Spanish	aleurites integrifolia
Spanish	aleurites javanica
Spanish	aleurites lanceolata
Spanish	aleurites lobata
Spanish	aleurites remyi
Spanish	arbol candil
Spanish	Árbol candil
Spanish	camirium oleosum
Spanish	mallotus moluccanus
Spanish	manihot moluccana
Spanish	ricinus dicoccus
Spanish	rottlera moluccana
Spanish	telopea perspicua
Arabic	ألوريتس
Azerbaijani	aleurites javanicus
Azerbaijani	aleurites pentaphyllus
Azerbaijani	aleurites remyi
Azerbaijani	aleurites trilobus
ban	tingkih
bjn	kaminting
bug	ᨄᨛᨒᨛ
Czech	moukeš molucký
Czech	tungovník molucký
German	lichtnussbaum
German	kemirinuss
German	kemirinussbaum
German	kerzennuss
German	kukui
Estonian	küünlapähklipuu
Estonian	küünlapuu
Estonian	moluki tungpuu
Persian	آلئوریتیس ملوکانوس
Finnish	hopeatungpuu
French	bancoule
French	bancoulier
French	noyer de bancoule
French	noyer des moluques
Hebrew	אגוז הודי
Indonesian	kemiri
Japanese	キャンドルナッツ
Japanese	キャンドルナッツツリー
Japanese	ククイ・ナッツ
Japanese	ククイナッツ
Japanese	ククイナッツオイル
Japanese	ククイノキ
Japanese	クミリ
Japanese	ケミリ
Japanese	トゥイトゥイ
Japanese	ククイ
jv	kemiri
mad	komèrè
mad	kamèrè
mad	mèrè
min	bukareh
min	cegek
min	dama
min	kamiri
Malay	pokok buah keras
Malay	pokok kemiri
Malay	buah keras
Burmese	တောသစ်ကြားပင်
Dutch	kemirie
Dutch	kemirinoot
Polish	kukui
Polish	orzechy kukui
Polish	tungowiec
Polish	tung molukański
Portuguese	nogueira de iguape
Portuguese	nogueira-de-iguape
Russian	Лумбанг
Russian	Тунг молуккский
su	muncang
Tonga	tuitui
ty	tiairi
Ukrainian	Свічкове дерево
Chinese	石栗
Chinese	石栗叶
Chinese	石栗子
Chinese	南洋石栗
Chinese	檢果
Chinese	油果
Chinese	海胡桃
Chinese	燭果樹
Chinese	燭栗
Chinese	石慄
Chinese	蠟燭果
Chinese	黑桐油樹

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- South Tropical Africa
  - Mozambique
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Swaziland
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Rwanda
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
- Eastern Asia
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Cambodia
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland
- New Zealand
  - Kermadec Islands

Northern America click to expand
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Pitcairn Islands
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Windward Islands
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Paraguay

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000940858
UNII	0592961VJA
Florida Plant Atlas	1673
USDA Plants	ALMO
Tropicos	12800004
INPN	447118
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:338514-1
The Plant List	kew-5934
Missouri Botanical Garden	364364
Open Tree Of Life	768731
Observations.org	323330
Observations.org	724772
NCBI Taxonomy	123498
Nature Serve	2.152695
IUCN Red List	18435618
IPNI	338514-1
iNaturalist	370011
iNaturalist	55988
GBIF	4930679
Freebase	/m/02b0h8
EPPO	ALEMO
EOL	1146100
Elurikkus	2637
Elurikkus	495254
USDA GRIN	2191
Wikipedia	Aleurites_moluccanus

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_948193065.1	Am-PI159043-DRAFT-NextGenCassava-1.0	Contig	Cornell University	2023-04-09	79.0x	1.84 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL

EFSA J

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10949325
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:	38505477

A Comprehensive Review of the Classification, Sources, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Norditerpenes

Zeng N, Zhang Q, Yao Q, Fu G, Su W, Wang W, Li B

Molecules

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780140
doi:	10.3390/molecules29010060
PMID:	38202643

The Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Microbial Biostimulant, Sustainable Approaches in Modern Agriculture

Sun W, Shahrajabian MH

Plants (Basel)

29-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10490045
doi:	10.3390/plants12173101
PMID:	37687348

Comprehensive Characterization of Kukui Nuts as Feedstock for Energy Production in Hawaii

Fu J, Weber S, Turn SQ

ACS Omega

14-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10308387
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c00860
PMID:	37396206

The activity of candlenut oil in the nanostructured lipid carrier system on hair growth in rats

Erawati TM, Rosita N, Rachmania I

J Public Health Afr

16-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10365677
doi:	10.4081/jphia.2023.2519
PMID:	37492551

Diversity of substrate type, ethnomycology, mineral composition, proximate, and phytochemical compounds of the Schizopyllum commune Fr. in the area along Palu-Koro Fault, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Yusran Y, Erniwati E, Khumaidi A, Pitopang R, Jati IR

Saudi J Biol Sci

14-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9985035
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103593
PMID:	36879672

Chromium toxicity, speciation, and remediation strategies in soil-plant interface: A critical review

Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Ahmad M, Hussain S, Maqsood MF, Ishfaq M, Shahzad B, Waqas MM, Ali B, Tayyab MN, Ahmad SA, Khan I, Eldin SM

Front Plant Sci

13-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9880494
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1081624
PMID:	36714741

Appraising the therapeutical potentials of Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm., an underexplored medicinal herb: A systematic review

Jain NK, Tailang M, Kumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Alghazwani Y, Chandramoorthy HC, Kumar A, Deshpande H, Wal P, Balamurugan M, Chidambaram K

Front Pharmacol

02-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9761395
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2022.958453
PMID:	36545314

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Fungi Associated with Mangifera indica from Yunnan, China

Yang EF, Karunarathna SC, Dai DQ, Stephenson SL, Elgorban AM, Al-Rejaie S, Xiong YR, Promputtha I, Samarakoon MC, Tibpromma S

J Fungi (Basel)

26-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9780836
doi:	10.3390/jof8121249
PMID:	36547582

Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Erythrostemon yucatanensis (Greenm.) Gagnon & GP Lewis Components with Anti-hemagglutinin Binding Activity against Influenza A/H1N1 Virus

Ortiz-López T, Borges-Argáez R, Ayora-Talavera G, Canto-Ramírez E, Cetina-Montejo L, May-May Á, Escalante-Erosa F, Cáceres-Farfán M

Molecules

26-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9458041
doi:	10.3390/molecules27175494
PMID:	36080262

Photogrammetric reconstruction of 3D carpological collection in high resolution for plants authentication and species discovery

Wang HL, Wong TH, Chan YM, Cheng YS, Lau DT

PLoS One

04-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9352034
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0270199
PMID:	35925934

Spatio-Temporal Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants: A Promising Strategy for Lignocellulose Improvement and Lignin Valorization

Wang Y, Gui C, Wu J, Gao X, Huang T, Cui F, Liu H, Sethupathy S

Front Bioeng Biotechnol

01-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9283729
doi:	10.3389/fbioe.2022.917459
PMID:	35845403

Safeguarding human–wildlife cooperation

van der Wal JE, Spottiswoode CN, Uomini NT, Cantor M, Daura‐Jorge FG, Afan AI, Attwood MC, Amphaeris J, Balasani F, Begg CM, Blair CJ, Bronstein JL, Buanachique IO, Cuthill RR, Das J, Deb A, Dixit T, Dlamini GS, Dounias E, Gedi II, Gruber M, Hoffmann LS, Holzlehner T, Isack HA, Laltaika EA, Lloyd‐Jones DJ, Lund J, Machado AM, Mahadevan L, Moreno IB, Nwaogu CJ, Pereira VL, Pierotti R, Rucunua SA, dos Santos WF, Serpa N, Smith BD, Tolkova I, Tun T, Valle‐Pereira JV, Wood BM, Wrangham RW, Cram DL

Conserv Lett

09-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9540276
doi:	10.1111/conl.12886
PMID:	36248252

Fatty acids composition and in vivo biochemical effects of Aleurites moluccana seed (Candlenut) in obese wistar rats

de Britto Rosa MC, Ribeiro PR, de Oliveira Silva V, Selvati-Rezende DA, da Silva TP, Souza FR, Cardoso MD, Seixas JN, Andrade EF, Pardi V, Murata RM, Pereira LJ

Diabetol Metab Syndr

08-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9178887
doi:	10.1186/s13098-022-00847-4
PMID:	35676689

High-efficiency removal of cationic dye and heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using amino-functionalized graphene oxide, adsorption isotherms, kinetics studies, and mechanism

ÇELEBİ M, GÖKIRMAK SÖĞÜT E

Turk J Chem

02-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC10390136
doi:	10.55730/1300-0527.3462
PMID:	37529749

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane	12410	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	436.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Coumarinolignans
(S)-Moluccanin	91895364	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C(OC3=C(O2)C=C4C(=C3)C=CC(=O)O4)CO	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80480-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
alpha-Amyrin	73170	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	134766514	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
5-Cholestene-3-ol, 24-methyl-	312822	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
24-Ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol	22012	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
beta-Sitostenone	60123241	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00314-2
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80006-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Scoparone	8417	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC	206.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00314-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
2''-O-Rhamnosylswertisin	10461080	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2C3=C(C=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C=C(O4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC)CO)O)O)O)O)O	592.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960785 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-9-1035
6-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-4',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone	369636	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960785 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092167/ https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-9-1035
Swertisin	124034	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960785 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092167/ https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-9-1035

Biological Material Top

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Aleurites moluccanus

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top