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Gynocardia odorata

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffc6375334079962676
Scientific name Gynocardia odorata
Authority R.Br.
First published in Pl. Coromandel 3: 95 (1820)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Seed oil is the principal reported product. The oil is obtained by pressing seeds; sources describe it as a yellow, semi-drying oil suitable for soapmaking and lighting.

Industrial and craft applications:
Semi-drying oil characteristics permit use as a soap base. The oil’s substantial iodine value (≈120–130) and high saponification value (≈190–200 mg KOH/g) favor soap formulation and indicate drying potential for protective coatings when combined with driers.

Wood and fiber:
The heartwood is compact, durable timber used in construction, furniture, and tool handles; sapwood is less durable.

Colorants and tanning:
The bark has been used to produce brown dyes for textiles. It also yields tannins useful for leather tanning.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No culinary applications are documented in reliable references.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The fruit is noted for a strong odor, but commercial exploitation is not reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Seed oil: semi-drying oil; iodine value ≈120–130; saponification value ≈190–200 mg KOH/g; fatty acid profile includes conjugated C20 acids. Wood: hard, compact; suitable for load-bearing uses.

Standards and regulation:
Not specified in reliable references.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species occurs in wet evergreen and hill forests of South and Southeast Asia. Overharvest for timber and seeds may affect wild populations; authoritative sources recommend conservation and cultivation initiatives to ensure sustainable supply.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Chaulmoogra odorata Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 105. 1814
Chilmoria dodecandra Buch.-Ham. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 500 (1822)
Gynocardia antisyphilitica Pierre ex Tschirch Handb. Pharmakogn. 3: 462 (1923)
Gynocardia prainii Desprez Chaulmoogra : 15 (1900)
Hydnocarpus odoratus (R.Br.) Lindl. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. : 84 (1845)
Hydnocarpus odoratus (Roxb.) Peterm. Pflanzenreich : 827 (1841-1845)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Burmese ကလောသီး
Chinese 马蛋果
Chinese 野沙梨
Chinese 阿比坦

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • Nepal
    • Indo-China
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000433662
Tropicos 13200006
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111709-1
The Plant List kew-247802
Open Tree Of Life 502528
NCBI Taxonomy 124848
IPNI 111709-1
GBIF 3878096
Freebase /m/0g9zh4d
EOL 2900118
USDA GRIN 18117
Wikipedia Gynocardia_odorata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The Centenary of the Leprosy Relief Association (Lepra)—a moment for celebration and reflection Allen I, Lockwood DN, Hay RJ Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 25-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC11062199
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trad096
PMID:38269435
The presence of wild edible plants and determinants influencing their harvest, consumption, and conservation in south eastern Bhutan Bajgai RC, Bajgai Y, Johnson SB PLoS One 10-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10564141
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285936
PMID:37816046
Siwalik plant megafossil diversity in the Eastern Himalayas: A review Khan MA, Mahato S, Spicer RA, Spicer TE, Ali A, Hazra T, Bera S Plant Divers 17-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC10311196
doi:10.1016/j.pld.2022.12.003
PMID:37397603
Vegetation Classification and Distribution Patterns in the South Slope of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, Eastern Himalayas Wu PP, Wang Z, Jia NX, Dong SQ, Qu XY, Qiao XG, Liu CC, Guo K Plants (Basel) 28-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9105001
doi:10.3390/plants11091194
PMID:35567195
Nonlinear molecular dynamics of quercetin in Gynocardia odorata and Diospyros malabarica fruits: Its mechanistic role in hepatoprotection Ghosh A, Sarmah P, Patel H, Mukerjee N, Mishra R, Alkahtani S, Varma RS, Baishya D PLoS One 21-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8936497
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263917
PMID:35313329
Mycobacterium leprae: A historical study on the origins of leprosy and its social stigma Santacroce L, Del Prete R, Charitos IA, Bottalico L Infez Med 10-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8805473
doi:10.53854/liim-2904-18
PMID:35146374
Chemical Diversity of Plant Cyanogenic Glycosides: An Overview of Reported Natural Products Yulvianti M, Zidorn C Molecules 30-Jan-2021
PMCID:PMC7866531
doi:10.3390/molecules26030719
PMID:33573160
Rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer: Physiognomy, floristics and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India Shankar U, Tripathi AK Plant Divers 21-Oct-2016
PMCID:PMC6112274
doi:10.1016/j.pld.2016.10.003
PMID:30159488
Traditional use and management of NTFPs in Kangchenjunga Landscape: implications for conservation and livelihoods Uprety Y, Poudel RC, Gurung J, Chettri N, Chaudhary RP J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 03-May-2016
PMCID:PMC4855762
doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0089-8
PMID:27142597
Pathophysiology of kidney, gallbladder and urinary stones treatment with herbal and allopathic medicine: A review Alok S, Jain SK, Verma A, Kumar M, Sabharwal M Asian Pac J Trop Dis 01-Dec-2013
PMCID:PMC4027340
doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60107-3
A meta-analysis of association between acne ulgaris and Demodex infestation Zhao YE, Hu L, Wu LP, Ma JX J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 01-Mar-2012
PMCID:PMC3296070
doi:10.1631/jzus.B1100285
PMID:22374611
Three new friedelane lactones from the bark of gynocardia odorata (flacourtiaceae) B.P. Pradhan, A. Hassan, J.N. Shoolery Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
Diterpenoid lactones from the roots of Gynocardia odorata Bhim P. Pradhan, Satyajit Chakraborty, Rajat K. Ghosh, Animesh Roy Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
(1R,2R,5R,8S,11S,12R)-12-methyl-6-methylidene-14-oxapentacyclo[10.3.3.15,8.01,11.02,8]nonadecan-13-one 11012038 Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1CCC45C3CCC(C4)C(=C)C5)COC2=O 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
(1R,2R,5R,8S,11S,12R)-6,12-dimethyl-14-oxapentacyclo[10.3.3.15,8.01,11.02,8]nonadec-6-en-13-one 15226632 Click to see CC1=CC23CCC4C5(CCCC4(C2CCC1C3)COC5=O)C 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
12-Methyl-6-methylidene-14-oxapentacyclo[10.3.3.15,8.01,11.02,8]nonadecan-13-one 85366146 Click to see 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
6-Hydroxy-6,12-dimethyl-14-oxapentacyclo[10.3.3.15,8.01,11.02,8]nonadecan-13-one 5318392 Click to see 318.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
6,12-Dimethyl-14-oxapentacyclo[10.3.3.15,8.01,11.02,8]nonadec-6-en-13-one 163019708 Click to see 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
Tripterifordin 72369 Click to see 318.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,4S,5S,9R,10S,13S,14R,15S,17R,22R)-4,9,10,14,17,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[13.7.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosane-8,23-dione 21636459 Click to see 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
(1S,2S,5S,6R,10S,11S,13R,14S,15S,20R)-5,6,11,14,17,17,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosane-7,23-dione 163046416 Click to see 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
(1S,2S,5S,6R,7R,10S,11S,13R,14S,15R,20R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,11,14,17,17,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosan-23-one 101326879 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
(1S,2S,5S,6R,7R,10S,11S,13R,14S,15S,20R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,11,14,17,17,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosan-23-one 162978097 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
(3R,4R,4aS,6aS,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-hexadecahydropicene-6a-carboxylic acid 163061242 Click to see 458.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
(4aR,6aS,6aS,6bS,8aS,9R,10R,12aS,14aS,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,4a,6a,8a,9,14a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6b,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14b-hexadecahydropicene-6a-carboxylic acid 102239705 Click to see 458.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
(5,6,11,14,17,17,20-Heptamethyl-23-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosan-7-yl) acetate 162932601 Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CC4C5(C3(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C)C(=O)O4)C)C)C)OC(=O)C 498.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
[(1S,2S,5S,6R,7R,10S,11S,13R,14S,15S,20R)-5,6,11,14,17,17,20-heptamethyl-23-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosan-7-yl] acetate 162932602 Click to see 498.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
3-Hydroxy-4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-hexadecahydropicene-6a-carboxylic acid 14110791 Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)O 458.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
4,9,10,14,17,20,20-Heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[13.7.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosane-8,23-dione 73817659 Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC45C3(C(CC6(C4CC(CC6)(C)C)C)OC5=O)C)C)C 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
5,6,11,14,17,17,20-Heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosane-7,23-dione 3934363 Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CC4C5(C3(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C)C(=O)O4)C)C)C 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
7-Hydroxy-5,6,11,14,17,17,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tetracosan-23-one 162978096 Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CC4C5(C3(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C)C(=O)O4)C)C)C)O 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
Odolactone 5458998 Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CC4C5(C3(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C)C(=O)O4)C)C)C 454.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
Trichadenic acid B 627906 Click to see 458.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
5-hydroxy-2-[16-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,5,6,12,14,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-5-propan-2-yl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyheptanoic acid 162930448 Click to see 815.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80048-4
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G

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