Paris quadrifolia
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401fabd374b595315219 |
| Scientific name | Paris quadrifolia |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 367 (1753) |
Description Top
Suggest a correction or write a new one!
Paris quadrifolia, also known as the herb Paris or true lover's knot, is a flowering plant found in temperate and cool regions of Eurasia. It prefers damp and shady areas with calcareous soils, such as old woods and stream banks. Unfortunately, this plant is in decline in Europe due to loss of habitat and is on the red list in Iceland. P. quadrifolia is a perennial herb with four leaves arranged in opposing pairs and wispy, inconspicuous flowers that bloom in June and July. The flower has four narrow greenish petals, four green sepals, eight golden yellow stamens, and a round purple to red ovary. It produces a single, poisonous berry that is rarely mistaken for a bilberry due to its repulsive taste.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Paris trifolia | P.Renault | Fl. Orne : 26 (1804) |
| Paris pentafolia | P.Renault | Fl. Orne : 26 (1804) |
| Paris quadrifolia var. angustiovata | D.Z.Ma & H.L.Liu | Fl. Ningxiaensis 2: 523 (1988 publ. 1990) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | true lover's knot |
| English | herb-paris |
| English | herb paris |
| Spanish | yerba paris |
| Spanish | yerba de paris |
| Spanish | uvas de raposa |
| Spanish | hierba de pares |
| Spanish | hierba de paris |
| Spanish | hierba de parís |
| Spanish | manzano de la discordia |
| Spanish | uva de oso |
| Spanish | uva de rabosa |
| Spanish | uva de raposa |
| Spanish | uva de zorra |
| Spanish | uva de zorro |
| Spanish | uvas de oso |
| Spanish | uvas de zorro |
| Arabic | حشيشة باريس |
| Arabic | عشبة باريس |
| Belarusian | Мудранка чатырохлістая |
| Bulgarian | вранско око |
| Czech | vraní oko čtyřlisté |
| Welsh | cwlwm cariad |
| Welsh | pedair dalen |
| Welsh | llysiau ungronyn |
| Welsh | gwir gwlwm cariad |
| Welsh | croeslys |
| Welsh | croeswerdd |
| Welsh | gwir gariad |
| Welsh | gwirgariad |
| Danish | almindelig firblad |
| German | einbeere |
| German | vierblättrige einbeere |
| Estonian | ussilakk |
| Estonian | harilik ussilakk |
| Finnish | sudenmarja |
| Finnish | lehtosudenmarja |
| Irish | páraiséad |
| Croatian | vranino oko |
| Upper Sorbian | wšědna štwórica |
| Hungarian | farkasszőlő |
| Armenian | լողարի |
| Armenian | Ագռավաչք քառատերև |
| Armenian | աղվեսախաղող |
| Armenian | պարիսպախոտ |
| Icelandic | ferlaufungur |
| Kazakh | Кәдімгі қарғакөз |
| Lithuanian | keturlapė vilkauogė |
| Latvian | Četrlapu čūskoga |
| Macedonian | четирилисно гавранско око |
| Macedonian | четирилистен Петров крст |
| myv | Ниле лопасо варакань сельметикше |
| Norwegian Bokmål | firblad |
| Dutch | eenbes |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | firblad |
| Polish | czworolist pospolity |
| Russian | Вороний глаз четырёхлистный |
| se | dierbmámuorji |
| Samogitian | gīvatougė |
| Slovak | vranovec štvorlistý |
| smn | kuumpimyerji |
| Swedish | ormbär |
| Ukrainian | Вороняче око звичайне |
| Chinese | 四叶重楼 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
| hydrophilic, grow seedlings at a cool temperature |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
China
- Inner Mongolia
- Manchuria
- Xinjiang
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Buryatiya
- Chita
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
- Tuva
- West Siberia
- Yakutskiya
-
Western Asia
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Iceland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000715208 |
| UNII | P74ECL0N75 |
| UNII | PME3ETQ5WQ |
| Tropicos | 18400307 |
| INPN | 112421 |
| Flora of Italy | 6960 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:539724-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-283886 |
| PFAF | Paris quadrifolia |
| Open Tree Of Life | 217777 |
| Observations.org | 2666 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 231488 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000002190 |
| IPNI | 539724-1 |
| iNaturalist | 123666 |
| GBIF | 5295911 |
| Freebase | /m/05cj38 |
| EPPO | PJRQU |
| EOL | 1014869 |
| Elurikkus | 6115 |
| USDA GRIN | 410335 |
| Wikipedia | Paris_quadrifolia |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| 2beta,3beta,5beta,14,20,22R,25-Heptahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one | 441833 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C4(C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)O)C1(CCC2C(C)(C(CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O | 496.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574363 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |