Verbena hastata
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff06a22e54471028054 |
| Scientific name | Verbena hastata |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 20 (1753) |
Description Top
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American vervain (Verbena hastata) is a perennial flowering plant in the vervain family Verbenaceae. It is native to the United States and Canada, and grows in wet meadows, wet river bottomlands, stream banks, slough peripheries, fields and waste areas. It has stiffly erect stems that can reach up to 1.5 m tall, with opposite, simple leaves up to 15 cm long and 3 cm across. The inflorescence is a panicle of densely packed, 5-lobed flowers that are violet or deep purple, rarely white. It contains various phytochemicals, including Lophirone C, Lophirone B, Verbenalin, Verbascoside, Luteolin, Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid and 4,9-dihydroxy-α-lapachone. It is a larval host to the common buckeye butterfly, the verbena moth, and the verbena bud moth.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Verbena hastata f. albiflora | Moldenke | Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 752 (1940) |
| Verbena hastata f. caerulea | Moldenke | Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 490 (1964) |
| Verbena hastata var. oblongifolia | Nutt. | Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 40 (1818) |
| Verbena hastata var. paniculata | Farw. | Rep. (Annual) Commiss. Parks Boulevards Detroit 11: 82 (1900) |
| Verbena hastata var. pinnatifida | (Lam.) Pursh | Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 416 (1814) |
| Verbena hastata var. rosea | N.Coleman | Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan 2: 28 (1874) |
| Verbena hastata f. rosea | R.H.Cheney | Rhodora 4: 245 (1902) |
| Verbena hastata var. scabra | Moldenke | Phytologia 9: 283 (1963) |
| Verbena paniculata | Poir. | Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 8: 548. 1808 [22 Aug 1808] |
| Verbena paniculata var. pinnatifida | (Lam.) Schauer | Prodr. 11: 546 (1847) |
| Verbena pinnatifida | Lam. | Tabl. Encycl. 1: 57 (1791) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | swamp verbena |
| Swedish | blåverbena |
| Chinese | 多穗马鞭草 |
| Chinese | 戟形马鞭草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow at 4°C for 3 weeks, then increase to 20°C. |
| Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Europe click to expand
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Middle Europe
- Austria
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Northern Europe
- Great Britain
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Middle Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Québec
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Minnesota
- Missouri
- Nebraska
- North Dakota
- Oklahoma
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
- Idaho
- Montana
- Oregon
- Washington
- Wyoming
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South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Delaware
- District Of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- Arizona
- California
- Utah
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Western Canada
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
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Eastern Canada
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Southern America click to expand
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Caribbean
- Jamaica
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Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000331939 |
| UNII | WVX8115RF9 |
| Flora of Alabama | 3695 |
| Canadensys | 9462 |
| USDA Plants | VEHA2 |
| Tropicos | 33700018 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865207-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-212339 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 287444 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 186865 |
| Observations.org | 26412 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 443381 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0200003771 |
| Nature Serve | 2.154152 |
| IPNI | 865207-1 |
| iNaturalist | 60251 |
| GBIF | 2925527 |
| Freebase | /m/03d3cp3 |
| WisFlora | 5341 |
| EPPO | VEBHA |
| EOL | 582400 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 8232 |
| USDA GRIN | 41157 |
| Wikipedia | Verbena_hastata |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Hastatoside | 92043450 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2(C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 404.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19830001943 |
| Methyl 1-(hexopyranosyloxy)-4a-hydroxy-7-methyl-5-oxo-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 599030 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2(C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 404.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19830001943 |
| Verbenalin | 73467 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 388.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.2307/1219790 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19830001943 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |