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Veronicastrum virginicum

Veronicastrum virginicum - Unknown
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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffb5c831a2103074186
Scientific name Veronicastrum virginicum
Authority (L.) Farw.
First published in Druggists' Circ. 61: 231 (1917)

Description Top

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Veronicastrum virginicum, also known as Culver's root, is a perennial flowering plant native to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. It can grow up to 200 cm tall and has slender racemes of white, pink, or purple flowers in the summer. The plant is named after Dr. Culver, a pioneer physician who used its roots for medicinal purposes. It is commonly found in wet prairies and is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate gardens. The plant is easy to grow and maintain, and its cultivars have received awards for their beauty. The larvae of the Culver's root borer moth feed on this plant.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Veronicastrum diversifolium Moench Suppl. Meth. : 158 (1802)
Veronicastrum rubellum Moench Methodus : 437 (1794)
Veronica quinquefolia Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 28 (1812)
Veronicastrum album Moench Methodus : 437 (1794)
Veronica virginica L. Sp. Pl. : 9 (1753)
Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 7 (1818)
Leptandra alba Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 21 (1830)
Leptandra purpurea (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 20 (1830)
Leptandra oppositifolia Raf. New Fl. 2: 21 (1837)
Leptandra caerulea Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 21 (1830)
Paederota virginica (L.) Torr. Fl. New York 2: 44 (1843)
Calistachya alba Raf. Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5: 352 (1808)
Callistachya virginica (L.) Raf. Med. Repos. 5: 60 (1808)
Callistachya virginica var. lanceolata Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 176 (1916)
Callistachya virginica var. purpurea (Raf.) Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 177 (1916)
Eustachya alba Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 14. 1824
Eustachya coerulea Raf. ex A.DC. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 464. 1846 [8 Apr 1846]
Eustachya purpurea Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 190 (1819)
Eustaxia alba Raf. Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
Eustaxia japonica Raf. Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
Eustaxia purpurea (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
Eustaxia sibirica Raf. Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
Veronicastrum virginicum f. villosa Pennell Rhodora 23: 6 (1921)
Leptandra villosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 21 (1830)
Veronica virginica f. purpurea (Pursh ex Eaton) Fosberg Castanea 20: 59. 1955
Veronicastrum virginicum f. roseum Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 370. 1920
Eustachya villosa (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 56. 1838 [dt. 1836; issued mid-1838] (as Eustaxia villosa)
Veronica virginica var. hirsuta N.Coleman Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Peninsula Michigan 27. 1874 Kent. Sci. Inst., Misc. Publ 2
Veronicastrum virginicum var. lanceolatum (Farw.) Farw. Druggists' Circ. 61: 231. 1917 [May 1917]
Veronicastrum virginicum var. purpureum (Pursh ex Eaton) Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 188. 1919 [dt. 1918; issued 22 Nov 1919]
Leptandra virginica var. incarnata G.Don Gen. Hist. 4(1): 579. 1837 (as L. virginicus var. incarnatus)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English culver's root
Arabic الجذر الأسود
Czech rozrazil virginský
Finnish virginiantädykkö
Polish przetacznikowiec wirginijski
Russian Вероникаструм виргинский
Swedish kransveronika
Chinese 弗吉尼亚腹水草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow at 4°C for 3 weeks, then increase to 20°C.
Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.
Requires Scarification: Scarification involves physically breaking, scratching, or softening the seed coat to allow water absorption and germination to occur. This can be done by nicking the seed coat with a knife or rubbing the seeds between sheets of sandpaper.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Western Canada
      • Manitoba

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000425146
UNII 1RA4P35F0I
Florida Plant Atlas 1060
Flora of Alabama 3519
Canadensys 7348
USDA Plants VEVI4
Tropicos 29200249
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:264772-2
The Plant List kew-2461992
Plantarium 44658
Missouri Botanical Garden 287000
Open Tree Of Life 930105
NCBI Taxonomy 165346
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0200003794
Nature Serve 2.138942
IPNI 264772-2
iNaturalist 141767
GBIF 3172206
Freebase /m/027xvh0
WisFlora 5366
EPPO VEKVI
EOL 578074
USDA GRIN 400612
Wikipedia Veronicastrum_virginicum
CMAUP NPO21969

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Veronicastrum wulingense (Plantaginaceae), a new species from Southwestern Hubei, China Ding SX, Jiang H, Tian J, Ren J, Mutie FM, Waswa EN, Hu GW, Wang QF Bot Stud 01-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9889593
doi:10.1186/s40529-023-00367-y
PMID:36720741
Seed Dormancy Class and Ecophysiological Features of Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) Native to the Korea Peninsula Jang GH, Chung JM, Rhie YH, Lee SY Plants (Basel) 07-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8779759
doi:10.3390/plants11020160
PMID:35050048
Molecular and Morphological Data Improve the Classification of Plantagineae (Lamiales) Shipunov A, Fernández-Alonso JL, Hassemer G, Alp S, Lee HJ, Pay K Plants (Basel) 26-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8625185
doi:10.3390/plants10112299
PMID:34834664
Technologies Employed in the Treatment of Water Contaminated with Glyphosate: A Review Espinoza-Montero PJ, Vega-Verduga C, Alulema-Pullupaxi P, Fernández L, Paz JL Molecules 26-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7730355
doi:10.3390/molecules25235550
PMID:33256069
Landscape simplification shapes pathogen prevalence in plant-pollinator networks Figueroa LL, Grab H, Ng WH, Myers CR, Graystock P, McFrederick QS, McArt SH Ecol Lett 28-Apr-2020
PMCID:PMC7340580
doi:10.1111/ele.13521
PMID:32347001
Landscape context shifts the balance of costs and benefits from wildflower borders on multiple ecosystem services Grab H, Poveda K, Danforth B, Loeb G Proc Biol Sci 01-Aug-2018
PMCID:PMC6111170
doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1102
PMID:30068682
Ecology of Floristic Quality Assessment: testing for correlations between coefficients of conservatism, species traits and mycorrhizal responsiveness Bauer JT, Koziol L, Bever JD AoB Plants 21-Dec-2017
PMCID:PMC5778608
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx073
PMID:29383232
Evolution and ecology of plant architecture: integrating insights from the fossil record, extant morphology, developmental genetics and phylogenies Chomicki G, Coiro M, Renner SS Ann Bot 19-Nov-2017
PMCID:PMC5710528
doi:10.1093/aob/mcx113
PMID:29165551
Macronutrient ratios in pollen shape bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) foraging strategies and floral preferences Vaudo AD, Patch HM, Mortensen DA, Tooker JF, Grozinger CM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 28-Jun-2016
PMCID:PMC4948365
doi:10.1073/pnas.1606101113
PMID:27357683
Predicting plant attractiveness to pollinators with passive crowdsourcing Bahlai CA, Landis DA R Soc Open Sci 01-Jun-2016
PMCID:PMC4929897
doi:10.1098/rsos.150677
PMID:27429762
Genotypic diversity effects on biomass production in native perennial bioenergy cropping systems Morris GP, Hu Z, Grabowski PP, Borevitz JO, de Graaff M, Miller RM, Jastrow JD Glob Change Biol Bioenergy 10-Jan-2016
PMCID:PMC5019262
doi:10.1111/gcbb.12309
PMID:27668013
Relative Roles of Soil Moisture, Nutrient Supply, Depth, and Mechanical Impedance in Determining Composition and Structure of Wisconsin Prairies Wernerehl RW, Givnish TJ PLoS One 14-Sep-2015
PMCID:PMC4569388
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137963
PMID:26368936
Phylogenetic trait-based analyses of ecological networks Rafferty NE, Ives AR Ecology 01-Oct-2013
PMCID:PMC3874136
doi:10.1890/12-1948.1
PMID:24358717
Supporting crop pollinators with floral resources: network-based phenological matching Russo L, DeBarros N, Yang S, Shea K, Mortensen D Ecol Evol 02-Aug-2013
PMCID:PMC3790556
doi:10.1002/ece3.703
PMID:24101999
How a Plant Builds Leaves Braybrook SA, Kuhlemeier C Plant Cell 27-Apr-2010
PMCID:PMC2879743
doi:10.1105/tpc.110.073924
PMID:20424178

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Eupatin 5317287 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O)O 360.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 11968829 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC(=C(C2=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O 494.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl] sulfate 21676165 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC(=C(C2=O)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O 411.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Centaureidin 5315773 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)OC)O 360.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Desmethoxycentaureidin 5469524 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)O 330.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Hispidulin 5281628 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Artemetin 5320351 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)OC 388.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Casticin 5315263 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)O 374.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Eupatorin 97214 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O 344.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Salvigenin 161271 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database

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