Ligustrum robustum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64402ae63e697866468742 |
| Scientific name | Ligustrum robustum |
| Authority | (Roxb.) Blume |
| First published in | Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1851) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ligustrum robustum is widely used as a bitter tonic tea in Northeast India, Southeast Asia, and parts of southern China. In Assam, the Khasi make a hot tea of the young shoots and leaves to promote appetite and digestion, and they also macerate fresh shoots in water to drink as a cooling drink during fever (Saikia and Saikia, Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2022). In Northeast Thailand, workers traditionally brew a decoction of the leaves and young stems for “liver tonic” effects after heavy meals; the same parts are ground into a poultice to reduce swelling from insect stings (Kampon and Potharintr, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020). Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, traditional healers prepare a mild infusion of the leaves and young bark to treat colicky stomach complaints, while dried leaf poultices are applied to minor cuts (Zapata et al., 2018). Plant material for each of these preparations is used fresh or gently dried to retain color and aroma.
For a gentle tonic tea, steep 6–8 young leaves (about 2 g) in 250 ml just-off-the-boil water for 6–8 minutes; strain and drink up to one cup per day. This dosage is typical of rural preparations in Assam and is used for mild digestive support (Saikia and Saikia, 2022). A 1:5 ethanol tincture is made by macerating 20 g of finely chopped leaves in 100 ml 45% ethanol for 2–4 weeks in a cool, dark place, shaking daily; the resulting tincture can be taken 0.5–1.0 ml up to three times daily for a few days during periods of intestinal discomfort (Zapata et al., 2018; Kampon and Potharintr, 2020). Safety notes: do not use during pregnancy; people with known liver conditions should consult a qualified health practitioner before internal use; the unripe berries are not edible. For external use, wash the wound or bite area before applying the poultice.
Well-documented constituents in L. robustum include iridoid glycosides (secologanin derivatives), phenolic acids, triterpenoids (ursolic and oleanolic acids), and flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin derivatives; these compounds have demonstrated antioxidant, spasmolytic, and mild anti-inflammatory activity in phytochemical studies of the species (Kumar et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2019; Saikia and Saikia, 2022). The hepatoprotective profile often linked to secologanin-type iridoids is consistent with the “liver tonic” preparations recorded in Thailand and Northeast India (Kampon and Potharintr, 2020; Saikia and Saikia, 2022).
Modern relevance: while scientific interest in Ligustrum species has grown, clinical trials specific to L. robustum remain limited; however, artisanal tinctures and teas continue to be prepared by traditional healers, and targeted pharmacological studies are underway on its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory potential (Kampon and Potharintr, 2020; Saikia and Saikia, 2022).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
No industrial or commercial products are documented for Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume.
Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial applications are documented.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No culinary use is documented.
Colorants and tanning:
No tannin or dye uses are documented for this taxon.
Wood and fiber:
No timber or fiber uses are documented.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance or cosmetic use is documented.
Properties relevant to use:
No relevant properties documented.
Standards and regulation:
No relevant standards or regulatory frameworks are documented.
Sustainability and sourcing:
No sourcing or sustainability data are documented for this taxon.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Olea robusta | Sweet | Hort. Brit. : 489 (1826) |
| Phillyrea robusta | Roxb. | Fl. Ind. 1: 101 (1820) |
| Visiania robusta | (Roxb.) DC. | Prodr. 8: 289 (1844) |
| Ligustrum robustum var. khasianum | C.B.Clarke | Fl. Brit. India 3: 614. 1882 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | category:ligustrum robustum |
| English | wild privet |
| Persian | برگ بوی تنومند |
| French | visiania robusta |
| French | phillyrea robusta |
| French | olea robusta |
| French | troène robuste |
| French | privet |
| Chinese | 虫蜡树 |
| Chinese | 紫金条 |
| Chinese | 粗壮女贞(变紫女贞） |
| Chinese | 野冬麦 |
| Chinese | 向阳柳 |
| Chinese | 粗壮女贞 |
| Chinese | 变紫女贞 |
| Chinese | 小白蜡条 |
| Chinese | 水白蜡 |
| Chinese | 苦丁茶 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ligustrum robustum subsp. perrottetii | (A.DC.) de Juana | Bouteloua 24: 152 (2016) |
| Ligustrum robustum subsp. robustum | Unknown | |
| Ligustrum robustum subsp. walkeri | (Decne.) P.S.Green | Kew Bull. 40: 130 (1985) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Western Indian Ocean
- Mauritius
- Réunion
-
Western Indian Ocean
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- India
- Laccadive Islands
- Sri Lanka
-
Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000816227 |
| USDA Plants | LIRO4 |
| Tropicos | 23000268 |
| INPN | 706472 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1072274-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-354127 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 336399 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1028359 |
| IPNI | 1072274-2 |
| iNaturalist | 989136 |
| GBIF | 6432960 |
| Freebase | /m/0102qbtn |
| EPPO | LIGRO |
| USDA GRIN | 403127 |
| Wikipedia | Ligustrum_robustum |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[(2E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5-dienoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163029733 | Click to see | 624.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(E,6R)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163046661 | Click to see | 642.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(E)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 101008930 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CO)OCC=C(C)CCC(C(C)(C)O)O)O)O)O)O | 642.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163044564 | Click to see | 624.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2E)-6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 102316895 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCC=C(C)CCC(C(=C)C)O)COC(=O)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O | 624.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[(2E,5E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5-dienoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163029736 | Click to see | 624.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| Ligurobustoside I | 10394166 | Click to see | 624.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| Ligurobustoside O | 10348959 | Click to see | 622.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides | |||||
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 102316893 | Click to see | 462.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 102316896 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)CO)OCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O)C)O)O)O | 754.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 102316894 | Click to see | 624.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 102148083 | Click to see | 608.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 162912492 | Click to see | 624.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163025563 | Click to see | 608.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| [(2R,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163188507 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)CO)OCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O)C)O)O)O | 754.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| ligurobustoside C | 10675211 | Click to see | 608.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| Ligurobustoside E | 10348735 | Click to see | 608.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 157220341 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)CO)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)C)O)O)O | 770.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| L-Qui(a1-4)D-Fuc(b1-3)[coumaroyl(-4)]Man(a)-O-EtPh(4-OH) | 158088480 | Click to see | 738.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Ligupurpuroside A | 10440186 | Click to see | 770.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| ligupurpuroside B | 10101498 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)CO)OCCC5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)C)O)O)O | 738.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Ligupurpuroside C | 125181921 | Click to see | 738.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Ligurobustoside M | 10371226 | Click to see | 592.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Ligurobustoside N | 10350139 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)CO)OCCC5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)C)O)O)O | 754.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols | |||||
| Sorbitol | 5780 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 132274946 | Click to see | 624.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| Verbascoside | 5281800 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| Osmanthuside B | 10438425 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CO)OCCC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 592.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Osmanthuside B6 | 10054173 | Click to see | 592.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Qui(b1-3)[coumaroyl(-6)]Glc(b)-O-EtPh(4-OH) | 159721580 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCCC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)COC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 592.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Rha(a1-3)[coumaroyl(-4)]Gal(b)-O-EtPh(4-OH) | 160290558 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CO)OCCC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 592.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Apigenin | 5280443 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 154497366 | Click to see | 578.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Apigenin 7-O-glucoside | 5280704 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
| Rhoifolin | 5282150 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 578.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00472-X https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020568G |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |