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Premna herbacea

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe8f63b644811360327
Scientific name Premna herbacea
Authority Roxb.
First published in Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 80 (1832)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Scientific and model organism uses:
- Leaf and young shoot material from mature populations has been collected and archived in regional herbaria and incorporated into floras and checklists for northeastern India, serving as voucher specimens for taxonomic studies and biodiversity documentation (Flora of India; Fauna & Flora International–Arunachal Pradesh checklists). No specialized molecular or genome database is explicitly associated with this taxon.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Stems and branches are used as fuelwood (including charcoal) and as a source of small-diameter poles for rural construction (Fauna & Flora International–Arunachal Pradesh ethnobotanical documentation). Lignocellulosic attributes typical of Verbenaceae wood (moderate density and straightforward combustion) are inferred but not quantitatively documented for this species.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Fresh young leaves are consumed as a leafy vegetable in Arunachal Pradesh; collection typically involves stripping from tender shoots (Fauna & Flora International–Arunachal Pradesh; Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Northeast India). No detailed nutritional profile or post-harvest processing protocols are reported.

Colorants and tanning:
- No verifiable reports identified.

Wood and fiber:
- Stem wood is employed for fuelwood/poles and occasionally as small timber; bast fiber utilization is not specifically documented for this species (Arunachal Pradesh ethnobotanical sources). Wood density and durability data are not available.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- No verifiable reports identified.

Properties relevant to use:
- Fuelwood: high calorific value typical of small-diameter, dense tropical hardwoods enables direct combustion and charcoal production; quantitative measurements are not reported. Culinary use: tender shoots and young leaves are palatable and traditionally collected before maturation (contextual cooking notes; no nutritional or safety data provided).

Standards and regulation:
- No species-specific standards identified; general food safety and forest product regulations at national/state level apply where relevant.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Collected from wild populations in the Eastern Himalayas (Arunachal Pradesh and neighboring regions). No cultivation protocols or regeneration rates are documented; sustainability guidance for wild collection is not specified in cited references.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Premna acaulis (F.Muell.) Merr. J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 75 (1951)
Premna angustifolia H.J.Lam Verben. Malay. Archip. : 118 (1919)
Premna obovata Merr. J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 77 (1951)
Premna sessilifolia H.J.Lam Verben. Malay. Archip. : 133 (1919)
Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke Phytologia 2: 54 (1941)
Pygmaeopremna humilis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 225 (1910)
Pygmaeopremna nana (Collett & Hemsl.) Moldenke Known Geogr. Distr. Verbenac. Avicenn. : 78 (1942)
Pygmaeopremna sessilifolia (H.J.Lam) Moldenke Known Geogr. Distr. Verbenac. Avicenn. : 78 (1942)
Pygmaeopremna acaulis (F.Muell.) Moldenke Phytologia 2: 54. 1941 (1941)
Tatea acaulis F.Muell. Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia , prepr. 6: 34 (1883)
Tatea herbacea (Roxb.) Junell Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4: 85 (1934)
Tatea humilis (Merr.) Junell Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4: 85 (1934)
Tatea subacaulis F.Muell. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 6: 34 (1883)
Pygmaeopremna herbacea var. thailandica Moldenke Phytologia 7: 84. 1959
Gumira herbacea Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Thai หัวฆ้อนกระแต
Chinese 千解草
Chinese 细三对节
Chinese 细八棱马
Chinese 草臭黄荆
Chinese 細八棱馬

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000282650
Tropicos 50272928
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:864273-1
The Plant List kew-164968
Open Tree Of Life 6085173
NCBI Taxonomy 2185217
IPNI 864273-1
iNaturalist 947661
GBIF 3897506
USDA GRIN 428198

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Various Biological Sources and Its Biomedical Applications Karunakaran G, Sudha KG, Ali S, Cho EB Molecules 02-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10254633
doi:10.3390/molecules28114527
PMID:37299004
Radical oxygen species: an important breakthrough point for botanical drugs to regulate oxidative stress and treat the disorder of glycolipid metabolism Luo M, Zheng Y, Tang S, Gu L, Zhu Y, Ying R, Liu Y, Ma J, Guo R, Gao P, Zhang C Front Pharmacol 12-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10213330
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1166178
PMID:37251336
Natural Products as Outstanding Alternatives in Diabetes Mellitus: A Patent Review Rodríguez IA, Serafini M, Alves IA, Lang KL, Silva FR, Aragón DM Pharmaceutics 27-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9867152
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15010085
PMID:36678714
Inventorization and Consensus Analysis of Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Knowledge Among the Local People in Eastern India: Perception, Cultural Significance, and Resilience Mandal SK, Rahaman CH Front Pharmacol 29-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9099233
doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.861577
PMID:35571138
Increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and enhancement of the IgG response in rats orally administered with a polyherbal formulation Ranaweera BV, Edward D, Abeysekera AM, Weerasena OV, Handunnetti SM J Ayurveda Integr Med 19-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8814394
doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2021.09.006
PMID:35063357
A Review on Plants and Microorganisms Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Role of Plants Metabolites and Applications Mustapha T, Misni N, Ithnin NR, Daskum AM, Unyah NZ Int J Environ Res Public Health 07-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8775445
doi:10.3390/ijerph19020674
PMID:35055505
Lamiaceae in Mexican Species, a Great but Scarcely Explored Source of Secondary Metabolites with Potential Pharmacological Effects in Pain Relief Hernandez-Leon A, Moreno-Pérez GF, Martínez-Gordillo M, Aguirre-Hernández E, Valle-Dorado MG, Díaz-Reval MI, González-Trujano ME, Pellicer F Molecules 16-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8705283
doi:10.3390/molecules26247632
PMID:34946714
Plant-based green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its effective role in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants Alabdallah NM, Hasan MM Saudi J Biol Sci 04-Jun-2021
PMCID:PMC8459083
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.081
PMID:34588874
Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs by Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Novel Anticancer Therapeutic Approach Kalhori MR, Khodayari H, Khodayari S, Vesovic M, Jackson G, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A Cancers (Basel) 13-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8001769
doi:10.3390/cancers13061274
PMID:33805687
An evidence based efficacy and safety assessment of the ethnobiologicals against poisonous and non-poisonous bites used by the tribals of three westernmost districts of West Bengal, India: Anti-phospholipase A2 and genotoxic effects Modak BK, Gorai P, Pandey DK, Dey A, Malik T PLoS One 30-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7703885
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242944
PMID:33253320
Efficacy and safety of two Ayurvedic dosage forms for allergic rhinitis: Study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial Dahanayake JM, Perera PK, Galappaththy P, Samaranayake D Trials 07-Jan-2020
PMCID:PMC6947868
doi:10.1186/s13063-019-4004-1
PMID:31910896
Comparative Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Tamalakyadi Decoction with Its Modified Dosage Forms Dahanayake JM, Perera PK, Galappatty P, Perera HD, Arawwawala LD Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 02-May-2019
PMCID:PMC6521515
doi:10.1155/2019/6037137
PMID:31186663
Evaluation of the In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Potentials of Sudarshana Powder Weerakoon WA, Perera PK, Gunasekera D, Suresh TS Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 10-Apr-2018
PMCID:PMC5914117
doi:10.1155/2018/6743862
PMID:29849719
Hypoglycaemic activity of Mathurameha, a Thai traditional herbal formula aqueous extract, and its effect on biochemical profiles of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats Chayarop K, Peungvicha P, Temsiririrkkul R, Wongkrajang Y, Chuakul W, Rojsanga P BMC Complement Altern Med 29-Jun-2017
PMCID:PMC5492915
doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1851-8
PMID:28662699
Fabrication, optimization, and characterization of noble silver nanoparticles from sugarcane leaf (Saccharum officinarum) extract for antifungal application Velu M, Lee JH, Chang WS, Lovanh N, Park YJ, Jayanthi P, Palanivel V, Oh BT 3 Biotech 08-Jun-2017
PMCID:PMC5465045
doi:10.1007/s13205-017-0749-y
PMID:28597158

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
7-Hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-3-propan-2-ylanthracene-1,2,6-trione 135545140 Click to see CC1=C2C(=CC3=C1C=C(C(=O)C3(C)C)O)C=C(C(=O)C2=O)C(C)C 324.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80292-9
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1318
> Benzenoids / Phenalanes
4,9-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2H-phenalen-1-one 14807773 Click to see 284.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84156-M
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(4aR)-5-hydroxy-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,6-dione 56659752 Click to see 312.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.05.109
2,5-Dihydroxy-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,6-dione 76389434 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CC=C3C(C(C(=O)CC3(C2=C(C1=O)O)C)O)(C)C 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.05.109
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80638-9
5,6-dihydroxy-1,1,10a-trimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2H-phenanthren-3-one 11347486 Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3(C2=CC(=O)CC3(C)C)C)O)O 312.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730225
6-Hydroxy-1,1,4A-trimethyl-7-(propan-2-YL)-1,2,3,4,4A,9,10,10A-octahydrophenanthren-9-one 275529 Click to see 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50063A018
8,8,8a-trimethyl-2-propan-2-yl-7H-phenanthrene-3,4,6-trione 10968926 Click to see 310.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730225
Ferruginol 442027 Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O 286.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80633-4
Isobharangin 56659753 Click to see 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.05.109
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80638-9
Pygmaeocin B 14565522 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C3=CC(=O)CC(C3(C=C2)C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=O 310.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730225
Pygmaeocin C 14565523 Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3(C2=CC(=O)CC3(C)C)C)O)O 312.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730225
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones
(3S)-13,14-dihydroxy-3,6,6-trimethyl-12-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradeca-1(14),7,10,12-tetraene-5,9-dione 162858658 Click to see 330.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.12.004
(3S)-14,15-dihydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,11,13-tetraene-5,10-dione 162953007 Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2CC3(C(=CC(=O)C2=C1)C(CC(=O)O3)(C)C)C)O)O 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.12.004
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Delta valerolactones
(3R)-15-hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-5,14-dione 53364007 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CC=C3C(CC(=O)OC3(CC2=C(C1=O)O)C)(C)C 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.05.109
(3R)-15-hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-5-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-4,14-dione 53364008 Click to see 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.05.109
(3S)-15-hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-5,14-dione 162869530 Click to see 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80135-3
10-Hydroxy-8-isopropyl-4,4,11a-trimethyl-3,4,11,11a-tetrahydrobenzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyran-2,9-dione 363974 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CC=C3C(CC(=O)OC3(CC2=C(C1=O)O)C)(C)C 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80066-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.12.004
15-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-5,14-dione 162869529 Click to see 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80135-3
Bharangin 194464 Click to see 328.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.12.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80066-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
3,3,4-trimethyl-7-propan-2-ylbenzo[f][1]benzofuran-2,5,6-trione 14104680 Click to see 298.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80633-4
4-Hydroxy-9,11,11-trimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-6,13-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.05,16.010,14]hexadeca-1,3,5(16)-triene-7,12,15-trione 494855 Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)C4C(C3(CC(=O)O2)C)C(C(=O)O4)(C)C)O 358.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50063A018
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
3,3,4-Trimethyl-7-propan-2-ylfuro[2,3-g]chromene-2,6-dione 162935088 Click to see 286.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962333

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