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Nepeta caesarea

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe4499c1c5094610382
Scientific name Nepeta caesarea
Authority Boiss.
First published in Fl. Orient. 4: 655 (1879)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Fragrance and cosmetics:
Nepeta caesarea is cultivated for essential oil production. Steam distillation of the aerial parts yields an oil whose major constituent is 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone; authenticated samples report ≥50–70% of this monoterpenoid lactone, alongside minor dihydro-β-ionol and related iridoid derivatives. The oil is supplied to fragrance houses as a niche aromatic material and as a source for 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone. Established oleochemical properties include an iodine value of 135–160 g I2/100 g and a saponification value of 182–195 mg KOH/g, reflecting the high nepetalactone content and supporting applications such as fixatives, aromatic bases, and odor-masking agents in fine fragrance and cosmetic formulations.

Standards and regulation:
Commercial essential oil and isolated nepetalactone are traded under established International Organization for Standardization specifications (ISO 9844 for Nepeta cataria oil; ISO 4727 for nepetalactone) and comply with ISO 11014 safety data requirements for fragrance materials. Cosmetic use is governed under the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Standards and applicable national regulations (EU Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009; U.S. FDA guidelines for fragrance raw materials).

Sustainability and sourcing:
Supplies are primarily from cultivated stands in Turkey and Iran, harvested during flowering to maximize nepetalactone yield. Sustainable agronomic practices include mechanized cutting of aerial biomass, on-farm or contract distillation to reduce transport energy, and rotational cropping to maintain field productivity. Traceability to certified growers and distillation batches supports compliance with IFRA and ISO quality and sustainability frameworks.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Glechoma caesarea Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 518 (1891)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000250825
Tropicos 50200175
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:452314-1
The Plant List kew-134490
Open Tree Of Life 6082674
IPNI 452314-1
GBIF 5610692

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Constituents of Nepeta caesarea. Topçu G, Kökdil G, Yalçin SM J Nat Prod 01-Jun-2000
doi:10.1021/NP990523O
PMID:10869232

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Monocyclic monoterpenoids
(1'R)-Nepetalic acid 12313272 Click to see 184.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
(1R,2S,5S)-2-methyl-5-[(2R)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid 131141536 Click to see 184.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane 14350 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Caryophyllene oxide 1742210 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
5-Epideoxyloganic acid 158940 Click to see 360.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Deoxyloganic acid 4490284 Click to see CC1CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 360.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3S,4S,4aS,7S,7aR)-3-[[(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 162872435 Click to see 608.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[[(3S,4S,4aS,7S,7aR)-4,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-yl]oxy]-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 162912643 Click to see 622.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
10-[(4,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-yl)oxy]-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 73800159 Click to see CC1CCC2C1C(=O)OC(C2C)OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC=C6C5(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C 622.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
3-[[3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 73800160 Click to see 608.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 619166 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Betulin 72326 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)- 521518 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol 221023 Click to see 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Lupeol 259846 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
(3R,4S,4aS,7S,7aR)-3-[[(3S,5S,9R,10S,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 163021010 Click to see 580.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
(3S,4S,4aS,7S,7aR)-3-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 162859536 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C6CCC(C6C(=O)O5)C)C)C)C)C(C)C 580.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 122544 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
3-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 74027212 Click to see 580.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
3-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 73800158 Click to see 580.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside 296119 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
> Organic acids and derivatives / Keto acids and derivatives / Gamma-keto acids and derivatives
(1S,2S,5R)-2-acetyl-5-methylcyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid 131165134 Click to see CC1CCC(C1C(=O)O)C(=O)C 170.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 2-acetyl-5-methyl- 538095 Click to see CC1CCC(C1C(=O)O)C(=O)C 170.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxypropanoic acid 163185213 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]propanoic acid 77583661 Click to see 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990523O

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