Ajuga nipponensis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64403735b3497115853235 |
| Scientific name | Ajuga nipponensis |
| Authority | Makino |
| First published in | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 67 (1909) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
This plant does not appear to have documented, verifiable ethnobotanical preparations in published sources, so no account is provided.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Ajuga nipponensis is cultivated and marketed as a perennial ornamental groundcover. In the horticultural trade it is sold in several product forms—potted liners, plug trays, and seed‑propagated transplants—used for shade gardens, alpine rockeries, and low‑maintenance landscapes. Propagation is performed by division of mature clumps in early spring, by seed, or by tissue‑culture micropropagation for large‑scale production. Nurseries promote the species for its compact habit, semi‑evergreen foliage, and ability to establish quickly under low‑light conditions.
Industrial and craft applications:
The plant is employed as a test species in horticultural performance trials. Research institutes in Japan have used A. nipponensis to evaluate shade tolerance, drought resistance, and spreading vigor of groundcovers, providing data that guide cultivar selection for commercial landscapers. Its stable growth under controlled shade makes it a reference species for comparative studies of other Lamiaceae groundcovers, supporting the development of landscape‑design guidelines and urban‑greening standards.
Properties relevant to use:
Ajuga nipponensis forms dense mats of semi‑evergreen foliage that typically reach 5–15 cm in height and spread via stolons. The leaves are small, ovate, and retain green coloration through the growing season, offering consistent visual coverage. The plant’s low stature and tolerance of reduced light enable it to occupy ground‑level niches where taller species cannot thrive, reducing the need for frequent maintenance such as mowing or pruning.
Standards and regulation:
Commercial production follows national horticultural guidelines (e.g., Japan’s Agricultural Standards for Ornamental Plants) and international nursery‑stock quality standards such as ISO 24765 for container‑grown ornamentals. Phytosanitary export requirements are met through International Phytosanitary Certificates (IPPC) issued by the national plant protection organization. No food, timber, or industrial material regulations apply because the species is not used for those purposes.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Most commercial supply originates from cultivated nursery stock rather than wild harvest, minimizing pressure on natural populations. Propagation by division and tissue culture allows rapid scale‑up with minimal inputs, and the species’ modest water and nutrient requirements further reduce its environmental footprint. Because the plant is non‑invasive in its native range and poses no recognized threat to ecosystems, its commercial cultivation is considered sustainable under current horticultural practices.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ajuga decumbens var. typica | Franch. & Sav. | Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 466. 1878 |
| Ajuga labordei | Vaniot | Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 13: 185 (1903) |
| Ajuga matsumurana | Kudô | J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 3: 225 (1931) |
| Ajuga typica | Matsum. & Kudô | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 294 (1912) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Japanese | ジュウニヒトエ |
| lzh | 紫背金盤 |
| Chinese | 筋骨草 |
| Chinese | 退血草 |
| Chinese | 破血丹 |
| Chinese | 散血草 |
| Chinese | 石灰菜 |
| Chinese | 散瘀草 |
| Chinese | 日本筋骨草 |
| Chinese | 矮生(变种) |
| Chinese | 紫背金盘 |
| Chinese | 紫背金盘草 |
| Chinese | 白头翁 |
| Chinese | 白毛夏枯草 |
| Chinese | 见血青 |
| Chinese | 紫背金盤 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
- Taiwan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indo-China
- Vietnam
-
Indo-China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000934630 |
| Tropicos | 17605657 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:444633-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-5339 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 979060 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 984302 |
| IPNI | 444633-1 |
| iNaturalist | 447644 |
| GBIF | 7307111 |
| EPPO | AIUNI |
| USDA GRIN | 423301 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (1S,4aS,5S,7S,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside | 145706031 | Click to see | 364.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
| Harpagide | 93045 | Click to see | 364.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones | |||||
| [(4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-5-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-4-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxy-8-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 102004685 | Click to see | 585.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.31.2192 |
| [4,4a-bis(acetyloxymethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-8-[2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate | 14314162 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CCC(C2(C1C(C(CC2O)C)(C)CC(C3=CC(=O)OC3)O)COC(=O)C)(COC(=O)C)O | 568.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin D 1 | 180057 | Click to see | 568.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(1R)-1-[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-4-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxy-5-methyloxan-2-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 162962410 | Click to see | 522.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2006.11.017 |
| (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-[(5R,9R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 122130059 | Click to see | 520.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020008041365 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.17.340 |
| (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(3R)-3-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-3,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-3-hydroxy-2-oxobutyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 102402814 | Click to see | 680.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2006.11.017 |
| [(1R,2R)-1-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]propyl] acetate | 102402816 | Click to see CCC1C(C(OC1C(C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C)O)C | 564.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2006.11.017 |
| [1-(3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-(2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)propyl] acetate | 162987745 | Click to see | 564.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2006.11.017 |
| 17-[1-(4-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxy-5-methyloxan-2-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 162962409 | Click to see CCC1(CC(OC(C1C)O)C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)O)O)O | 522.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2006.11.017 |
| 4-[3-[3,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-3-hydroxy-2-oxobutyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 162887602 | Click to see CC1C(C(OC1=O)C)CC(=O)C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)O | 680.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2006.11.017 |
| Cyasterone | 119444 | Click to see | 520.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020008041365 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| Ajugasterone C | 441826 | Click to see CC(C)CCC(C(C)(C1CCC2(C1(CC(C3C2=CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)O)C)O)O)O | 480.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020008041365 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(1R,4R,4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-5-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-[(2S)-2-acetyloxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate | 14314156 | Click to see | 592.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| [5-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-[2-acetyloxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate | 14314154 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(CO2)C3(C1C(C(CC3OC(=O)C)C)(C)CC(C4=CC(=O)OC4)OC(=O)C)COC(=O)C | 592.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin B 2 | 180054 | Click to see | 592.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(1R,4R,4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-5-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-[2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 101277250 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(CO2)C3(C1C(C(CC3OC(=O)C)C)(C)CC(C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)COC(=O)C | 548.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.31.2192 |
| [5-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-[2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate | 494584 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(CO2)C3(C1C(C(CC3OC(=O)C)C)(C)CC(C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)COC(=O)C | 548.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| [5-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-[2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate | 494585 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(CO2)C3(C1C(C(CC3OC(=O)C)C)(C)CC(C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)COC(=O)C | 550.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin A 1 | 6440613 | Click to see | 548.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin B1 | 14314168 | Click to see | 550.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Dihydroajugamarin | 76308695 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(CO2)C3(C1C(C(CC3OC(=O)C)C)(C)CC(C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)COC(=O)C | 550.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.31.2192 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(1R,4R,4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-8-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate | 14314159 | Click to see | 508.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| [4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-8-[2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate | 14314157 | Click to see | 508.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| [5-acetyloxy-1-hydroxy-8-[2-hydroxy-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate | 14314152 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C1(C)CC(C3=CC(=O)OC3)O)C(CCC24CO4)O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C | 466.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| [5-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethyl-8-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]spiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate | 5088205 | Click to see | 434.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin B 3 | 180055 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(CO2)C3(C1C(C(CC3O)C)(C)CC(C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)COC(=O)C | 508.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin C 1 | 180053 | Click to see | 466.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugamarin C1 | 12136682 | Click to see | 466.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| Ajugarin I | 173866 | Click to see | 434.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.354 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| [6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 78380899 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 132274946 | Click to see | 624.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
| Calceolarioside A | 5273566 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylate | 163193405 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2O)CO)O)O)O | 326.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
| [2,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 72726480 | Click to see | 326.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81742-2 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |