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Mondia whitei

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff4fdf036f886709130
Scientific name Mondia whitei
Authority (Hook.f.) Skeels
First published in Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 223: 45 (1911)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Root essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of dried roots, is produced for fragrance applications.
- Dried root pieces are marketed as a spice for culinary use.
- Phytochemical extracts (e.g., essential‑oil fractions and isolated iridoid glycosides) are supplied to research institutions for analytical studies.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- The dried, ground root is used as a spice in soups, stews, and other dishes, imparting a warm, ginger‑like aroma.
- In some African traditional breweries, the root is added to fermenting mash as a flavoring agent.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- The root essential oil, characterized by a high content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (β‑caryophyllene, α‑humulene) and monoterpenes (1,8‑cineole, α‑pinene), is employed in perfume compositions, soaps, and other cosmetic products as a natural fragrance component.

Properties relevant to use:
- Essential oil: typically a pale‑yellow liquid with a specific gravity of ~0.90 g cm⁻³ and a refractive index of ~1.48 (ISO 11014). The high sesquiterpene content contributes to a woody‑spicy scent suitable for base‑note formulations.
- Spice: the dried root contains 1–3 % essential oil, which gives it a characteristic warm flavor and aroma; the oil composition parallels that of the distilled product.

Standards and regulation:
- Essential oil destined for fragrance must meet the specifications of ISO 9235 (Essential oil – Vocabulary) and ISO 11014 (General requirements for essential oils).
- When used as a food flavoring, the dried root must comply with national food additive regulations (e.g., EU Regulation 1334/2008 on flavoring substances) and may be listed under the “spice” category.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List (2022) due to over‑harvest of wild roots for spice and essential‑oil markets.
- Sustainable practices include wild‑collection guidelines, cultivation trials in Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania, and promotion of cultivated material to reduce pressure on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Periploca latifolia K.Schum. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas , C: 321 (1895)
Tacazzea amplifolia S.Moore J. Bot. 50: 337 (1912)
Tacazzea laxiflora Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas , A: 92 (1895)
Tacazzea viridis A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 52 (1931)
Chlorocodon whitei Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 97: t. 5898 (1871)
Chlorocodon whiteii Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 97: t. 5898 1871

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Kikuyu mũhukũra (mukombero)

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Zaïre

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000367920
UNII 1M42O3VF5Z
Tropicos 2606209
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:99812-1
The Plant List kew-2357250
Open Tree Of Life 475399
NCBI Taxonomy 244352
IPNI 99812-1
iNaturalist 590061
GBIF 4940092
USDA GRIN 24540
Wikipedia Mondia_whitei

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Review of Herbal Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Cancers in the East Africa Region from 2019 to 2023 Kudamba A, Kasolo JN, Bbosa GS, Lugaajju A, Wabinga H, Kafeero HM, Ssenku JE, Alemu SO, Walusansa A, Niyonzima N, Muwonge H Integr Cancer Ther 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10916491
doi:10.1177/15347354241235583
PMID:38445504
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a more effective antifungal aroma than vanillin and its derivatives against Fusarium graminearum, destroys cell membranes, inhibits DON biosynthesis, and performs a promising antifungal effect on wheat grains Li Q, Wang C, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Xie Y Front Microbiol 26-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10925628
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359947
PMID:38468857
Plant use and perceptions in the context of sexual health among people of Congolese descent in Belgium Van Damme L, Chatrou L, de la Peña E, Kibungu P, Bolya CS, Van Damme P, Vanhove W, Ceuterick M, De Meyer E J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 19-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10877895
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00662-3
PMID:38373968
Ghana’s herbal medicine industry: prospects, challenges and ways forward from a developing country perspective Asase A Front Pharmacol 03-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10579918
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1267398
PMID:37854720
Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Sexual Dysfunction, Infertility and Improving Virility in the East African Community: A Systematic Review Kyarimpa C, Nagawa CB, Omara T, Odongo S, Ssebugere P, Lugasi SO, Gumula I Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 12-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10439835
doi:10.1155/2023/6878852
PMID:37600549
Modulating cyclic nucleotides pathways by bioactive compounds in combatting anxiety and depression disorders Gutiérrez-Rodelo C, Martínez-Tolibia SE, Morales-Figueroa GE, Velázquez-Moyado JA, Olivares-Reyes JA, Navarrete-Castro A Mol Biol Rep 24-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10460744
doi:10.1007/s11033-023-08650-8
PMID:37486442
Health risk assessment of toxic metal(loids) (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Co) via consumption of medicinal herbs marketed in Malawi Mlangeni AT Toxicol Rep 14-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10393791
doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.07.004
PMID:37538931
Human Sperm as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements during Sperm Handling: A Narrative Review Moretti E, Signorini C, Corsaro R, Giamalidi M, Collodel G Antioxidants (Basel) 15-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10215929
doi:10.3390/antiox12051098
PMID:37237965
Assessing the effect of Alpinia galanga extract on the treatment of SSRI-induced erectile dysfunction: A randomized triple-blind clinical trial Akbarzadeh F, Eslamzadeh M, Behravan G, Ebrahimi A, Emami SA, Gilan A, Hoseinian NS Front Psychiatry 18-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10151528
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1105828
PMID:37143784
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in Breast Cancer Treatment by Traditional Health Practitioners in Central Uganda Lutoti S, Kaggwa B, Kamba PF, Mukonzo J, Sesaazi CD, Katuura E J Multidiscip Healthc 08-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10008314
doi:10.2147/JMDH.S387256
PMID:36919184
Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF Plants (Basel) 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005506
doi:10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:36904005
Chronic Gastric Ulcer Healing Actions of the Aqueous Extracts of Staple Plant Foods of the North-West, Adamawa, and West Regions of Cameroon Mikwangock HD, Tamfu AN, Amang AP, Siwe GT, Mezui C, Kucukaydin S, Enow-Orock EG, Tan PV Biomed Res Int 09-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9842419
doi:10.1155/2023/2657278
PMID:36654868
Elucidation of chemical profiles and molecular targets of Mondia whitei leave fractions bioactive as novel therapeutics: an in vitro and in silico assay Onohuean H, Onohuean FE, Igbinoba SI, Ezeonwumelu JO, Agu PC, Ifie JE, Deusdedit T, Aja PM J Genet Eng Biotechnol 27-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9794650
doi:10.1186/s43141-022-00440-2
PMID:36574159
Evaluating the Performance of Ball-Milled Silk Fibroin Films for Simultaneous Adsorption of Eight Pharmaceuticals from Water Kgomo H, Dube S, Nindi MM Int J Environ Res Public Health 13-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9690709
doi:10.3390/ijerph192214922
PMID:36429640
Antileishmanial Activities of Medicinal Herbs and Phytochemicals In Vitro and In Vivo: An Update for the Years 2015 to 2021 Hassan AA, Khalid HE, Abdalla AH, Mukhtar MM, Osman WJ, Efferth T Molecules 04-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9656935
doi:10.3390/molecules27217579
PMID:36364404

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxybenzaldehyde 69600 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C=O)O 152.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962173
Isovanillin 12127 Click to see 152.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1300/J044V07N03_05
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
Vanillin 1183 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O 152.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Coumarinolignans
(2R,3R)-2-Methyl-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-f]-1,4-benzodioxin-9-one 11732116 Click to see CC1C(OC2=C(C=C3C=CC(=O)OC3=C2O1)OC)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC 400.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
(2R,3R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-h][1,4]benzodioxin-9-one 21580530 Click to see 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
(2R,3S)-6-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-h][1,4]benzodioxin-9-one 163044030 Click to see 404.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
(2S,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-h][1,4]benzodioxin-9-one 21629906 Click to see 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-h][1,4]benzodioxin-9-one 15608272 Click to see 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-h][1,4]benzodioxin-9-one 73077843 Click to see 400.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
5-Chloropropacin 21580531 Click to see 404.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
6-Chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[3,2-h][1,4]benzodioxin-9-one 73804559 Click to see CC1C(OC2=C(O1)C3=C(C=CC(=O)O3)C(=C2OC)Cl)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC 404.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
[(4S,4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-5,6,10-trihydroxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4-yl] 3-methylbut-2-enoate 163186973 Click to see 572.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
Squalene 638072 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
Super Squalene; trans-Squalene;AddaVax 1105 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins
Fraxetin 5273569 Click to see 208.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.012

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