Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Asclepias gigantea	L.	Sp. Pl. : 214 (1753)
Periploca cochinchinensis	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch. : 167 (1790)
Streptocaulon cochinchinense	(Lour.) G.Don	Gen. Hist. 4: 162 (1837)
Madorius giganteus	(L.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	giant milkweed
ace	rubék
Arabic	اشخر
Arabic	عشر
Arabic	عشار عملاق
ban	menori
Bulgarian	гигантски калотропис
Bengali	আকন্দ
German	kronenblume
Gujarati	અર્ક
Gujarati	આકડો
Gujarati	આંકડો
Hindi	मदार
Hungarian	koronavirág
Indonesian	biduri
Indonesian	widuri
Indonesian	patekan kerbau
jv	widuri
Kannada	ಅರ್ಕ
mad	brighâ
Malayalam	എരുക്ക്
Marathi	रुई
Malay	pokok lembiaga
Malay	lembiaga
Nepali	आँक
Oriya	ଅରଖ
Polish	mleczara olbrzymia
Russian	Калотропис гигантский
sa	अर्कसस्यम्
sd	اڪ
su	badori
Swedish	kronbuske
Tamil	நீல எருக்கு
tcy	ಎಕ್ಕಮಲೆ
Telugu	ఎర్ర జిల్లేడు
Thai	รัก
Urdu	آگ کا درخت
Chinese	断肠草
Chinese	牛角瓜
Chinese	五狗卧花
Chinese	五狗卧花心
Chinese	羊浸树

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Mozambique

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Maldives
  - Nepal
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea
  - Solomon Islands

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Marianas
  - Wake Island
- South-central Pacific
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Phoenix Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela
- Western South America
  - Colombia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000581493
UNII	2EE2UC18BM
USDA Plants	CAGI11
INPN	446952
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:95173-1
The Plant List	kew-2693661
Missouri Botanical Garden	276827
PFAF	Calotropis gigantea
Open Tree Of Life	1050243
NCBI Taxonomy	4066
IPNI	95173-1
iNaturalist	67574
GBIF	3579089
Freebase	/m/02qf6bj
EPPO	CTRGI
EOL	483870
USDA GRIN	8652
Wikipedia	Calotropis_gigantea

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Graphene oxide doping in tropical almond (terminalia catappa L.) fruits extract mediated green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for improved DSSC power conversion efficiency

Sofyan N, Jamil AM, Ridhova A, Yuwono AH, Dhaneswara D, Fergus JW

Heliyon

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11019197
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29370
PMID:	38628750

Phytogenic-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using the Seed Extract of Citrullus lanatus and Its Integrated Potency against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Hayat M, Rehman A, Khan FA, Anees M, Naz I, Qasim M, Kanwal N

ACS Omega

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11007856
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.4c01554
PMID:	38617622

Highly efficient catalytic degradation of organic dyes using iron nanoparticles synthesized with Vernonia Amygdalina leaf extract

Jara YS, Mekiso TT, Washe AP

Sci Rep

24-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10961328
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-57554-5
PMID:	38523139

The Madagascar palm genome provides new insights on the evolution of Apocynaceae specialized metabolism

Cuello C, Jansen HJ, Abdallah C, Zamar Mbadinga DL, Birer Williams C, Durand M, Oudin A, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Dirks RP, Jensen MK, O'Connor SE, Besseau S, Courdavault V

Heliyon

14-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963385
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28078
PMID:	38533072

Multi-omics analysis reveals promiscuous O-glycosyltransferases involved in the diversity of flavonoid glycosides in Periploca forrestii (Apocynaceae)

Wang X, Wu L, Zhang W, Qiu S, Xu Z, Wan H, He J, Wang W, Wang M, Yin Q, Shi Y, Gao R, Xiang L, Yang W

Comput Struct Biotechnol J

02-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10940802
doi:	10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.028
PMID:	38495554

Genetic basis and selection of glyceollin elicitation in wild soybean

Yasmin F, Zhang H, Leamy L, Wang B, Winnike J, Reid RW, Brouwer CR, Song BH

Front Plant Sci

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10933117
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1240981
PMID:	38481402

Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics interventions prompt crop improvement against metal(loid) toxicity

Raza A, Salehi H, Bashir S, Tabassum J, Jamla M, Charagh S, Barmukh R, Mir RA, Bhat BA, Javed MA, Guan DX, Mir RR, Siddique KH, Varshney RK

Plant Cell Rep

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10899315
doi:	10.1007/s00299-024-03153-7
PMID:	38411713

Synergistic interactions of assorted ameliorating agents to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation

Sanjana S, Jazeel K, Janeeshma E, Nair SG, Shackira AM

Stress Biol

16-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10873264
doi:	10.1007/s44154-024-00153-1
PMID:	38363436

Exploring the benefits of wild plants in dietary nutrition: investigating perspectives, choices, health impacts and sustainable practices

Anwar T, Qureshi H, Shahzadi S, Siddiqi EH, Ali HM, Abdelhamid MM, Nazim M

BMC Complement Med Ther

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10865668
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04379-4
PMID:	38355544

Exploring the Significance, Extraction, and Characterization of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites in Complex Mixtures

Barthwal R, Mahar R

Metabolites

11-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890687
doi:	10.3390/metabo14020119
PMID:	38393011

Exploring Ocimum basilicum’s Secondary Metabolites: Inhibition and Molecular Docking against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus for Optimal Action

Darrag HM, Ghazzawy HS, Nasser Alzain M, Hakami EH, Almuhanna HT, Alqahtani NK

Plants (Basel)

08-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10892409
doi:	10.3390/plants13040491
PMID:	38498430

Zebrafish Insights into Nanomaterial Toxicity: A Focused Exploration on Metallic, Metal Oxide, Semiconductor, and Mixed-Metal Nanoparticles

Mutalik C, Nivedita, Sneka C, Krisnawati DI, Yougbaré S, Hsu CC, Kuo TR

Int J Mol Sci

05-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10856345
doi:	10.3390/ijms25031926
PMID:	38339204

Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Bamboo Shoot Ethanol Extract With Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse Against Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An Ex Vivo Study

S DB, K PD, M G, S VL, Reji A, F KS

Cureus

28-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10897525
doi:	10.7759/cureus.53085
PMID:	38414676

Role of Clay Substrate Molecular Interactions in Some Dairy Technology Applications

Azzouz A, Arus VA, Platon N

Int J Mol Sci

09-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10815404
doi:	10.3390/ijms25020808
PMID:	38255881

Geometric entropy of plant leaves: A measure of morphological complexity

Muraleedharan V, Rajan SC, R J

PLoS One

02-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10760904
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0293596
PMID:	38166118

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
[(4aR,6aS,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate	137704689	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83668-O
alpha-Amyrin	73170	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84985-7
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84985-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007
Taraxasterol acetate	13889352	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
Taraxasterol, acetate	344468	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83668-O
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives
3,14-Dihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide	274159	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2CCC4(C3(CCC4C5=CC(=O)OC5)O)C)O	374.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
Calactinicacid methyl ester	44583861	Click to see CC1CC(C(O1)OC2CC3CCC4C(C3(CC2O)C=O)CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)(C(=O)OC)O	562.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
Uzarigenin	92760	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2CCC4(C3(CCC4C5=CC(=O)OC5)O)C)O	374.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives / Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives
15Beta-Hydroxycalotropin	15118545	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(C(CC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)O)C)O)O	548.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
3a,11,11a-Trihydroxy-9,15a-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)icosahydro-7aH,13aH-cyclopenta[7,8]phenanthro[2,3-b]pyrano[3,2-e][1,4]dioxine-13a-carbaldehyde	30100	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(CCC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)C)O)O	532.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.46.528 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
Calactin	441849	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(CCC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)C)O)O	532.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
Calotropin	16142	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(CCC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)C)O)O	532.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.46.528 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F
Frugoside	120728	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)CO)O)O)O	536.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.46.528
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17R)-17-acetyl-8,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate	101634006	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1189.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17R)-17-acetyl-8,14,17-trihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate	101634903	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1205.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-17-acetyl-8,14,17-trihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate	101634854	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1205.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-17-acetyl-8,14,17-trihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate	101634855	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5CCC6(C7CC(C8(C(CCC8(C7(CC=C6C5)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C9=CC=CC=C9)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1061.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R)-17-acetyl-8,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate	101634856	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5CCC6(C7CC(C8(C(CCC8(C7(CC=C6C5)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C9=CC=CC=C9)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1045.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R)-17-acetyl-8,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate	101634857	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4CCC5(C6CC(C7(C(CCC7(C6(CC=C5C4)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C8=CC=CC=C8)C)C)C)OC)O	901.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007
Calotroposide A	3083420	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1189.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007
Calotroposide B	3083421	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O	1205.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / N-acyl-alpha amino acids
Giganticine	15518389	Click to see CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C	280.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970255Z
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / N-acyl-alpha amino acids / N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids
(2S)-N-Acetyl-2-[4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]glycine	10850332	Click to see CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C	280.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970255Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	163016737	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83668-O

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Calotropis gigantea

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