Calotropis gigantea

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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents
Details Top
Internal ID | UUID64400ef5a217c903439092 |
Scientific name | Calotropis gigantea |
Authority | (L.) Dryand. |
First published in | Hortus Kew. 2: 78 1811 |
Description Top
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Calotropis gigantea, also known as the crown flower, is a large shrub native to several countries in Asia. It can grow up to 4 meters tall and has clusters of waxy flowers in white or lavender. The plant has oval, light green leaves and a milky stem. Its latex contains cardiac glycosides, fatty acids, and calcium oxalate. The plant is pollinated by insects, particularly bees, and its flowers have a unique structure called gynostegium. In Hindu mythology, the crown flower is believed to be a favorite of Lord Shiva and is often offered to him in worship. The plant has various uses, including as a source of durable fiber for ropes and carpets, and its extracts have been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments. However, it is also poisonous and can cause skin irritation and other symptoms if ingested. In recent studies, its extracts have shown potential as a contraceptive and cancer medication.
Synonyms Top
Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
---|---|---|
Asclepias gigantea | L. | Sp. Pl. : 214 (1753) |
Periploca cochinchinensis | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. : 167 (1790) |
Streptocaulon cochinchinense | (Lour.) G.Don | Gen. Hist. 4: 162 (1837) |
Madorius giganteus | (L.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!Language | Common/alternative name |
---|---|
English | giant milkweed |
ace | rubék |
Arabic | اشخر |
Arabic | عشر |
Arabic | عشار عملاق |
ban | menori |
Bulgarian | гигантски калотропис |
Bengali | আকন্দ |
German | kronenblume |
Gujarati | અર્ક |
Gujarati | આકડો |
Gujarati | આંકડો |
Hindi | मदार |
Hungarian | koronavirág |
Indonesian | biduri |
Indonesian | widuri |
Indonesian | patekan kerbau |
jv | widuri |
Kannada | ಅರ್ಕ |
mad | brighâ |
Malayalam | എരുക്ക് |
Marathi | रुई |
Malay | pokok lembiaga |
Malay | lembiaga |
Nepali | आँक |
Oriya | ଅରଖ |
Polish | mleczara olbrzymia |
Russian | Калотропис гигантский |
sa | अर्कसस्यम् |
sd | اڪ |
su | badori |
Swedish | kronbuske |
Tamil | நீல எருக்கு |
tcy | ಎಕ್ಕಮಲೆ |
Telugu | ఎర్ర జిల్లేడు |
Thai | รัก |
Urdu | آگ کا درخت |
Chinese | 断肠草 |
Chinese | 牛角瓜 |
Chinese | 五狗卧花 |
Chinese | 五狗卧花心 |
Chinese | 羊浸树 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
-
South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Mozambique
-
East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Laccadive Islands
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Sri Lanka
-
Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
-
Papuasia
- New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
-
Australia
-
Pacific click to expand
-
North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
-
Northwestern Pacific
- Marianas
- Wake Island
-
South-central Pacific
- Society Islands
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- Gilbert Islands
- Phoenix Islands
-
North-central Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Caribbean
- Cuba
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Venezuelan Antilles
-
Northern South America
- Venezuela
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Western South America
- Colombia
-
Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!Database | ID/link to page |
---|---|
World Flora Online | wfo-0000581493 |
UNII | 2EE2UC18BM |
USDA Plants | CAGI11 |
INPN | 446952 |
KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:95173-1 |
The Plant List | kew-2693661 |
Missouri Botanical Garden | 276827 |
PFAF | Calotropis gigantea |
Open Tree Of Life | 1050243 |
NCBI Taxonomy | 4066 |
IPNI | 95173-1 |
iNaturalist | 67574 |
GBIF | 3579089 |
Freebase | /m/02qf6bj |
EPPO | CTRGI |
EOL | 483870 |
USDA GRIN | 8652 |
Wikipedia | Calotropis_gigantea |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
[(4aR,6aS,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 137704689 | Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83668-O |
alpha-Amyrin | 73170 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84985-7 |
Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84985-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 |
Taraxasterol Acetate | 13889352 | Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
Taraxasterol, acetate | 344468 | Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83668-O |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives | |||||
3,14-Dihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide | 274159 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2CCC4(C3(CCC4C5=CC(=O)OC5)O)C)O | 374.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
Calactinicacid methyl ester | 44583861 | Click to see CC1CC(C(O1)OC2CC3CCC4C(C3(CC2O)C=O)CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)(C(=O)OC)O | 562.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
Uzarigenin | 92760 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2CCC4(C3(CCC4C5=CC(=O)OC5)O)C)O | 374.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives / Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives | |||||
15Beta-Hydroxycalotropin | 15118545 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(C(CC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)O)C)O)O | 548.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
3a,11,11a-Trihydroxy-9,15a-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)icosahydro-7aH,13aH-cyclopenta[7,8]phenanthro[2,3-b]pyrano[3,2-e][1,4]dioxine-13a-carbaldehyde | 30100 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(CCC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)C)O)O | 532.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.46.528 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
Calactin | 441849 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(CCC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)C)O)O | 532.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
Calotropin | 16142 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(O1)OC3CC4CCC5C(C4(CC3O2)C=O)CCC6(C5(CCC6C7=CC(=O)OC7)O)C)O)O | 532.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.46.528 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060249F |
Frugoside | 120728 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)CO)O)O)O | 536.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.46.528 |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides | |||||
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17R)-17-acetyl-8,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate | 101634006 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1189.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 |
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17R)-17-acetyl-8,14,17-trihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate | 101634903 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1205.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 |
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-17-acetyl-8,14,17-trihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate | 101634854 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1205.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 |
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-17-acetyl-8,14,17-trihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate | 101634855 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5CCC6(C7CC(C8(C(CCC8(C7(CC=C6C5)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C9=CC=CC=C9)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1061.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 |
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R)-17-acetyl-8,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate | 101634856 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5CCC6(C7CC(C8(C(CCC8(C7(CC=C6C5)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C9=CC=CC=C9)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1045.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 |
[(3S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R)-17-acetyl-8,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] benzoate | 101634857 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4CCC5(C6CC(C7(C(CCC7(C6(CC=C5C4)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C8=CC=CC=C8)C)C)C)OC)O | 901.10 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2647 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 |
Calotroposide A | 3083420 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)C(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1189.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 |
Calotroposide B | 3083421 | Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2OC)OC3C(OC(CC3OC)OC4C(OC(CC4OC)OC5C(OC(CC5OC)OC6CCC7(C8CC(C9(C(CCC9(C8(CC=C7C6)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C)C)C)OC)O | 1205.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.116.12_911 |
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / N-acyl-alpha amino acids | |||||
Giganticine | 15518389 | Click to see CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C | 280.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970255Z |
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / N-acyl-alpha amino acids / N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids | |||||
(2S)-N-Acetyl-2-[4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]glycine | 10850332 | Click to see CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C | 280.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970255Z |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 163016737 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 786.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83668-O |
Collections Top
In private collections | 0 |
In public collections | 0 |