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Polygala vulgaris

Polygala vulgaris - Unknown
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644003075a8aa337101514
Scientific name Polygala vulgaris
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 702 (1753)

Description Top

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Polygala vulgaris, commonly known as the common milkwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Polygala in the family Polygalaceae. It is a hemicryptophyte scapose, reaching on average 7–35 centimetres (2.8–13.8 in) in height, with alternating pointed leaves, almost glabrous, 2 to 4 mm wide and 10 to 20 mm long. The flowers are gathered in long terminal inflorescences, varying in colour from blue to violet. It is widespread in Europe, Asia, and the US, growing in meadows, slopes, edges of forests, heaths, sunny woods, dunes, and grasslands. In Scandinavia, it was called Freya's hair, but after the introduction of Christianity, it was renamed after the Virgin Mary. It was used medicinally as an infusion to increase the flow of a nursing mother's milk. There are six subspecies of Polygala vulgaris.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Polygala oxyptera Rchb. Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 25 (1823)
Polygala coerulea Miégev. ex Rchb. Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 25 (1823)
Polygala stojanovii Stef. Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 3: 80 (1929)
Polygala dubia Dumort. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 344 (1868)
Polygala basaltica Lamotte Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 125 (1876)
Polygala ballii Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 83 (1878)
Polygala babingtonii Druce Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 12 (1911 publ. 1912)
Polygala aquitanica Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 362 (1881)
Polygala angustifolia Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. ii. 113. 1782
Polygala caespitosa T.Nees Pl. Med. 2: t. 411 (1828)
Polygala spuria Steven ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 271 (1842)
Polygala vaillantii Besser Enum. Pl. Volh. : 73 (1821)
Polygala verviana Lej. Fl. Spa 2: 92 (1813)
Polygala transsilvanica Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 90 (1866)
Polygala lensei Boreau Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 14: 42 (1863)
Polygala moriana Brittinger Flora 9: 729 (1826)
Polygala michaletii Gren. Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs , sér. 4, 9: 395 (1875)
Polygala involutiflora Lamotte Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 126 (1876)
Polygala insubrica Gremli. Neue Beitr. Fl. Schweiz 5: 22 (1890)
Polygala reticulata C.Presl & J.Presl Delic. Prag. : 228 (1822)
Polygala oberthueri Sennen Diagn. Nouv. : 8 (1936)
Polygala vulgaris subsp. oxyptera Lange

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English common milkwort
Arabic مغزرة شائعة
Belarusian Крапінец звычайны
Belarusian Надсаднік
Belarusian Зязюльчыны ручнікі
Belarusian Крапінец
Bulgarian обикновена телчарка
Czech vítod obecný
Welsh llaeethlys
Welsh amlaethai cyffredin
Danish almindelig mælkeurt
German gewöhnliche kreuzblume
German gewöhnliches kreuzblümchen
German gemeine kreuzblume
Estonian aas-vahulill
Finnish isolinnunruoho
Irish lus an bhainne
Croatian krestušac
Upper Sorbian Łučna křižnička
Hungarian szenegafű
Italian poligala
Italian erba linosa
Japanese ヨーロッパヒメハギ
Cornish lethles
Latvian parastā ziepenīte
Norwegian Bokmål blåfjær
Dutch gewone vleugeltjesbloem
Polish krzyżownica zwyczajna
Slovak horčinka obyčajná
Slovenian navadna grebenuša
Swedish jungfrulin

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Polygala vulgaris subsp. insubrica (Chodat) Arrigoni Inform. Bot. Ital. 46: 255 (2014)
Polygala vulgaris subsp. valdarnensis (Fiori) Arrigoni Inform. Bot. Ital. 46: 255 (2014)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Føroyar
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Michigan
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000488110
Canadensys 8100
USDA Plants POVU2
Tropicos 25900021
INPN 114595
Flora of Italy 3013
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692570-1
The Plant List kew-2572044
Open Tree Of Life 179381
Observations.org 7219
NCBI Taxonomy 174553
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002949
Nature Serve 2.159596
IPNI 692570-1
iNaturalist 167210
GBIF 3191374
Freebase /m/08htcf
EPPO POGVU
EOL 581819
Elurikkus 6437
Wikipedia Polygala_vulgaris

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Effects of γ-polyglutamic acid on grassland sandy soil properties and plant functional traits exposed to drought stress Skalski T, Zając E, Jędrszczyk E, Papaj K, Kohyt J, Góra A, Kasprzycka A, Shytum D, Skowera B, Ziernicka-Wojtaszek A Sci Rep 14-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10866894
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54459-1
PMID:38355917
Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses Coyago-Cruz E, Moya M, Méndez G, Villacís M, Rojas-Silva P, Corell M, Mapelli-Brahm P, Vicario IM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ Foods 08-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10671036
doi:10.3390/foods12224066
PMID:38002124
Features of Natural Succession of Ex-Arable Forest Steppe Grassland (from Western Romania) under the Influence of Climate Sărățeanu V, Cotuna O, Paraschivu M, Cojocariu LL, Horablaga NM, Rechițean D, Mircov VD, Sălceanu C, Urlică AA, Copăcean L Plants (Basel) 07-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10059065
doi:10.3390/plants12061204
PMID:36986892
Xanthones: Biosynthesis and Trafficking in Plants, Fungi and Lichens Badiali C, Petruccelli V, Brasili E, Pasqua G Plants (Basel) 04-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9967055
doi:10.3390/plants12040694
PMID:36840041
Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions Brunbjerg AK, Fløjgaard C, Frøslev TG, Andersen DK, Bruun HH, Dalby L, Goldberg I, Lehmann LJ, Moeslund JE, Ejrnæs R Ecol Evol 01-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9627074
doi:10.1002/ece3.9445
PMID:36340817
Crumbotti and rose petals in a ghost mountain valley: foraging, landscape, and their transformations in the upper Borbera Valley, NW Italy Fontefrancesco MF, Zocchi DM, Cevasco R, Dossche R, Abidullah S, Pieroni A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 01-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9159047
doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00535-7
PMID:35650623
Diverse in Local, Overlapping in Official Medical Botany: Critical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Records from the Historic Regions of Livonia and Courland in Northeast Europe, 1829–1895 Prakofjewa J, Anegg M, Kalle R, Simanova A, Prūse B, Pieroni A, Sõukand R Plants (Basel) 13-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9032843
doi:10.3390/plants11081065
PMID:35448792
Screening for Innovative Sources of Carotenoids and Phenolic Antioxidants among Flowers Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Benítez A, Corell M, Hernanz D, Mapelli-Brahm P, Stinco C, Coyago-Cruz E Foods 29-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8623576
doi:10.3390/foods10112625
PMID:34828906
Restoration of species‐rich grasslands by transfer of local plant material and its impact on species diversity and genetic variation—Findings of a practical restoration project in southeastern Germany Kaulfuß F, Reisch C Ecol Evol 22-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8462159
doi:10.1002/ece3.8029
PMID:34594541
Dianthus superbus as a critically endangered species in Latvia: evaluation of its growth conditions and conservation possibilities Osvalde A, Jakobsone G, Akmane I, Svilāns A, Dubova I AoB Plants 07-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8420110
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plab051
PMID:34512941
Changes in Diversity Due to Long-Term Management in a High Natural Value Grassland Vaida I, Păcurar F, Rotar I, Tomoș L, Stoian V Plants (Basel) 09-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8069202
doi:10.3390/plants10040739
PMID:33918957
Can we learn from the ecology of the Bohemian gentian and save another closely related species of Gentianella? Křenová Z, Brabec J, Rössler S, Kindlmann P PLoS One 19-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6922359
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226487
PMID:31856191
Data on flower resources for pollinators in Romanian semi-natural grasslands mown at different times Wehn S, Westin A, Johansen L, Iuga A, Ivascu CM, Kallioniemi E, Lennartsson T Data Brief 27-May-2019
PMCID:PMC6562176
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2019.104065
PMID:31211209
A multi-level test of the seed number/size trade-off in two Scandinavian communities Lázaro A, Larrinaga AR PLoS One 27-Jul-2018
PMCID:PMC6063417
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201175
PMID:30052656

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
4-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)phenol 46879743 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC 230.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.1499
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
7-Chloro-1,2,3-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthen-9-one 11809021 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)Cl 308.67 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.1499
9H-Xanthen-9-one, 1,3-dihydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxy- 10947079 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OC3=C(C(=C(C(=C3C2=O)O)OC)O)OC 318.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.1499
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 159894 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC 238.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.1499
Methyl sinapate 5321318 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC 238.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.1499
https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200317213

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