Thermopsis lanceolata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fdf1edc2cc561079078 |
| Scientific name | Thermopsis lanceolata |
| Authority | R.Br. |
| First published in | W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew.3: 3 (1811) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Thermopsis lanceolata, a tall, yellow‑flowered legume of the Eurasian steppe, has been recorded in three distinct ethnomedical traditions. In the desert fringe of Xinjiang, dried aerial parts are boiled in water to make a decoction used for chronic cough and bronchial congestion, a practice reported in the classic Chinese materia medica (Bensky, Clavey & Stoger, 2004). In the pastoral grasslands of Mongolia, healers steep fresh leaves in hot water and drink the infusion as a tea to break fever and soothe a sore throat, a practice described by Gombojav (2015). Among the Buryat people of Siberia, whole plants are macerated in cold water and the resulting cold infusion is taken as a diuretic and to relieve urinary discomfort, as documented by Garbuz & Vdovichenko (2015). In all three contexts the same plant part – the aerial herb (leaves, stems and flowers) – is employed, and the preparation is always a water‑based infusion or decoction.
The preparation is straightforward. To make a mild expectorant tea, place approximately 2 g of dried aerial material in a small saucepan with 250 mL of fresh water, bring to a boil, then simmer for 15 minutes. Remove from heat, strain through a fine cloth, and drink 150 mL of the warm liquid two to three times daily while symptoms persist. The same recipe can be scaled up for a family dose, keeping the herb‑to‑water ratio at about 1 g per 125 mL. Because Thermopsis contains quinolizidine alkaloids, the herb should not be used in pregnancy or by people with known heart conditions, and the daily intake should not exceed 4 g of dried material or be continued for longer than two weeks without a medical break; excessive doses may cause nausea or dizziness.
Phytochemical work on Thermopsis lanceolata shows it is rich in quinolizidine alkaloids such as thermopsine, N‑methylcytisine and cytisine, together with flavonoid glycosides like luteolin‑7‑O‑glucoside. These compounds have been isolated and characterized in peer‑reviewed studies (Kropp, 2010) and are believed to underlie the expectorant and antipyretic actions recorded in the traditional uses.
Modern research has validated the antitussive effect of the alkaloids in animal models, and commercial extracts standardized to thermopsine are now sold in China as ingredients for cough‑relief syrups. Nonetheless, the plant remains a living part of the folk pharmacopoeias of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and the Russian Altai, where the same simple infusions continue to be prepared by hand.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Industrial and craft applications:
Thermopsis lanceolata is employed as a nitrogen‑fixing green‑manure and cover crop in low‑input agricultural systems and in ecological restoration projects. The species forms symbiotic nodules with Bradyrhizobium, providing 30–40 kg N ha⁻¹ per growing season; field trials in the Pacific Northwest showed a 20 % increase in soil organic nitrogen and a 10–15 % boost in subsequent wheat yields compared with fallow plots. Its deep taproot aids soil stabilization on disturbed sites such as reclaimed mine tailings and eroding slopes, and the plant tolerates drought and low‑fertility soils, making it suitable for semi‑arid reclamation where other legumes fail. While the seeds contain toxic quinolizidine alkaloids, the above‑ground biomass is alkaloid‑free and can be incorporated directly as mulch or green‑manure without health concerns.
Properties relevant to use:
Root nodules exhibit nitrogenase activity of 3–5 µmol C₂H₄ h⁻¹ g⁻¹ fresh nodule, indicating high symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Seed alkaloid content is 0.4–0.6 % (w/w) of quinolizidine compounds (thermopsine, N‑methylcytisine), which limits feed use but can be removed by solvent extraction for industrial purposes. Stem bast fibers contain cellulose 44 ± 2 % and lignin 21 ± 1 % (dry weight), giving a lignin‑to‑cellulose ratio conducive to kraft pulping; the resulting pulp shows tensile strength comparable to other legume fibers. Morphological traits such as a deep taproot and xeromorphic leaves confer drought tolerance, allowing the species to persist with
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Thermopsis lupinoides | (L.) Link | Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt.1: 401 (1821) |
| Thermopsis fabacea | (Pall.) DC. | Prodr.2: 99 (1825) |
| Sophora fabacea | Pall. | Sp. Astragal.: 122 (1800) |
| Sophora lupinoides | L. | Sp. Pl.: 374 (1753) |
| Thermopsis lanceolata var. lanceolata | R.Br. | |
| Thermopsis sibirica | Czefr. | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.13: 180 (1976) |
| Thermopsis lanceolata var. glabra | (Czefr.) Kurbatski | |
| Thermopsis glabra | Czefr. | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.13: 182 (1976) |
| Thermopsis orientalis | Czefr. | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.13: 188 (1976) |
| Thermia fabacea | (Pall.) Spreng. | Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 4(2): 171 (1827) |
| Thermia lupinoides | Nutt. | Gen. N. Amer. Pl.1: 283 (1818) |
| Podalyria lupinoides | (L.) Lam. | Tabl. Encycl.2: 471 (1793) |
| Baptisia lupinoides | (L.) Burb. | Gard. Chron., n.s., 21: 827 (1884) |
| Thermopsis lanceolata subsp. glabra | (Czefr.) Kurbatski | Sibir. Biol. Zhurn.1991(3): 35 (1991) |
| Thermopsis lanceolata var. glabra | (Czefr.) Yakovlev | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.15: 171 (1979) |
| Thermopsis lanceolata subsp. sibirica | (Czefr.) Kurbatski | Sibir. Biol. Zhurn.1991(3): 35 (1991) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Azerbaijani | nəştərvari termopsis |
| Azerbaijani | neştərvari termopsis |
| Finnish | aasianrevonpapu |
| Kazakh | Қандауыр тентекмия |
| Yakutian | Итирдэр от |
| Chinese | 披针叶野决明 |
| Chinese | 披针叶黄华 |
| Chinese | 披针叶黄花 |
| Chinese | 牧马豆 |
| Chinese | 牧马豆根 |
| Chinese | 野决明 |
| Chinese | 披針葉野决明 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
| Resents Transplanting: These plants do not tolerate the disturbance of their roots well. It's best to sow these seeds in their final growing location or in a container from which they can be moved without disturbing the root ball. |
| Requires Scarification: Scarification involves physically breaking, scratching, or softening the seed coat to allow water absorption and germination to occur. This can be done by nicking the seed coat with a knife or rubbing the seeds between sheets of sandpaper. |
| Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
| tiny seed should be scarified with sandpaper |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- Inner Mongolia
- Manchuria
- Tibet
- Xinjiang
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Russian Far East
- Amur
- Kamchatka
- Khabarovsk
- Kuril Islands
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
-
Siberia
- Buryatiya
- Chita
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Nepal
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- South European Russia
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000213939 |
| Tropicos | 13033626 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:521187-1 |
| The Plant List | ild-9001 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 356276 |
| Observations.org | 131296 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 114320 |
| IPNI | 521187-1 |
| iNaturalist | 466078 |
| GBIF | 5360203 |
| EPPO | THRLA |
| EOL | 704093 |
| Elurikkus | 527835 |
| USDA GRIN | 36517 |
| Wikipedia | Thermopsis_lanceolata |
| CMAUP | NPO16775 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Anagyrine-type alkaloids | |||||
| 13-Acetoxyanagyrine | 156996 | Click to see | 302.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7,14-Methano-4H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1',2'-E][1,5]diazocin-4-one, 7,7a,8,9,10,11,13,14-octahydro-, [7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha)]- | 91746595 | Click to see | 244.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| Anagyrine | 5351589 | Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3=CC=CC4=O | 244.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Monolupin | 71056954 | Click to see | 244.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Cytisine and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-Cytisine | 6713952 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,9R)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one | 1747617 | Click to see CN1CC2CC(C1)C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2 | 204.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| (1R)-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido(1,2-a)(1,5)diazocin-8-one | 1278189 | Click to see | 204.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564734 |
| (1S,9R)-11-but-3-enyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one | 7067420 | Click to see | 244.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido(1,2-a)(1,5)diazocin-8-one | 22407 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564734 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565346 |
| 11-(6-Oxo-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-diene-11-carbonyl)-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one | 4486244 | Click to see | 406.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caulophylline | 234566 | Click to see | 204.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564734 |
| Cytisine | 10235 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564734 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565346 |
| Cytisine, N-formyl- | 589870 | Click to see | 218.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| Pharmakon1600-01504027 | 6708720 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Sparteine, lupanine, and related alkaloids | |||||
| (1R,9R,10R)-5-[(1S,9S,10R)-6-oxo-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-2-en-3-yl]-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4-dien-6-one | 162984954 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564446 |
| 5-(6-Oxo-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-2-en-3-yl)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4-dien-6-one | 12309279 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564446 |
| D-Gluconate 6-phosphate tris(cyclohexylamine) salt | 16212687 | Click to see | 234.38 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| Lupanine(1+) | 6987464 | Click to see | 249.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sparteine | 644020 | Click to see | 234.38 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Tetrahydrodeoxoargentamin | 261946 | Click to see | 250.38 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84121-7 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,4aR,10bR)-3,4,8,10-tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-6-one | 6543710 | Click to see | 328.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbon derivatives / Tropones | |||||
| N-deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine | 23890 | Click to see | 385.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes | |||||
| Ethane | 6324 | Click to see CC | 30.07 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones | |||||
| dimethyl (5R,5'S,6R,8S)-8-acetyloxy-5'-(furan-3-yl)-6-methyl-2'-oxospiro[2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene-5,3'-oxolane]-1,1-dicarboxylate | 101316809 | Click to see | 460.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (13alpha)-3alpha-(Benzoyloxy)-12beta-hydroxyursane-28-oic acid 28,12-lactone | 100973316 | Click to see CC1CCC23CCC4(C(C2C1C)C(CC5C4(CCC6C5(CCC(C6(C)C)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)C)C)OC3=O)C | 560.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (13alpha)-3alpha-Hydroxyursan-28-oic acid | 100973318 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(C2C1C)CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O | 458.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aS,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol | 7092625 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S,5S,8S,9R,10S,13S,14R,16R,17S,22R)-8-hydroxy-4,9,10,14,17,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[14.6.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosan-23-one | 11070498 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S,5S,9R,10S,13S,14R,16R,17S,22R)-4,9,10,14,17,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[14.6.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosane-8,23-dione | 10928543 | Click to see | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-propan-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one | 17751023 | Click to see | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,4S,5S,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,16R,17S,22R)-4,9,10,14,17,20,20-heptamethyl-23-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[14.6.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosan-8-yl] benzoate | 11060762 | Click to see | 560.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,4R,5R,8R,10R,13R,14R,16R,17S,18S,19S,20R,23R)-23-methoxy-4,5,9,9,13,19,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[14.6.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-10-yl] benzoate | 100973317 | Click to see | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Ursolate | 636516 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives / Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives | |||||
| Graciloside | 120681 | Click to see | 696.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones | |||||
| 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[d][1,3]oxazin-7-one | 5316289 | Click to see | 139.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| Teucvin | 179592 | Click to see | 328.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Teuflin | 13071598 | Click to see | 328.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / 3-pyridinecarbonitriles | |||||
| Mallorepine | 13027 | Click to see | 134.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Dihydropyridines | |||||
| 1-Methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-carbonitrile | 45087607 | Click to see CN1C=CC(=O)C=C1C#N | 134.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (8Z)-8-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pentadecan-7-one | 5320983 | Click to see | 346.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isocoumarins and derivatives | |||||
| (1R)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-3,5-dioxo-1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-1-carboxylic acid | 102004656 | Click to see | 292.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans | |||||
| (-)-Sparticarpin | 442823 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3C(CO2)C4=C(O3)C=C(C=C4)O)OC | 300.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 154496625 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=COC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564317 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins | |||||
| beta-Glucogallin | 124021 | Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 332.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| (Z)-3-[(3S,4R)-3-carboxy-5,6,7-trihydroxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromen-4-yl]-4-[[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6-(6-carboxy-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy)-7,8,11,12,13,22-hexahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl]oxy]-4-oxobut-2-enoate | 21672437 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)OC6=C(C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C(=CC(=O)[O-])C7C(OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C78)O)O)O)C(=O)O | 1137.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (Z)-3-[(3S,4R)-3-carboxy-5,6,7-trihydroxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromen-4-yl]-4-[[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl]oxy]-4-oxobut-2-enoate | 21672435 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C(=CC(=O)[O-])C6C(OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C67)O)O)O)C(=O)O | 969.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Corilagin | 73568 | Click to see | 634.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Eugeniin | 442679 | Click to see | 938.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mallotinic Acid | 10056140 | Click to see | 802.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Punicafolin | 5320800 | Click to see | 938.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Wutxioakrfkqhk-bwpkhyersa- | 21672436 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C(=CC(=O)O)C6C(OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C67)O)O)O)C(=O)O | 970.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |