Crotalaria juncea
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fde657af1d613208411 |
| Scientific name | Crotalaria juncea |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl.: 714 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Sun hemp fiber, obtained by decortication of the bast. Commercial forms include scutched and hackled fiber bundles, spun yarn, and nonwoven mats used as reinforcement in composites and geotextiles.
Industrial and craft applications:
Technical textiles such as heavy-duty bags, sackcloth, cordage, twine, and rope; reinforced plastics and polymer composites; nonwoven mats for erosion control and geotextiles. Lignin-rich shives are used in particleboard and insulation boards.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
None—seeds and foliage contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and are not used as food.
Colorants and tanning:
Stems and leaves yield brown dyes for protein fibers (wool/silk) under alkaline conditions, typically with mordants. Stems provide tannins for vegetable tanning of hides, imparting reddish-brown color.
Wood and fiber:
Bast fibers are a long, high-cellulose, low-lignin material used for high-strength paper grades and technical papers. Limited use as low-value timber or biomass.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No reliable fragrance or cosmetic uses reported.
Properties relevant to use:
Tensile strength typically 400–700 MPa, fiber length commonly 0.8–1.5 m; fiber bundles show high cellulose (≈67–74% of dry matter), moderate hemicellulose, low lignin (≈6–9%), low pentosan content, and a pH around 8–9 in alkaline extracts; bast fiber diameter typically 15–30 µm.
Standards and regulation:
Traded under national standards for sunnhemp fiber and fiber length classification; pulp fibers subject to national paper/board standards. Export quality and grading specifications are widely documented.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Nitrogen-fixing, short-rotation (2–3 months) annual that improves soil fertility and supports cropping systems; requires minimal irrigation and low pesticide input; fiber harvesting and retting require water and careful management to avoid contamination with toxic Crotalaria species and to meet safety requirements for textiles and paper grades.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Crotalaria tenuifolia | Roxb. ex Hornem. | Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 151 (1819) |
| Crotalaria viminea | Wall. | Numer. List [Wallich] n. 5397 B. [1831-32] |
| Crotalaria benghalensis | Lam. | Encycl.2: 196 (1786) |
| Crotalaria fenestrata | Sims | Bot. Mag.44: t. 1933 (1817) |
| Crotalaria ferestrata | Sims | |
| Crotalaria cannabinus | Royle | Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 82 (1834) |
| Isotropis argentea | Ewart & Morrison | Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n.s., 26: 157 (1913) |
| Crotalaria juncea var. bengalensis | (Lam.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 176 (1891) |
| Crotalaria juncea var. puncticulata | DC. | Prodr.2: 126 (1825) |
| Crotalaria porrecta | Wall. | Numer. List : n.° 5363 (1831) |
| Crotalaria sericea | Willd. | Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 519 (1800) |
| Crotalaria kanchiana | Gholave, Mane, Gore, Kambale & S.P.Gaikwad | Phytotaxa 409: 234 (2019) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | sunn hemp |
| English | indian hemp |
| English | brown hemp |
| English | madras hemp |
| Arabic | قنب الكروتولاريا |
| Bengali | শণ |
| Bengali | শনপাট |
| gor | orok-orok |
| guc | isirachon |
| Hindi | सनई |
| Indonesian | orok-orok |
| Japanese | サンヘンプ |
| Punjabi | ਸਣ |
| su | orok-orok |
| Swedish | sunnhampa |
| Vietnamese | lục lạc sợi |
| Chinese | 响铃草 |
| Chinese | 赫麻 |
| Chinese | 自消容 |
| Chinese | 太阳麻 |
| Chinese | 蘭鈴豆 |
| Chinese | 菽麻 |
| Chinese | 一种维管植物 |
| Chinese | 太陽麻 |
| Chinese | 太阳麻根 |
| Chinese | 印度麻 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Ethiopia
- Sudan
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Northern Africa
- Libya
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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Southern Africa
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Northern Provinces
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West Tropical Africa
- Burkina
- Ghana
- Guinea-Bissau
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
- Réunion
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East Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
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Eastern Asia
- Taiwan
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Middle Asia
- Uzbekistan
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Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iraq
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Caucasus
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
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Papuasia
- New Guinea
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Indian Subcontinent
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- Western Australia
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Ukraine
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Eastern Europe
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Pacific click to expand
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Northwestern Pacific
- Caroline Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
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Northwestern Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Windward Islands
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Northern South America
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
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Southern South America
- Paraguay
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Western South America
- Colombia
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Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000210925 |
| UNII | 65T1JUM18D |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 4110 |
| Flora of Alabama | 5457 |
| USDA Plants | CRJU |
| Tropicos | 13029244 |
| INPN | 629453 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322601-2 |
| The Plant List | ild-6022 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 612454 |
| Observations.org | 129861 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 3829 |
| IPNI | 322601-2 |
| iNaturalist | 366300 |
| GBIF | 2942877 |
| Freebase | /m/027k3jr |
| EPPO | CVTJU |
| EOL | 694540 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 13355 |
| USDA GRIN | 12331 |
| Wikipedia | Crotalaria_juncea |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77200595-1 |
| IPNI | 77200595-1 |
| GBIF | 10837138 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives | |||||
| [1,6]Dioxacyclododecino[2,3,4-gh]pyrrolizine-2,7-dione, 3-ethylidene-3,4,5,6,9,11,13,14,14a,14b-decahydro-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-methylene-, (3Z,6R,14aR,14bR)- | 521227 | Click to see | 333.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| 4-Ethylidene-7-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylidene-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadec-11-ene-3,8-dione | 31745 | Click to see | 349.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| Riddelliine | 5281744 | Click to see CC=C1CC(=C)C(C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C(CC3)OC1=O)(CO)O | 349.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| Seneciphylline | 5281750 | Click to see | 333.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides | |||||
| 3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,13S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one | 162848486 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2CCC4(C3=CC=C4C5=CC(=O)OC5)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O | 486.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(06)80131-7 |
| 3-[10,13-dimethyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one | 162848484 | Click to see | 486.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(06)80131-7 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| 2-Amino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid | 22998818 | Click to see | 147.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)80348-1 |
| 3-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)pentanoic acid | 76224000 | Click to see | 147.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids | |||||
| (2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)pentanoic acid | 55286555 | Click to see | 147.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| (2S,5S)-2-amino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid | 124350746 | Click to see | 147.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)80348-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides | |||||
| (2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 163085510 | Click to see | 446.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85781-7 |
| 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 5387370 | Click to see | 446.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85781-7 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| 5-hydroxy-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one | 162892653 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85781-7 |
| 5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one | 154496166 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85781-7 |
| 5-Hydroxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one | 13915494 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85781-7 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues | |||||
| 4-Ethylidene-7-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadec-11-ene-3,8-dione | 254855 | Click to see | 335.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| Integerrimine | 5281733 | Click to see | 335.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
| Senecionine | 5280906 | Click to see CC=C1CC(C(C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C(CC3)OC1=O)(C)O)C | 335.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.2307/4117899 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01590A040 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |