Halesia carolina - Unknown
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Internal ID UUID64401fa248a60776724574
Scientific name Halesia carolina
Authority L.
First published in Syst. Nat. ed. 10 , 2: 1044 (1759)

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Mohria parviflora (Michx.) Britton Gard. & Forest 6: 434 (1893)
Mohria carolina Britton Gard. & Forest 6: 433 (1893)
Mohrodendron parviflorum (Michx.) Britton Gard. & Forest 6: 463 (1893)
Mohrodendron meehanii Sudw. Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 323 (1897)
Mohrodendron carolinum (L.) Britton Gard. & Forest 6: 463 (1893)
Mohrodendron tetraptera (J.Ellis) Britton ex Ridgway Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 17: 415 (1894)
Carlomohria carolina (L.) Greene Erythea 1: 246 (1893)
Carlomohria parviflora (Michx.) Greene Erythea 1: 246 (1893)
Halesia carolina f. dialypetala C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 583. 1911
Halesia carolina var. glabrescens Perkins Pflanzenr. , IV, 241: 96 (1907)
Halesia carolina var. meehanii Perkins Pflanzenr. , IV, 241: 97 (1907)
Halesia carolina var. mollis Perkins Pflanzenr. , IV, 241: 97 (1907)
Halesia carolina var. monticola Rehder Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 22: 260 (1913 publ. 1914)
Halesia carolina subsp. monticola (Rehder) A.E.Murray Kalmia 12: 20 (1982)
Halesia carolina subsp. parviflora (Michx.) A.E.Murray Kalmia 13: 7. 1983
Halesia carolina var. parviflora (Michx.) A.E.Murray Kalmia 13: 7. 1983
Halesia meehanii Meehan
Halesia monticola Sarg. J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 171 (1921)
Halesia monticola f. rosea Sarg. J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 172 (1921)
Halesia monticola var. vestita Sarg. J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 171 (1921)
Halesia parviflora Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 40 (1803)
Halesia stenocarpa K.Koch Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 191 (1858)
Halesia tetraptera L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 636 (1762)
Halesia tetraptera var. carnea Mouill. Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 965 (1896)
Halesia tetraptera f. dialypetala Rehder Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 75 (1907 publ. 1908)
Halesia tetraptera var. glabrescens Lange Bot. Tidsskr. 19: 257 (1894)
Halesia tetraptera var. grandifolia Lavallée Énum. Arbres : 162 (1877)
Halesia tetraptera var. laevigata Schelle in Beissn., Schelle & Zabel Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner & al.] 405. 1903
Halesia tetraptera var. meehanii Sarg. Gard. & Forest 5: 534 (1892)
Halesia tetraptera var. mollis Lange Bot. Tidsskr. 19: 258 (1894)
Halesia tetraptera var. monticola (Rehder) Reveal & Seldin Taxon 25: 137 (1976)
Halesia tetraptera var. parviflora (Michx.) Schelle in Beissn., Schelle & Zabel Handb. Laubholzben. : 405 (1903)
Halesia tetraptera var. rosea Pepin Rev. Hort. (Paris) , sér. 2, 3: 66 (1845)
Halesia tetraptera f. stenocarpa (K.Koch) Voss in Vilm. Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 644. 1894
Mohrodendron carolinum var. meehanii (Sarg.) Sarg. Silva N. Amer. 6: 22 (1894)
Halesia monticola subsp. rosea (Sarg.) Gall. Morris Arbor. Bull. 13:24. 1962

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English carolina silverbell
Arabic هاليزية كارولينة
Czech halézie karolínská
Finnish carolinanlumikellopuu
French arbre aux cloches d'argent
Norwegian Bokmål snøklokketre
Swedish snödroppsträd
Chinese 北美银钟花
Chinese 四翅银钟花
Chinese 小银钟花
Chinese 山地银钟花
Chinese 山银钟花

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Maintain seeds at 20°C for 3 months, then transfer to 4°C for another 3 months.
Requires Scarification: Scarification involves physically breaking, scratching, or softening the seed coat to allow water absorption and germination to occur. This can be done by nicking the seed coat with a knife or rubbing the seeds between sheets of sandpaper.
Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water.
soak in hot water for 24 hours to scarify

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Oklahoma
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Indiana
      • Michigan
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • West Virginia
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000714617
Florida Plant Atlas 3261
Flora of Alabama 3597
USDA Plants HACA3
UConn 197
Tropicos 30800002
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319532-2
The Plant List kew-2838104
Missouri Botanical Garden 287278
PFAF Halesia carolina
Open Tree Of Life 250762
Observations.org 206254
NCBI Taxonomy 85887
Nature Serve 2.160332
IUCN Red List 135952711
IPNI 319532-2
iNaturalist 157424
GBIF 5371655
Freebase /m/0n_bwpd
EPPO HASCA
EOL 583524
Elurikkus 529475
USDA GRIN 18215
Wikipedia Halesia_carolina

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 12-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10784871
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:38222930
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613938
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8314
PMID:37908449
Commodity risk assessment of Fagus sylvatica plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 28-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10375364
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8118
PMID:37522095
Commodity risk assessment of Acer pseudoplatanus plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323731
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8074
PMID:37427019
Commodity risk assessment of Acer palmatum plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323724
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8075
PMID:37427020
Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323733
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8071
PMID:37427018
Commodity risk assessment of Acer platanoides plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323725
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8073
PMID:37427021
Plastome structure and phylogenetic relationships of Styracaceae (Ericales) Cai XL, Landis JB, Wang HX, Wang JH, Zhu ZX, Wang HF BMC Ecol Evol 28-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8161964
doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01827-4
PMID:34049486
Floristic Changes in the Understory Vegetation of Mixed Temperate New England Freshwater Island Forests over a Period of 33 Years Holland MM, Winkler M Plants (Basel) 18-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7698944
doi:10.3390/plants9111600
PMID:33218069
ABSTRACTS N/A J Nematol 01-Dec-2016
PMCID:PMC5247334
Molecular phylogenetics of New Caledonian Diospyros (Ebenaceae) using plastid and nuclear markers Turner B, Munzinger J, Duangjai S, Temsch EM, Stockenhuber R, Barfuss MH, Chase MW, Samuel R Mol Phylogenet Evol 01-Dec-2013
PMCID:PMC3913082
doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.002
PMID:23850609
A history of the gardens of the Royal College of Physicians of London Hollman A Clin Med (Lond) 01-Jun-2009
PMCID:PMC4953611
doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.9-3-242
PMID:19634387
Xiphinema bernardi n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Great Smoky Mountain National Park Robbins RT, Bae CH, Ye W, Pedram M J Nematol 01-Jun-2009
PMCID:PMC3365308
PMID:22661783
Phylogeny of Sinojackia (Styracaceae) Based on DNA Sequence and Microsatellite Data: Implications for Taxonomy and Conservation Yao X, Ye Q, Fritsch PW, Cruz BC, Huang H Ann Bot 01-Feb-2008
PMCID:PMC2710174
doi:10.1093/aob/mcm332
PMID:18245106

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