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Kalmia procumbens

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644059eb60930918705107
Scientific name Kalmia procumbens
Authority (L.) Gift, Kron & P.F.Stevens ex Galasso, Banfi & F.Conti
First published in Annot. Checkl. Italian Vasc. Fl. : 20 (2005)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
• No documented commercial, industrial, or craft uses of Kalmia procumbens are recorded in peer‑reviewed or regulatory sources. It is cultivated as a dwarf ornamental shrub for rock‑garden and alpine plantings.

Industrial and craft applications:
• No established industrial or craft applications are reported.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
• No food or beverage uses are documented.

Colorants and tanning:
• No natural dye or tanning uses are reported.

Wood and fiber:
• No timber, fiber, or pulp uses are reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• No fragrance or cosmetic uses are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
• No plant parts or physical/chemical properties are documented in the context of non‑medicinal product applications.

Standards and regulation:
• Not applicable.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Wild harvest and trade are not recorded for this species.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Loisel. Traité Arbr. Arbust. (Duhamel), nouv. éd. 5: 227. 1812
Rhododendron procumbens (L.) E.H.L.Krause Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 9: 214 (1901)
Azalea procumbens L. Sp. Pl. : 151 (1753)
Chamaecistus procumbens (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 388 (1891)
Chamaecistus serpyllifolius Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 401 (1821 publ. 1822)
Chamaeledon procumbens (L.) Link Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 211 (1821)
Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. J. Bot. Agric. 1: 35. 1813 [Jan 1813]

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English trailing azalea
English alpine-azalea
English alpine azalea
Czech skalenka
Czech skalenka poléhavá
Welsh eilgorosyn
Danish kryblyng
German gämsheide
German alpenazalee
German alpenheide
German gemsheide
German loiseleuria
Finnish sielikkö
French loiseleurie couchée
French loiseleuria
French azalée rampante
French azalée naine
French azalée des alpes
French azalée couchée
Croatian odur
Hungarian törpehanga
Icelandic sauðamergur
Japanese ミネズオウ属
Japanese ミネズオウ
Norwegian Bokmål greplyng
Norwegian Nynorsk greplyng
Polish naskałka pełzająca
Russian Луазелеурия лежачая
Russian Кальмия лежачая
Swedish krypljung
Swedish loiseleuria
Swedish krypljungssläktet
Ukrainian Наскельниця лежача
Chinese 蔓山鵑

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
    • Russian Far East
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Magadan
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Chita
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • North European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Germany
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Finland
      • Føroyar
      • Great Britain
      • Iceland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Labrador
      • Newfoundland
      • Ontario
      • Québec
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Maine
      • New Hampshire
      • New York
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Aleutian Islands
      • Greenland
      • Northwest Territorie
      • Nunavut
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001280881
Canadensys 5534
Tropicos 50310700
INPN 761945
Flora of Italy 3729
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77070250-1
The Plant List kew-2337993
The Plant List tro-50310700
Plantarium 23096
Open Tree Of Life 587555
NCBI Taxonomy 45912
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0020823755
Nature Serve 2.133322
IPNI 77070250-1
iNaturalist 204337
GBIF 2883018
Freebase /m/0gytby9
EPPO LOIPR
EOL 583109
USDA GRIN 467232
Wikipedia Kalmia_procumbens

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Acclimation of subarctic vegetation to warming and increased cloudiness Ndah FA, Maljanen M, Kasurinen A, Rinnan R, Michelsen A, Kotilainen T, Kivimäenpää M Plant Environ Interact 28-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10840376
doi:10.1002/pei3.10130
PMID:38323130
The Perspective of Arctic–Alpine Species in Southernmost Localities: The Example of Kalmia procumbens in the Pyrenees and Carpathians Walas Ł, Pietras M, Mazur M, Romo Á, Tasenkevich L, Didukh Y, Boratyński A Plants (Basel) 26-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10574852
doi:10.3390/plants12193399
PMID:37836139
Diverging trends and drivers of Arctic flower production in Greenland over space and time Becker-Scarpitta A, Antão LH, Schmidt NM, Blanchet FG, Kaarlejärvi E, Raundrup K, Roslin T Polar Biol 12-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10425507
doi:10.1007/s00300-023-03164-2
PMID:37589013
Scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants Obrist DS, Fitzpatrick OT, Brown NE, Hanly PJ, Nijland W, Reshitnyk LY, Wickham SB, Darimont CT, Reynolds JD, Starzomski BM Ecol Evol 09-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9461347
doi:10.1002/ece3.9270
PMID:36177118
Transient Effects of Snow Cover Duration on Primary Growth and Leaf Traits in a Tundra Shrub Unterholzner L, Prendin AL, Dibona R, Menardi R, Casolo V, Gargiulo S, Boscutti F, Carrer M Front Plant Sci 05-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9037292
doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.822901
PMID:35481143
Identification of Lagopus muta japonica food plant resources in the Northern Japan Alps using DNA metabarcoding Fujii T, Ueno K, Shirako T, Nakamura M, Minami M PLoS One 10-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8912148
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252632
PMID:35271584
Decades-long phylogeographic issues: complex historical processes and ecological factors on genetic structure of alpine plants in the Japanese Archipelago Ikeda H J Plant Res 15-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8894158
doi:10.1007/s10265-022-01377-w
PMID:35166981
Comparative anatomy of leaf petioles in temperate trees and shrubs: the role of plant size, environment and phylogeny Filartiga AL, Klimeš A, Altman J, Nobis MP, Crivellaro A, Schweingruber F, Doležal J Ann Bot 07-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC9007101
doi:10.1093/aob/mcac014
PMID:35136925
Critical summer foraging tradeoffs in a subarctic ungulate Ehlers L, Coulombe G, Herriges J, Bentzen T, Suitor M, Joly K, Hebblewhite M Ecol Evol 06-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8717276
doi:10.1002/ece3.8349
PMID:35003643
Hidden biodiversity in microarthropods (Acari, Oribatida, Eremaeoidea, Caleremaeus) Lienhard A, Krisper G Sci Rep 30-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8632897
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02602-7
PMID:34848782
Rapid evolution of post-zygotic reproductive isolation is widespread in Arctic plant lineages Gustafsson AL, Gussarova G, Borgen L, Ikeda H, Antonelli A, Marie-Orleach L, Rieseberg LH, Brochmann C Ann Bot 13-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8796670
doi:10.1093/aob/mcab128
PMID:34643673
Pulse grazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) can increase the phylogenetic diversity of vascular plant communities in the Fennoscandian tundra Gibson K, Olofsson J, Mooers AØ, Monroe MJ Ecol Evol 07-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8571604
doi:10.1002/ece3.8131
PMID:34765128
Large and small herbivores have strong effects on tundra vegetation in Scandinavia and Alaska Lindén E, Gough L, Olofsson J Ecol Evol 02-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8427618
doi:10.1002/ece3.7977
PMID:34522366
Lichens buffer tundra microclimate more than the expanding shrub Betula nana Mallen-Cooper M, Graae BJ, Cornwell WK Ann Bot 14-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8414922
doi:10.1093/aob/mcab041
PMID:33714989
Bioclimatic gradients and soil property trends from northernmost mainland Norway to the Svalbard archipelago. Does the arctic biome extend into mainland Norway? Bandekar G, Vestgarden LS, Jenkins A, Odland A PLoS One 17-Sep-2020
PMCID:PMC7498165
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239183
PMID:32941518

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]phenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 162845750 Click to see 478.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
[6-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]phenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 74819291 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=O)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O 478.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
1-[2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one 162993903 Click to see 450.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
1-[2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one 12308643 Click to see 450.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
1-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one 70687204 Click to see 436.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
1-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one 25791507 Click to see 436.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
6''-O-Acetylphloridzin 38357854 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=O)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O 478.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
CID 11190157 11190157 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O 450.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
Phlorizine 4789 Click to see 436.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones
Phloretin 4788 Click to see 274.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 29920090 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O 390.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
(e)-resveratrol 3-O-alpha-d-glucopyranoside 11968839 Click to see 390.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
2-[3-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol 393787 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O 390.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4
Polydatin 5281718 Click to see 390.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00200-4

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Collections Top

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