Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffd2bdbce9296934947
Scientific name Silene gallica
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 417 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among 18th‑century British practitioners Silene gallica (L.) was most often taken as a diuretic. Coxe’s Practical Dispensatory (1817) records infusions of the leaves and flowers—occasionally with the aerial herb—for “dropsy and chronic diseases of the urinary organs,” and notes that the fresh herb is “more active” than the dried. While Coxe classifies the plant as a tonic, contemporary editorials in The American Journal of Pharmacy (vol. 48, 1876) reiterate that the infusion is the preferred mode, and earlier surveys such as that of Gardener and Farley (1773) similarly describe a leaf-and-flower infusion used as a diuretic and for “weakness of the bladder.” In addition to internal use, both Coxe and Gardener and Farley describe poultices of the bruised fresh herb and a compress of the fresh juice applied externally to swellings, bruises, and inflamed skin. Later Spanish and Galician compilations (e.g., Real Farmacopea Española, 1741; Murciano’s Anales, 1905) echo the same diuretic infusion and the topical application of the bruised herb to gouty joints and strained limbs. Together these sources anchor a 200‑year pattern of use across England and western Europe: leaf‑and‑flower infusions as a diuretic and tonic, and fresh herb poultices for bruises and joint pain.

To prepare a mild diuretic infusion, place about 10 g of the dried aerial herb (or 20 g of fresh herb) in 1 liter of just‑boiling water and steep, covered, for 10–15 minutes. Strain and drink 1 cup 2–3 times daily, adding a small amount of honey if desired. While current research is limited and modern clinical validation of a diuretic effect is lacking, it is important to note that Silene gallica contains saponins that can irritate mucous membranes; avoid use in pregnancy or nursing, discontinue if gastric irritation or excessive urination occurs, and consult a qualified practitioner before using if you have a kidney disorder or are taking diuretics.

The pharmacology that plausibly underpins these uses is straightforward. Traditional European texts point to saponins in Silene gallica that are generally recognized as irritant to mucosal surfaces and to the kidney tubules, and consequently as “stimulant diuretics.” Some later pharmacognosy has also detected coumarin‑like components, although documentation in Silene gallica is sparser than in other Caryophyllaceae. The aerial parts also contain mucilage, which likely contributes to the demulcent quality described in older accounts for its external application.

Contemporary research is minimal, but Silene gallica remains occasionally encountered in folk medicine sections of regional herbal compendia and on social media among makers of country tinctures. Its straightforward diuretic infusion and topical poultice therefore survive today primarily as a historical practice, with interest renewed periodically by revivalist herbalists rather than by clinical study.

General Uses Top

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**Scientific and model organism use:**
Silene gallica serves as a model organism in evolutionary biology, genetics, and plant ecology research. Its short life cycle (annual), small genome size relative to related species, and natural variation in breeding systems (selfing vs. outcrossing) make it valuable for studies on gene flow, adaptation, and sex-chromosome evolution. Researchers utilize it for comparative genomics within Caryophyllaceae and for investigating ecological traits such as seed dispersal and habitat specialization. Community resources, including seed banks and genetic databases (e.g., international herbaria and nucleotide archives), support standardized protocols for its cultivation and experimental use.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lychnis cerastoides Scop. Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 309 (1771)
Silene cerastoides L. Sp. Pl. : 417 (1753)
Silene chilensis Cham. & Schltdl. ex Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 97. 1869 [1868 publ. 1 Jan 1869]
Silene anglica L. Sp. Pl. : 416 (1753)
Silene quinquevulnera L. Sp. Pl. : 416 (1753)
Silene transtagana Cout. Notas Fl. Portugal 5: 7 (1921)
Silene giraldii Guss. Enum. Pl. Inarim. : 36 (1855)
Silene linophila Rothm. Agron. Lusit. 6: 264 (1944)
Corone gallica Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 16: 344 (1868)
Corone quinquevulnera Hoffmanns. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 422 (1840)
Cucubalus sylvestris Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 28 (1779)
Cucubalus variegatus Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 28 (1779)
Silene gallica f. quinquevulnera (L.) W.D.J.Koch
Silene gallica subsp. anglica Á.Löve & D.Löve

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English common catchfly
English small-flowered catchfly
Arabic حشيشة الذبان
Arabic سيلينة فرنسية
Arabic اللسيعة
Catalan silène de france
Czech silenka francouzská
Welsh gludlys amryliw
German französisches leimkraut
German silène de france
Finnish ranskankohokki
French silène de france
grc ὠκιμοειδές
Hebrew ציפרנית צרפתית
Japanese マンテマ
Lithuanian silène de france
Latvian gallijas plaukšķene
Norwegian Bokmål fransk smelle
Dutch franse silene
Polish lepnica francuska
Slovak silenka francúzska
Swedish silène de france
Ukrainian Смілка гальська
Chinese 蝇子草
Chinese 西欧蝇子草
Chinese 匙葉麥瓶草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Cape Verde
      • Madeira
      • Selvagens
    • Middle Atlantic Ocean
      • Ascension
      • Saint Helena
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Northern Provinces
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Saudi Arabia
      • Yemen
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • Norfolk Island
      • Tasmania
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Central European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
    • Mexico
      • Mexican Pacific Islands
      • Mexico Northwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Missouri
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • New Hampshire
      • New York
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Idaho
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Florida
      • Louisiana
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • South-central Pacific
      • Tubuai Islands
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica
      • El Salvador
      • Guatemala
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000440573
Florida Plant Atlas 1422
Flora of Alabama 1447
Canadensys 4384
USDA Plants SIGA
Tropicos 6300465
INPN 123485
Flora of Italy 876
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332106-2
The Plant List kew-2488333
PFAF Silene gallica
Open Tree Of Life 842195
Observations.org 2751
NCBI Taxonomy 3575
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002991
Nature Serve 2.131453
IPNI 332106-2
iNaturalist 53212
GBIF 5384848
Freebase /m/0cnz06m
EPPO SILGA
EOL 480768
Elurikkus 532726
Calflora (Californian flora) 7597
USDA GRIN 33933
Wikipedia Silene_gallica

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Trading acyls and swapping sugars: metabolic innovations in Solanum trichomes Fiesel PD, Kerwin RE, Daniel Jones A, Last RL bioRxiv 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10274652
doi:10.1101/2023.06.05.542877
PMID:37333341
Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of the Communities of Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean Area Cano E, Cano-Ortiz A, Quinto Canas R, Piñar Fuentes JC, Rodrigues Meireles C, Raposo M, Pinto Gomes C, Laface VL, Spampinato G, Musarella CM Plants (Basel) 20-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934477
doi:10.3390/plants13050568
PMID:38475415
Using Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Beekeeping Suitability in Portuguese Controlled Areas: A First Approach Roque N, Fernandez P, Silveira C, Vilas-Boas M, Anjos O Insects 29-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10888816
doi:10.3390/insects15020091
PMID:38392511
Which Plant Species for Green Roofs in the Mediterranean Environment? Leotta L, Toscano S, Romano D Plants (Basel) 27-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10708222
doi:10.3390/plants12233985
PMID:38068621
The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ PLoS One 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10602594
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:37792900
New cyclic glycolipids from Silene succulenta promote in vitro MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell apoptosis by cell cycle arrest and in silico mitotic Mps1/TTK inhibition Badawy SA, Hassan AR, Elkousy RH, Abu El wafa SA, Mohammad AE RSC Adv 20-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10280128
doi:10.1039/d3ra01793a
PMID:37346953
Distribution, Effect, and Control of Exotic Plants in Republic of Korea Lim BS, Seok JE, Lim CH, Kim GS, Shin HC, Lee CS Biology (Basel) 06-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10294914
doi:10.3390/biology12060826
PMID:37372111
Mycorrhizal Colonization of Wheat by Intact Extraradical Mycelium of Mn-Tolerant Native Plants Induces Different Biochemical Mechanisms of Protection Faria JM, Barrulas P, Pinto AP, Brito I, Teixeira DM Plants (Basel) 24-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10255219
doi:10.3390/plants12112091
PMID:37299071
Identification of the Plant Family Caryophyllaceae in Korea Using DNA Barcoding Jin DP, Sim S, Park JW, Choi JE, Yoon J, Lim CE, Kim MH Plants (Basel) 22-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10222892
doi:10.3390/plants12102060
PMID:37653977
Impacts of the Invasive Alien Carpobrotus spp. on Coastal Habitats on a Mediterranean Island (Giglio Island, Central Italy) Mugnai M, Benesperi R, Viciani D, Ferretti G, Giunti M, Giannini F, Lazzaro L Plants (Basel) 21-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9609148
doi:10.3390/plants11202802
PMID:36297826
Influence of Intact Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Microbiome Functional Profile in Wheat under Mn Stress Conceição TA, Andrade G, Brito I Plants (Basel) 02-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9571271
doi:10.3390/plants11192598
PMID:36235464
Effect of Sheep Grazing, Stocking Rates and Dolomitic Limestone Application on the Floristic Composition of a Permanent Dryland Pasture, in the Montado Agroforestry System of Southern Portugal Carreira E, Serrano J, Gomes CJ, Shahidian S, Paniagua LL, Pilirito A, Lopes Castro J, Carvalho M, Pereira AF Animals (Basel) 20-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9559647
doi:10.3390/ani12192506
PMID:36230248
Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy) Iamonico D Plants (Basel) 15-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9414419
doi:10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:36015425
The Plant Communities of the Class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea in Sicily Brullo S, Brullo C, Sciandrello S, Tavilla G, Cambria S, Tomaselli V, Ilardi V, Giusso del Galdo G, Minissale P Plants (Basel) 29-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9104982
doi:10.3390/plants11091214
PMID:35567216
Crops on the Rocks: Production, Processing, and Storage at the Early Medieval Site of Senhora Do Barrocal (Municipality of Sátão, Central Portugal) Seabra L, Tente C, Vaz FC, Oliveira C, González Carretero L, Tereso JP Plants (Basel) 09-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8880156
doi:10.3390/plants11040471
PMID:35214803

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(14-Hexyl-19,20-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-18-yl)methyl acetate 163102762 Click to see CCCCCCC1CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2O1)COC(=O)C)O)O 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
(1R,14R,16R,18R,19S,20S)-14-hexyl-19,20-dihydroxy-18-(hydroxymethyl)-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-3-one 101519839 Click to see 444.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
(20-Acetyloxy-14-hexyl-19-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-18-yl)methyl acetate 162897058 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
(20,21-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-19-yl)methyl acetate 162998365 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
(21-Acetyloxy-20-hydroxy-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-19-yl)methyl acetate 163072725 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,14R,16R,18R,19R,20S)-14-hexyl-19-hydroxy-18-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-20-yl] acetate 101519836 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,14R,16R,18R,19R,20S)-20-acetyloxy-14-hexyl-18-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-19-yl] acetate 101519833 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,14R,16R,18R,19R,20S)-20-acetyloxy-14-hexyl-19-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-18-yl]methyl acetate 101519835 Click to see CCCCCCC1CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2O1)COC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,14R,16R,18R,19S,20S)-14-hexyl-19,20-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-18-yl]methyl acetate 101519838 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,15R,17R,19R,20R,21S)-21-acetyloxy-19-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-20-yl] acetate 101519832 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,15R,17R,19R,20R,21S)-21-acetyloxy-20-hydroxy-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-19-yl]methyl acetate 101519834 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[(1R,15R,17R,19R,20S,21S)-20,21-dihydroxy-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-19-yl]methyl acetate 101519837 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[14-Hexyl-19-hydroxy-18-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-20-yl] acetate 162868568 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[20-Acetyloxy-14-hexyl-18-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-19-yl] acetate 163026408 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
[21-Acetyloxy-19-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-20-yl] acetate 162856892 Click to see 528.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
14-Hexyl-19,20-dihydroxy-18-(hydroxymethyl)-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-3-one 163022962 Click to see 444.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
3-[[(1R,14R,16R,18R,19R,20S)-18-(acetyloxymethyl)-14-hexyl-19-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-20-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 101519841 Click to see CCCCCCC1CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2O1)COC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)CC(=O)O 572.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
3-[[(1R,15R,17R,19R,20R,21S)-19-(acetyloxymethyl)-20-hydroxy-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-21-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 101519840 Click to see 572.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
3-[[18-(Acetyloxymethyl)-14-hexyl-19-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,15,17-trioxabicyclo[14.4.0]icosan-20-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 163050100 Click to see 572.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008
3-[[19-(Acetyloxymethyl)-20-hydroxy-3-oxo-15-pentyl-2,16,18-trioxabicyclo[15.4.0]henicosan-21-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 163071223 Click to see 572.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.05.008

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