Buxus balearica
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400e59b17a1767749637 |
| Scientific name | Buxus balearica |
| Authority | Lam. |
| First published in | Encycl. 1: 511 (1785) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Live ornamental plants marketed as hedging and topiary shrubs for formal gardens, landscape design and Mediterranean xeriscapes.
- Dwarf cultivars supplied for container planting and indoor decorative use.
- Cut stems and foliage used by florists in arrangements.
Industrial and craft applications:
- The timber is employed for fine carving, turning and the production of small decorative objects such as chess pieces, tool handles, and inlay work.
- Historically used for printing blocks and for components of woodwind instruments where stability and smooth finish are required.
- Small turned items like brush backs, knobs and miniature model parts are also produced from this dense wood.
Wood and fiber:
- The heartwood is dense, fine‑grained and typically yellow‑brown in color, yielding a smooth surface when machined.
- It is harvested as a specialty timber for craft industries, where its uniform grain and low extractive content enable clear finishes and minimal bleed‑through of finishing products.
Properties relevant to use:
- The wood typically shows a dry density of about 1.0–1.2 g cm⁻³, a Janka hardness in the range of 10–12 kN, low radial and tangential shrinkage (≈ 0.2–0.3 % each), and a relatively high lignin content (≈ 30 % of dry weight).
- Low resin and extractive levels contribute to minimal surface bleeding when stained or varnished, facilitating precise finishing.
- These combined properties give the timber high dimensional stability, good surface finish and resistance to wear, making it suitable for precision work such as carving, turning and inlay.
Standards and regulation:
- In the European Union the species is listed in the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) under Annex II (species of community interest requiring conservation) and Annex IV (strictly protected flora).
- It is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (assessment 2020).
- All international trade is subject to CITES Appendix II controls; export and import require CITES permits and are monitored under the EU Wildlife Trade Regulation.
- National legislation in Spain, particularly in the Balearic Islands, prohibits collection from wild populations without a permit.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Wild populations of Buxus balearica are limited, and harvesting from the wild is generally prohibited.
- Commercial supply relies on cultivated plants propagated by stem cuttings in nurseries; sustainable plantation management and periodic replanting are recommended to meet conservation objectives.
- Trade must comply with CITES and EU regulations, and documented chain‑of‑custody records are required for legal export.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Buxus haleppica | hort. ex K.Koch | Dendrologie 2(2): 477 (1873) |
| Buxus longifolia | Boiss. | Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 107 (1853) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | balearic boxwood |
| Arabic | شمشاد بلياري |
| Catalan | boix baleàric |
| German | balearen-buchsbaum |
| French | buis des baleares |
| French | buis des baléares |
| Upper Sorbian | balearski buksowc |
| Norwegian Bokmål | balearbuksbom |
| Chinese | 西班牙黄杨 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
-
Northern Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Western Asia
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
-
Western Asia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Southwestern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000576455 |
| USDA Plants | BUBA6 |
| Tropicos | 50002974 |
| INPN | 87138 |
| Flora of Italy | 3060 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340272-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2687848 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 290622 |
| PFAF | Buxus balearica |
| Open Tree Of Life | 572096 |
| Observations.org | 115686 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 153563 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000042072 |
| IPNI | 340272-1 |
| iNaturalist | 333996 |
| GBIF | 3988113 |
| EPPO | BUXBA |
| USDA GRIN | 8201 |
| Wikipedia | Buxus_balearica |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| [(6S,7S,8R,11R,12S,14R,15S,16R)-6-benzamido-15-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-7,12,16-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),3-dienyl] acetate | 9985333 | Click to see | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| [6-Benzamido-15-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-7,12,16-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),3-dienyl] acetate | 85083315 | Click to see | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| 1-(6,10,15,19-Tetramethyl-17-oxa-19-azapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,11.06,10.015,20]docosa-1,3-dien-7-yl)ethanone | 14286098 | Click to see CC(=O)C1CCC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC5C4(COCN5C)C)C)C | 397.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| 1-[(6R,7S,10S,11R,14R,15R,20S)-6,10,15,19-tetramethyl-17-oxa-19-azapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,11.06,10.015,20]docosa-1,3-dien-7-yl]ethanone | 163189600 | Click to see | 397.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| 1-[(6R,7S,10S,11R,14R,15S,20S)-6,10,15,19-tetramethyl-17-oxa-19-azapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,11.06,10.015,20]docosa-1,3-dien-7-yl]ethanone | 101429599 | Click to see CC(=O)C1CCC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC5C4(COCN5C)C)C)C | 397.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| Cyclobuxeine F | 10370577 | Click to see | 560.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,14R,15S,16R)-6-(dimethylamino)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadec-4-en-14-ol | 163070372 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)C=CC(C5(C)C)N(C)C)C)C)O)NC | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15Z,16S)-15-ethylidene-12,16-dimethyl-6-(methylamino)-7-methylidenepentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-14-one | 101280215 | Click to see CC=C1C(=O)CC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5=C)NC)C)C | 353.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| 15-Ethylidene-12,16-dimethyl-6-(methylamino)-7-methylidenepentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-14-one | 72727435 | Click to see | 353.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| 6-(Dimethylamino)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadec-4-en-14-ol | 85102922 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| Buxasamarine | 10047438 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| Cyclobuxamidine | 10319511 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| N-[(1R,3R,6R,8S,11S,12S,15S,16R)-15-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-oxo-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]butanamide | 162933184 | Click to see CCCC(=O)NC1CCC23CC24C(CCC3C1(C)C)C5(CCC(C5(CC4=O)C)C(C)N(C)C)C | 470.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595073 |
| N-[12,16-dimethyl-15-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]-7-methylidene-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-N-methylacetamide | 163013534 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| N-[15-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-oxo-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]butanamide | 162933183 | Click to see CCCC(=O)NC1CCC23CC24C(CCC3C1(C)C)C5(CCC(C5(CC4=O)C)C(C)N(C)C)C | 470.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595073 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 20-oxosteroids | |||||
| 1-[(1S,3S,6S,11S,12S,16S)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-(methylamino)-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadeca-8,14-dienyl]ethanone | 162998789 | Click to see | 367.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| 1-[7,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-6-(methylamino)-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadeca-8,14-dienyl]ethanone | 162998788 | Click to see | 367.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Buxus alkaloids | |||||
| (+)-16alpha-Acetoxynorbuxabenzamidienine | 183756 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC(C4(C)C)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C)NC | 532.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| [(3S,6S,7S,8S,11R,12S,14R,15S,16R)-6-benzamido-15-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-7,12,16-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),4-dienyl] acetate | 10415806 | Click to see | 578.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| [(6S,7S,8R,11R,12S,14R,15S,16R)-6-benzamido-7-formyl-7,12,16-trimethyl-15-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),2-dienyl] acetate | 10768953 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC(C4(C)C=O)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C)NC | 546.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| [(6S,8R,11R,12S,14R,15S,16R)-6-benzamido-15-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),2-dienyl] acetate | 102330026 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC(C4(C)C)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C)N(C)C | 546.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| [(6S,8R,11R,12S,14R,15S,16R)-6-benzamido-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),2-dienyl] acetate | 163045570 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC(C4(C)C)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C)NC | 532.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-M |
| [6-Benzamido-15-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-7,12,16-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),4-dienyl] acetate | 76011077 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(C(C=CC4(C3)O)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)CO)C)C)OC(=O)C)N(C)C | 578.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q |
| [6-Benzamido-15-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),2-dienyl] acetate | 163029379 | Click to see | 546.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| [6-Benzamido-7-formyl-7,12,16-trimethyl-15-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]-14-tetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-1(18),2-dienyl] acetate | 85261623 | Click to see CC(C1C(CC2(C1(CC=C3C2CCC4C(=C3)CCC(C4(C)C=O)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C)NC | 546.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970207E |
| Buxalongifolamidine | 53324854 | Click to see | 578.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-Q https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100494U |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |