Lobelia cardinalis
Table of Contents
Details Top
Internal ID | UUID64402aa533aa3143881482 |
Scientific name | Lobelia cardinalis |
Authority | L. |
First published in | Sp. Pl. : 930 (1753) |
Description Top
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Lobelia cardinalis, also known as the cardinal flower, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the Americas. It can grow up to 1.2 meters tall and is typically found in wet areas such as streambanks and swamps. The plant has vibrant red flowers, but there are also forms with white and pink flowers. It is related to two other Lobelia species and is primarily pollinated by hummingbirds. The plant was introduced to Europe in the 1620s and is named after the red robes worn by Catholic Cardinals. In cultivation, it requires rich, moist soil and is easily propagated by seed or division. The plant has been used medicinally by indigenous peoples and is considered potentially toxic due to its alkaloid content. Symptoms of ingestion can include nausea, vomiting, and convulsions.
Synonyms Top
Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
---|---|---|
Lobelia cardinalis f. cordigera | (Cav.) Bowden | Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2060 (1982) |
Lobelia cardinalis f. hispidula | (E.Wimm.) Bowden | Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2057. 1982 |
Lobelia cardinalis var. propinqua | (Paxton) Bowden | Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2060 (1982) |
Lobelia cardinalis f. splendens | (Willd.) Bowden | Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2060. 1982 |
Lobelia schiedeana | Heynh. | Nom. Bot. Hort. : 367 (1840) |
Lobelia punicea | Otto & A.Dietr. | Allg. Gartenzeitung 7: 299 (1839) |
Lobelia propinqua | hort. ex Loudon | Suppl. Hort. Brit. 2: 646 (1850) |
Lobelia princeps | Otto & A.Dietr. | Allg. Gartenzeitung 7: 298 (1839) |
Lobelia porphyrantha | Decne. ex Groenland | Rev. Hort. (Paris) , sér. 4, 9: 118 (1860) |
Lobelia phyllostachya | Engelm. in Wisl. | Mem. Tour N. Mexico : 108 (1848) |
Lobelia graminea | Lam. | Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 3(2): 583. 1792 [13 Feb 1792] |
Lobelia longifolia | (C.Presl) A.DC. | Prodr. 7: 382 (1839) |
Lobelia kerneri | L.A.Nagy | Gartenflora 38: 302 (1889) |
Lobelia coccinea | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 343 (1812) |
Lobelia cordigera | Cav. | Icon. 6: 14 (1800) |
Lobelia fulgens | Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | Hort. Berol. : t. 85 (1809) |
Lobelia formosa | Roth | Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 50. 1819 (1819) |
Lobelia texensis | Raf. | Atlantic J. 1: 176 (1833) |
Lobelia splendens | Willd. | Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 2(8): t. 86. 1809 [Jan-Jun 1809] |
Rapuntium splendens | (Willd.) C.Presl | Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. : 26 (1836) |
Rapuntium coccineum | Moench | Suppl. Meth. : 277 (1802) |
Rapuntium cardinale | (L.) Mill. | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 1 (1768) |
Rapuntium cordigerum | C.Presl | Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. : 26 (1836) |
Rapuntium gramineum | C.Presl | Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. : 26 (1836) |
Rapuntium fulgens | (Hook. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) C.Presl | Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. : 26 (1836) |
Rapuntium longifolium | C.Presl | Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. : 26 (1836) |
Tupa ignescens | Payer | Traité Organogén. Fl. : t. 149 (1854) |
Lobelia fulgens f. rosea | Voss | Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 1: 575 1894 |
Lobelia fulgens var. multiflora | Paxton | Paxton's Mag. Bot. 14: 263 (1848) |
Lobelia fulgens var. propinqua | Paxton | Paxton's Mag. Bot. 2: 52 (1836) |
Lobelia graminea var. intermedia | E.Wimm. | Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 339 (1948) |
Lobelia splendens var. atrosanguinea | Hook. in Curtis | Bot. Mag. 69: t. 4002 (1843) |
Lobelia splendens var. fulgens | (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) S.Watson | Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 110 (1883) |
Lobelia splendens var. ignea | Hook. in Curtis | Bot. Mag. 83: t. 4960 (1857) |
Lobelia punicea var. kerneri | (L.A.Nagy) E.Wimm. | Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 339 (1948) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. multiflora | (Paxton) McVaugh | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 349 (1940) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. meridionalis | Bowden | Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 2: 241 (1960) |
Lobelia fulgens var. pyrimidalis | Paxton | Paxton's Mag. Bot. 14: 263 (1848) |
Lobelia cordigera var. fatalis | E.Wimm. | Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 340 (1948) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. pseudosplendens | McVaugh | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 348 (1940) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. phyllostachya | (Engelm.) McVaugh | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 349 (1940) |
Lobelia graminea f. kerneri | (L.A.Nagy) E.Wimm. | Pflanzenr. , IV, 276b: 415 (1953) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. graminea | (Lam.) McVaugh | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 348 (1940) |
Lobelia marryattae | Paxton | Paxton's Mag. Bot. 14: 263 (1848) |
Lobelia graminea var. phyllostachya | (Engelm.) E.Wimm. | Pflanzenr. , IV, 276b: 414 (1953) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. candida | Alph.Wood | Amer. Bot. Fl. : 195 (1870) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. integerrima | Alph.Wood | Amer. Bot. Fl. : 195 (1870) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. angustifolia | Vatke | Linnaea 38: 722 (1874) |
Lobelia cordigera var. marryattae | (Paxton) E.Wimm. | Pflanzenr. , IV, 276b: 418 (1953) |
Lobelia cordigera var. multiflora | (Paxton) E.Wimm. | Pflanzenr. , IV, 276b: 418 (1953) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. glandulosa | N.Coleman | Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan : 24 (1874) |
Lobelia cardinalis subsp. graminea | (Lam.) McVaugh | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 347 (1940) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. hispidula | E.Wimm. | Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 338 (1948) |
Lobelia cardinalis f. rosea | H.St.John | Rhodora 21: 217 (1920) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. texensis | (Raf.) Rothr. | Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6(Botany): 182 (1878 publ. 1879) |
Lobelia cardinalis var. alba | J.McNab | Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 61. 1835 |
Lobelia cardinalis f. alba | (J.McNab) H.St.John | Rhodora 21: 218 (1920) |
Lobelia fulgens var. glabriuscula | Klotzsch ex Walp. | Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 707. 1843 |
Lobelia splendens f. ignea | (Hook.) Voss | Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 1: 575 1894 |
Lobelia fulgens f. atrosanguinea | (Hook.) Voss | Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 , 1: 575 (1894) |
Lobelia cordigera var. pyramidalis | (Paxton) E.Wimm. | Pflanzenr. IV, 276b: 418. 1953 |
Lobelia fulgens var. marryattiae | (Paxton) Paxton | Paxton's Mag. Bot. 15: 7. 1849 |
Lobelia fulgens f. maculata | Voss | Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 1: 575 1894 |
Lobelia graminea var. pseudosplendens | (McVaugh) E.Wimm. | Pflanzenr. IV, 276b: 414. 1953 |
Dortmanna cardinalis | (L.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 380 (1891) |
Dortmanna cordigera | (Cav.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891) |
Dortmanna engelmanniana | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891) |
Dortmanna fulgens | (Willd.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891) |
Dortmanna graminea | (Lam.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891) |
Dortmanna longifolia | (C.Presl) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891) |
Dortmanna phyllostachya | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 973. 1891 [5 Nov 1891] |
Dortmanna splendens | (Willd.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 973 (1891) |
Lobelia cardinalis subsp. cardinalis | McVaugh in Woodson & Schery | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 348. 1940 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!Language | Common/alternative name |
---|---|
English | cardinalflower |
English | cardinal flower |
Arabic | لوبيلية كردينالية |
Bulgarian | пурпурна лобелия |
German | kardinals-lobelie |
German | schöne lobelie |
Hebrew | לובליה אדומה |
Japanese | ベニバナサワギキョウ |
Malayalam | ലോബെലിയ കാർഡിനാലിസ് |
nv | dahiitį́į́hildaaʼígíí |
Russian | лобелия пурпурная |
Thai | โลบีเลีย |
Turkish | kardinal çiçeği |
Chinese | 紅衣主教花 |
Chinese | 红衣主教花 |
Chinese | 红花山梗菜 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Ontario
- Québec
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Mexico
- Mexico Central
- Mexico Gulf
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Minnesota
- Missouri
- Nebraska
- Oklahoma
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
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South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Delaware
- District Of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- Arizona
- California
- Nevada
- Utah
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Eastern Canada
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Southern America click to expand
-
Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
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Central America
- Belize
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
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Western South America
- Colombia
-
Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!Database | ID/link to page |
---|---|
World Flora Online | wfo-0000814269 |
UNII | GT0PJ8MB5R |
Florida Plant Atlas | 3462 |
Flora of Alabama | 1333 |
Canadensys | 4182 |
USDA Plants | LOCA2 |
Tropicos | 5502376 |
INPN | 630050 |
KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:142115-2 |
The Plant List | kew-352312 |
Missouri Botanical Garden | 278870 |
Open Tree Of Life | 665771 |
Observations.org | 427530 |
NCBI Taxonomy | 76578 |
Nature Serve | 2.153707 |
IUCN Red List | 64317175 |
IPNI | 142115-2 |
iNaturalist | 48038 |
GBIF | 5408269 |
Freebase | /m/0dc8dp |
WisFlora | 4100 |
EPPO | LOBCA |
EOL | 577775 |
Elurikkus | 533391 |
Calflora (Californian flora) | 10072 |
USDA GRIN | 22456 |
Wikipedia | Lobelia_cardinalis |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession | Assembly | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
GCA_028566635.1 | ASM2856663v1 | Scaffold | Iridian Genomes | 2023-02-09 | 120.0x | 376.57 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(1,7-dihydroxytetradeca-4,12-dien-8,10-diyn-6-yloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 126968964 | Click to see CC=CC#CC#CC(C(C=CCCCO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O | 396.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00606-0 |
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(4E,6R,7R,12E)-1,7-dihydroxytetradeca-4,12-dien-8,10-diyn-6-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 145865807 | Click to see CC=CC#CC#CC(C(C=CCCCO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 558.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00606-0 |
Lobetyolinin | 5459227 | Click to see CC=CC#CC#CC(C(C=CCCCO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 558.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00606-0 |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Phenylquinolines | |||||
(4aR,5R,6R,7S,8aR)-1-methyl-5,7-diphenyl-6-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-quinoline | 11914139 | Click to see CN1CCCC2C1CC(C(C2C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=NCCCC4)C5=CC=CC=C5 | 386.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR38B-055 |
Lobinaline | 419029 | Click to see CN1CCCC2C1CC(C(C2C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=NCCCC4)C5=CC=CC=C5 | 386.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR38B-055 |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
(E)-3-[(S)-methylsulfinyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide | 163064027 | Click to see CS(=O)C=CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 332.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00606-0 |
Collections Top
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In public collections | 0 |