Canarina canariensis - Unknown
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Internal ID UUID64402c68a9dc3980638187
Scientific name Canarina canariensis
Authority (L.) Vatke
First published in Linnaea 38: 700 (1874)

Description Top

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Canarina canariensis, also known as the Canary Island bellflower or bicácaro, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family. It is a perennial herb with smooth, grey-green leaves and axillary, bell-shaped flowers that are orange in color. This plant is pollinated by birds and is endemic to the Canary Islands. It can be found in various regions of the islands, including Tenerife, Gran Canaria, La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro. In cultivation, it is valued for its attractive flowers and must be grown under glass in temperate regions. It has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in the UK.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Mindium canariense Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2: 79 (1837)
Campanula canariensis L. Sp. Pl. : 168 (1753)
Campanula hastifolia Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 127 (1796)
Canarina campanula L. Mant. Pl. 2: 225 (1771)
Canarina canariensis var. angustifolia G.Kunkel Cuad. Bot. Canaria 28: 56 (1976 publ. 1977)
Canarina laevigata G.Don ex Loudon Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 139. 1830

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English bicácaro
English canary island bellflower
Czech kanarína kanárská
German kanaren-glockenblume
Chinese 加那利吊钟花
Chinese 莺风铃

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000829407
Tropicos 5503894
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:141368-1
The Plant List kew-366766
Open Tree Of Life 512094
Observations.org 105126
NCBI Taxonomy 239432
IPNI 141368-1
iNaturalist 467283
GBIF 3161926
Freebase /m/0wy325z
EPPO KNRCA
EOL 5136093
Elurikkus 368407
USDA GRIN 8808
Wikipedia Canarina_canariensis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Fostering Conservation via an Integrated Use of Conventional Approaches and High-Throughput SPET Genotyping: A Case Study Using the Endangered Canarian Endemics Solanum lidii and S. vespertilio (Solanaceae) Gramazio P, Jaén-Molina R, Vilanova S, Prohens J, Marrero Á, Caujapé-Castells J, Anderson GJ Front Plant Sci 10-Jul-2020
PMCID:PMC7381301
doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00757
PMID:32754166
Intraspecific variation in the petal epidermal cell morphology of Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) Bailes EJ, Glover BJ Flora 01-Jul-2018
PMCID:PMC6039855
doi:10.1016/j.flora.2018.06.005
PMID:30008511
A tale of two forests: ongoing aridification drives population decline and genetic diversity loss at continental scale in Afro-Macaronesian evergreen-forest archipelago endemics Mairal M, Caujapé-Castells J, Pellissier L, Jaén-Molina R, Álvarez N, Heuertz M, Sanmartín I Ann Bot 14-Jun-2018
PMCID:PMC6266103
doi:10.1093/aob/mcy107
PMID:29905771
Phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of relevant lineages within the complex Campanulaceae family in Macaronesia Menezes T, Romeiras MM, de Sequeira MM, Moura M Ecol Evol 23-Nov-2017
PMCID:PMC5756848
doi:10.1002/ece3.3640
PMID:29321854
Population Structure, Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary History of Kleinia neriifolia (Asteraceae) on the Canary Islands Sun Y, Vargas-Mendoza CF Front Plant Sci 30-Jun-2017
PMCID:PMC5492869
doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01180
PMID:28713419
Colonization and diversification of the Euphorbia species (sect. Aphyllis subsect. Macaronesicae) on the Canary Islands Sun Y, Li Y, Vargas-Mendoza CF, Wang F, Xing F Sci Rep 29-Sep-2016
PMCID:PMC5041082
doi:10.1038/srep34454
PMID:27681300
Diversity hotspots of the laurel forest on Tenerife, Canary Islands: a phylogeographic study of Laurus and Ixanthus Betzin A, Thiv M, Koch MA Ann Bot 06-Jul-2016
PMCID:PMC4998983
doi:10.1093/aob/mcw124
PMID:27390352
Genetic structure of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in Tenerife, the imprint of geological history and hybridization on within‐island diversification Puppo P, Curto M, Meimberg H Ecol Evol 20-Apr-2016
PMCID:PMC5513284
doi:10.1002/ece3.2094
PMID:28725348
Early evolution of the angiosperm clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica Barreda VD, Palazzesi L, Tellería MC, Olivero EB, Raine JI, Forest F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 10-Aug-2015
PMCID:PMC4568267
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423653112
PMID:26261324
Nectar sugars and bird visitation define a floral niche for basidiomycetous yeast on the Canary Islands Mittelbach M, Yurkov AM, Nocentini D, Nepi M, Weigend M, Begerow D BMC Ecol 01-Feb-2015
PMCID:PMC4318194
doi:10.1186/s12898-015-0036-x
PMID:25638173
Campanulaceae: a family with small seeds that require light for germination Koutsovoulou K, Daws MI, Thanos CA Ann Bot 14-Nov-2013
PMCID:PMC3864721
doi:10.1093/aob/mct250
PMID:24232382
Somatic deleterious mutation rate in a woody plant: estimation from phenotypic data Bobiwash K, Schultz ST, Schoen DJ Heredity (Edinb) 19-Jun-2013
PMCID:PMC3807267
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.57
PMID:23778990
Insects, birds and lizards as pollinators of the largest-flowered Scrophularia of Europe and Macaronesia Ortega-Olivencia A, Rodríguez-Riaño T, Pérez-Bote JL, López J, Mayo C, Valtueña FJ, Navarro-Pérez M Ann Bot 20-Oct-2011
PMCID:PMC3241579
doi:10.1093/aob/mcr255
PMID:22021816
Resolving the Evolutionary History of Campanula (Campanulaceae) in Western North America Wendling BM, Galbreath KE, DeChaine EG PLoS One 09-Sep-2011
PMCID:PMC3170292
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023559
PMID:21931605
Have giant lobelias evolved several times independently? Life form shifts and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan and highly diverse subfamily Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) Antonelli A BMC Biol 26-Nov-2009
PMCID:PMC2789055
doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-82
PMID:19941635

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(4aR,6aR,6aS,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 392170 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(=O)CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)(C)C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 500344 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(=O)CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)(C)C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
Taraxerone 92785 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(=O)CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)(C)C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(6,10,10,14,15,18,21,21-Octamethyl-2-oxahexacyclo[13.8.0.01,3.05,14.06,11.018,23]tricosan-9-yl) acetate 162857470 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC4C5(C3(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C)C)O4)C)C 484.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
[(1R,3S,5R,6R,9S,11R,14R,15S,18R,23R)-6,10,10,14,15,18,21,21-octamethyl-2-oxahexacyclo[13.8.0.01,3.05,14.06,11.018,23]tricosan-9-yl] acetate 101992960 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC4C5(C3(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C)C)O4)C)C 484.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
Beta-Amyrin 73145 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
(4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate 3580556 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3=C2CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C 468.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5
[(3S,4aR,6aS,6bS,8aR,12aR,14bS)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 14167362 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3=C2CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C 468.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00118-5

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