Onopordum illyricum, also known as Illyrian thistle or Illyrian cottonthistle, is a biennial herb native to southwestern Europe. It has been introduced to Australia and California, where it has become a problematic weed. The plant can grow over two meters tall and has spiny leaves with deep toothed lobes. Its inflorescence produces large flower heads lined with spiny, woolly or cobwebby phyllaries and purple flowers. The fruit is a cylindrical achene topped with a white pappus.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Onopordum illyricum subsp. delortii	(Timb.-Lagr.) Arènes	Arènes in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10. 1942. 226 1942

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	illyrian cottonthistle
Spanish	onopordum arabicum
Spanish	arrecata
Spanish	arrecate
Spanish	cardo cabeza de turco
Spanish	cardo del demonio
Spanish	cardos toberos
Spanish	carduus illyricus
Spanish	onopordum cardunculus
Spanish	onopordum delortii
Spanish	onopordum illyricum subsp. delortii
Spanish	onopordum spectabile
Croatian	magareće zelje

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Onopordum illyricum subsp. cardunculus	(Boiss.) Franco	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(1): 46 (1975)
Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum	L.	Sp. Pl. 2:827 (1753)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow at 4°C for 3 weeks, then increase to 20°C.

Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Turkey

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - South Australia
  - Victoria

Europe click to expand
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000061670
USDA Plants	ONIL
Tropicos	2702922
INPN	110260
Flora of Italy	5933
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:235304-1
The Plant List	gcc-18691
PFAF	Onopordum illyricum
Open Tree Of Life	575504
Observations.org	128891
NCBI Taxonomy	297478
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0200002742
Nature Serve	2.860106
IPNI	235304-1
iNaturalist	78260
GBIF	3094910
Freebase	/m/03qhpy7
EPPO	ONRIL
EOL	482534
Calflora (Californian flora)	5917
USDA GRIN	25767
Wikipedia	Onopordum_illyricum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A Nanotechnological Approach to Exploit and Enhance the Bioactivity of an Extract from Onopordum illyricum L. Leaves

Caddeo C, Tuberoso CI, Floris S, Masala V, Sanna C, Pintus F

Plants (Basel)

26-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10096861
doi:	10.3390/plants12071453
PMID:	37050078

Effects of Prickly Burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach.) Control and Sheep Grazing on Hay Yield and Quality on Gökçeada Island, Turkey

Alatürk F, Gökkuş A, Özaslan Parlak A, Baytekin H, Tölü C

Animals (Basel)

08-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9686760
doi:	10.3390/ani12223073
PMID:	36428300

Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy)

Iamonico D

Plants (Basel)

15-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414419
doi:	10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:	36015425

A Novel Sesquiterpene Lactone Xanthatin-13-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) Isolated from Burdock Leaf Up-Regulates Cells’ Oxidative Stress Defense Pathway

Idres YA, Tousch D, Cazals G, Lebrun A, Naceri S, Bidel LP, Poucheret P

Antioxidants (Basel)

14-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC8533074
doi:	10.3390/antiox10101617
PMID:	34679753

Less COVID-19 deaths in southern and insular Italy explained by forest bathing, Mediterranean environment, and antiviral plant volatile organic compounds

Roviello V, Roviello GN

Environ Chem Lett

01-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8408569
doi:	10.1007/s10311-021-01309-5
PMID:	34483793

Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity

Magaña AA, Kamimura N, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS

Plant J

23-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC9084498
doi:	10.1111/tpj.15390
PMID:	34171156

An unknown hotspot of plant diversity in the heart of the Central Apennine: flora and vegetation outline of Mt. Pozzoni-St. Rufo valley (Cittareale, Rieti)

Lattanzi E, Del Vico E, Tranquilli R, Farris E, Marignani M, Rosati L

PhytoKeys

31-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8390790
doi:	10.3897/phytokeys.178.62947
PMID:	34475797

Identification of a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Arctium lappa Leaves with Antioxidant Activity in Primary Human Muscle Cells

El Khatib N, Morel S, Hugon G, Rapior S, Carnac G, Saint N

Molecules

02-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC7958318
doi:	10.3390/molecules26051328
PMID:	33801315

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antiprotozoal Potentials of Artemisia copa Phil. (Asteraceae)

Larrazábal-Fuentes MJ, Fernández-Galleguillos C, Palma-Ramírez J, Romero-Parra J, Sepúlveda K, Galetovic A, González J, Paredes A, Bórquez J, Simirgiotis MJ, Echeverría J

Front Pharmacol

04-Dec-2020

PMCID:	PMC7746865
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2020.594174
PMID:	33343365

Contribution to the Orophilous Cushion-Like Vegetation of Central-Southern and Insular Greece

Musarella CM, Brullo S, del Galdo GG

Plants (Basel)

30-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7760968
doi:	10.3390/plants9121678
PMID:	33266088

Lower COVID-19 mortality in Italian forested areas suggests immunoprotection by Mediterranean plants

Roviello V, Roviello GN

Environ Chem Lett

14-Aug-2020

PMCID:	PMC7427271
doi:	10.1007/s10311-020-01063-0
PMID:	32837486

Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula

Morente M, Cornara D, Plaza M, Durán JM, Capiscol C, Trillo R, Ruiz M, Ruz C, Sanjuan S, Pereira JA, Moreno A, Fereres A

Insects

01-Dec-2018

PMCID:	PMC6315892
doi:	10.3390/insects9040175
PMID:	30513710

Molecular docking and ADME properties of bioactive molecules against human acid-beta-glucosidase enzyme, cause of Gaucher’s disease

Subramaniyan V, Mathiyalagan S, Praveenkumar A, Srinivasan P, Palani M, Ravichandran V, Nallasamy P

In Silico Pharmacol

12-Mar-2018

PMCID:	PMC6314663
doi:	10.1007/s40203-018-0039-3
PMID:	30607316

The wild taxa utilized as vegetables in Sicily (Italy): a traditional component of the Mediterranean diet

Geraci A, Amato F, Di Noto G, Bazan G, Schicchi R

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

14-Feb-2018

PMCID:	PMC5813353
doi:	10.1186/s13002-018-0215-x
PMID:	29444678

Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

Hughes PW

Ecol Evol

07-Sep-2017

PMCID:	PMC5648687
doi:	10.1002/ece3.3341
PMID:	29075446

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
Arctii;NSC 315527;Arctigenin-4-glucoside	3660596	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)OC	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
Arctiin	100528	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)OC	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
[(1R,3S,4R,7R,8R,10S,11R,12S)-3,7-dihydroxy-11-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-8-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-10-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	162859424	Click to see CC12CC(C(C3C1C(CCC2O)C(O3)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	396.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[3,7-Dihydroxy-11-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-8-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-10-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	73819267	Click to see CC12CC(C(C3C1C(CCC2O)C(O3)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	396.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
(2S)-2-[(1R,2R,3R,4S,6S)-3-(1-carboxyethenyl)-4-ethenyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl]-2-hydroxypropanoic acid	162848897	Click to see CC1(CC(C(C(C1C(=C)C(=O)O)O)C(C)(C(=O)O)O)O)C=C	314.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[(1S,2S,3R,4R,5S)-5-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexyl] 2-(acetyloxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	163188504	Click to see CC(=O)OCC(=C)C(=O)OC1CC(C(C(C1C(=C)C(=O)OC)O)C(=C)CO)(C)C=C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[5-Ethenyl-3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexyl] 2-(acetyloxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	162845615	Click to see CC(=O)OCC(=C)C(=O)OC1CC(C(C(C1C(=C)C(=O)OC)O)C(=C)CO)(C)C=C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[5-Ethenyl-3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexyl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	13891363	Click to see CC1(CC(C(C(C1C(=C)CO)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO)C=C	380.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
2-[3-(1-Carboxyethenyl)-4-ethenyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl]-2-hydroxypropanoic acid	85188148	Click to see CC1(CC(C(C(C1C(=C)C(=O)O)O)C(C)(C(=O)O)O)O)C=C	314.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
Elemacarmanin	13891365	Click to see CC1(CC(C(C(C1C(=C)CO)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO)C=C	380.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,5R,8R,8aR)-5-formyl-4,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-8a-methyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	14287842	Click to see CC12CC(C(C(C1C(CCC2O)C=O)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	396.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,5S,8R,8aR)-5-formyl-4,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-8a-methyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	162941567	Click to see CC12CC(C(C(C1C(CCC2O)C=O)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	396.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[5-formyl-4,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-8a-methyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)but-2-enoate	73819268	Click to see CC=C(CO)C(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC(C2C(C1C(=C)C(=O)OC)O)C=O)O)C	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[5-formyl-4,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-8a-methyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	14287841	Click to see CC12CC(C(C(C1C(CCC2O)C=O)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	396.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
Sjdlijhkrinttq-ygfnrweosa-	21668799	Click to see CC=C(CO)C(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC(C2C(C1C(=C)C(=O)OC)O)C=O)O)C	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(6-Methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl) 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	163066565	Click to see CC1=CCCC=CC2C(C(C1)OC(=O)C(=C)CO)C(=C)C(=O)O2	318.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[(3aR,4S,6E,10Z,11aR)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	163066566	Click to see CC1=CCCC=CC2C(C(C1)OC(=O)C(=C)CO)C(=C)C(=O)O2	318.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
[(3aR,4S,6E,10E,11aR)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] (Z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)but-2-enoate	162951842	Click to see CC=C(CO)C(=O)OC1CC(=CCCC(=CC2C1C(=C)C(=O)O2)CO)C	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[10-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)but-2-enoate	75059670	Click to see CC=C(CO)C(=O)OC1CC(=CCCC(=CC2C1C(=C)C(=O)O2)CO)C	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
(3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl) 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	163011242	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=CCCC=CC2OC1=O)C)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	320.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
[(3S,3aR,4S,6E,10Z,11aS)-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	163011243	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=CCCC=CC2OC1=O)C)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	320.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
(2S)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]phenyl]propan-1-ol	162853039	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC(CO)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3C(C4=C(O3)C(=CC(=C4)CCCO)OC)CO)CO)OC	538.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]phenyl]propan-1-ol	162853038	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC(CO)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3C(C4=C(O3)C(=CC(=C4)CCCO)OC)CO)CO)OC	538.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides
3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	5387370	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	73192461	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	460.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
Acacetin-7-glucuronide	15344014	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	460.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
Apigenin 7-glucuronide	5319484	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 7-[[2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (2S)-	4441	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)CC(OC4=C3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	580.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
Naringin	442428	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)CC(OC4=C3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	580.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin	5280442	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Isonotholaenic acid	10017784	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)O)OC)C(=O)O	302.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990098Z

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Onopordum illyricum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top