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Helminthotheca echioides

Helminthotheca echioides - Unknown
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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fd277af799156525590
Scientific name Helminthotheca echioides
Authority (L.) Holub
First published in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 176 (1973)

Description Top

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Helminthotheca echioides, commonly known as bristly oxtongue, is a sprawling annual or biennial herb native to Europe and North Africa. It is often found on waste ground and agricultural soils around the world, and in some places it is considered a troublesome weed. It has distinctive sharp bristles on the leaves and stem, and a flowerhead surrounded by three rows of involucral bracts: an inner ring which is narrow and blunt-tipped with a spiny awn that arises just below the tip; a middle ring of tiny bracts which are easily overlooked; and an outer ring which is made up of 3 to 5 large, ovate-cordate flaps that later surround the seed head. It is said to be heterocarpic, with outer achenes slightly longer and curved, while the inner ones are only 5 mm long and straight. It is found throughout the British Isles and has spread to all the continents (except mainland Antarctica). It is an opportunist species which will colonise disturbed ground very quickly, and is particularly resistant to drought. It has been used as a pot herb and for medicinal purposes, and its flowers can be used to flavour vinegar.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Picris spinosa Poir. Encycl. , Suppl. 4: 408 (1816)
Picris humifusa Willd. Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1: 137 (1807)
Picris ruderalis Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 179 (1796)
Helminthia humifusa Trevir. Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13: 195 (1826)
Crepis echioides All. Fl. Pedem. i. 222 (1785)
Helminthia pratensis Chevall. Fl. Gen. Env. Paris 2(2): 552 (1828)
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Lack Diss. Univ. Wien 116: 67. 1975 [1974 publ. Apr 1975] ; Die Gattung Picris L., etc.
Helminthia echioides (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(3): 368, t. 159, f. 2. 1791 [Sep-Dec 1791]
Picris echioides var. humifusa (Willd.) Thell.
Picris echioides var. crepidiformis Thell.
Picris echioides var. tuberculata (Moench) Fiori
Picris echioides L. Sp. Pl. : 792 (1753)
Helminthia spinosa DC. Fl. Franc. 4: 58 (1805)
Helminthia dichotoma Dulac Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 496 (1867)
Helminthia tuberculata Moench Methodus : 539 (1794)
Picris echioides var. pratensis (DC.) Maire
Helminthia rigida Schult. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. : 398 (1821)
Helminthia echioides (L.) Holub
Helminthia echioides (L.) Juss. Gen. Pl. : 170 (1789)
Hieracium helminthia E.H.L.Krause Deutschl. Fl. (Sturm), ed. 2. 14: 88 (1906)
Helminthotheca echioides var. mollis (Duby) P.D.Sell Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 532 (2006)
Helminthotheca echioides var. pratensis (Chevall.) P.D.Sell Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 532 (2006)
Helminthotheca echioides var. incisa P.D.Sell Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 532 (108-109) (2006)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English bristly oxtongue
Catalan picris echioides
Czech draslavec hadincovitý
Welsh tafod-y-llew gwrychog
German wurmlattich
German natternkopf-wurmlattich
Greek Χηροβότανο
Esperanto ekieca helmintoteko
Persian تلخ زبان
Finnish muikio
Finnish karheakitkerö
Irish teanga bhó gharbh
Manx boglus
Kabyle Ḥlafa
nap spráin
Dutch dubbelkelk
Polish goryczel żmijowcowy
Portuguese picris echioides
Slovak horčíkovec hadicovitý

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Cape Verde
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Northern Provinces
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Middle Asia
      • Turkmenistan
    • Western Asia
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Tasmania
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
    • New Zealand
      • Chatham Islands
      • New Zealand North
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Krym
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Ontario
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Northwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Iowa
      • Missouri
      • North Dakota
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Vermont
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Montana
      • Oregon
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • District Of Columbia
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000123886
Canadensys 3212
Tropicos 2730253
INPN 101210
Flora of Italy 6254
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:213702-1
The Plant List gcc-8501
Open Tree Of Life 628526
NCBI Taxonomy 174463
IPNI 213702-1
iNaturalist 61906
GBIF 3141855
Freebase /m/05mztrn
EPPO PICEC
EOL 509378
Calflora (Californian flora) 10921
USDA GRIN 406955
Wikipedia Helminthotheca_echioides

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Bois noir management in vineyard: a review on effective and promising control strategies Pierro R, Moussa A, Mori N, Marcone C, Quaglino F, Romanazzi G Front Plant Sci 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11004249
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1364241
PMID:38601314
Long-Term Monitoring of the Traditional Knowledge of Plant Species Used for Culinary Purposes in the Valencia Region, South-Eastern Spain Belda A, Jordán-Nuñez J, Micó-Vicent B, López-Rodríguez D Plants (Basel) 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10975046
doi:10.3390/plants13060775
PMID:38592810
Novel Tri-Segmented Rhabdoviruses: A Data Mining Expedition Unveils the Cryptic Diversity of Cytorhabdoviruses Bejerman N, Dietzgen R, Debat H Viruses 10-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10747219
doi:10.3390/v15122402
PMID:38140643
Clematis vitalba Is a Natural Host of the Novel Ilarvirus, Prunus Virus I Salamon P, Nagyne-Galbacs Z, Demian E, Achs A, Alaxin P, Predajňa L, Agyemang ED, Desiderio F, Takacs AP, Menzel W, Škorić D, Glasa M, Varallyay E Viruses 20-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10536899
doi:10.3390/v15091964
PMID:37766370
Ecological Strategies for Resource Use by Three Bromoviruses in Anthropic and Wild Plant Communities Babalola B, Fraile A, García-Arenal F, McLeish M Viruses 21-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10458945
doi:10.3390/v15081779
PMID:37632121
Quality and Safety of Ready-to-Eat Golden Thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.): A New Product for Traditional Italian Dishes Sergio L, Di Venere D, Gonnella M, D’Imperio M, Baruzzi F, Pinto L, Boari F, Cantore V, Candido V Plants (Basel) 12-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10144175
doi:10.3390/plants12081622
PMID:37111846
Features of Natural Succession of Ex-Arable Forest Steppe Grassland (from Western Romania) under the Influence of Climate Sărățeanu V, Cotuna O, Paraschivu M, Cojocariu LL, Horablaga NM, Rechițean D, Mircov VD, Sălceanu C, Urlică AA, Copăcean L Plants (Basel) 07-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10059065
doi:10.3390/plants12061204
PMID:36986892
Determination of the Total Phenolics Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Parts of Plants from the Greek Island of Crete Kalpoutzakis E, Chatzimitakos T, Athanasiadis V, Mitakou S, Aligiannis N, Bozinou E, Gortzi O, Skaltsounis LA, Lalas SI Plants (Basel) 01-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005234
doi:10.3390/plants12051092
PMID:36903954
An Overview on Antimicrobial Potential of Edible Terrestrial Plants and Marine Macroalgae Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta Extracts Lomartire S, Gonçalves AM Mar Drugs 28-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10058896
doi:10.3390/md21030163
PMID:36976212
Native and exotic plants play different roles in urban pollination networks across seasons Zaninotto V, Thebault E, Dajoz I Oecologia 24-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9872067
doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05324-x
PMID:36692691
Aphrophoridae as Potential Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Tunisia Boukhris-Bouhachem S, Souissi R, Abou Kubaa R, El Moujabber M, Gnezdilov V Insects 24-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9962830
doi:10.3390/insects14020119
PMID:36835688
Differentiated Weed-Suppressive Ability of Modern and Old Durum Wheat Cultivars after Long-Term Cultivation under Semi-Arid Climate Scavo A, Restuccia A, Bannò M, Mauromicale G Plants (Basel) 04-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9740833
doi:10.3390/plants11233368
PMID:36501407
Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy) Iamonico D Plants (Basel) 15-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9414419
doi:10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:36015425
Early sowing can boost grain production by reducing weed infestation in organic no‐till wheat Ingraffia R, Amato G, Ruisi P, Giambalvo D, Frenda AS J Sci Food Agric 17-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9790624
doi:10.1002/jsfa.11973
PMID:35491936
Correction: Loredo Varela, R.C.; Fail, J. Host Plant Association and Distribution of the Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Cryptic Species Complex. Insects 2022, 13, 298 Loredo Varela RC, Fail J Insects 07-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9143062
doi:10.3390/insects13050442
PMID:35621825

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
trans-Verbenol 89664 Click to see CC1=CC(C2CC1C2(C)C)O 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.03.023
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
2-Methyl-5beta-isopropyl-1alpha,2beta,3beta,4alpha-cyclohexanetetraol 11542987 Click to see CC(C)C1CC(C(C(C1O)O)(C)O)O 204.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives
4a-hydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-dimethylidene-4,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran-2-one 331387 Click to see CC12CCCC(=C)C1(CC3C(C2)OC(=O)C3=C)O 248.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
Telekin 12443309 Click to see CC12CCCC(=C)C1(CC3C(C2)OC(=O)C3=C)O 248.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0011763M
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
(3S,3aR,4S,6E,9R,10E,11aR)-4,9-dihydroxy-3,6,10-trimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 162912326 Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)O)C)O 266.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
(3S,3aR,6E,9R,10E,11aS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,10-trimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 162956734 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)O)C 250.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
4,9-dihydroxy-3,6,10-trimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 162912325 Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)O)C)O 266.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
9-hydroxy-3,6,10-trimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 4541177 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)O)C 250.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(3aS,6S,6aR,9aR,9bS)-6-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6a,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 14163579 Click to see CC1(CCC2C(C3C1C(=O)C=C3CO)OC(=O)C2=C)O 278.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
(3S,3aS,6S,6aR,9aR,9bS)-6-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 14163577 Click to see CC1C2CCC(C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)(C)O 280.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
6-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 14163576 Click to see CC1C2CCC(C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)(C)O 280.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
6-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6a,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 14163578 Click to see CC1(CCC2C(C3C1C(=O)C=C3CO)OC(=O)C2=C)O 278.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lupeol 259846 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50026A025
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(93)90061-U
Isochlorogensaure 12310829 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(93)90061-U
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
Loliolide 100332 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C 196.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(3aS,9aR,9bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 162948959 Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO 260.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
(3aS)-3,3abeta,4,5,9abeta,9balpha-Hexahydro-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3alpha,6-dimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 14163575 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
(3aS)-3,3abeta,4,5,9abeta,9balpha-Hexahydro-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3beta,6-dimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 14163573 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
(3R,3aS,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 442139 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)C)C 246.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0011763M
(3S,3aS,9aS,9bR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 101733495 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0011763M
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50026A025
11beta,13-Dihydro-8-deoxylactucin 14163574 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
8-Deoxylactucin 442196 Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO 260.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50026A025
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione 3467448 Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO 260.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84061-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80390-Z
Achillin 291264 Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)C)C 246.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0011763M
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
6-Hydroxykaempferol 5281638 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)O)O)O)O 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.03.023

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