Epipactis atrorubens in Genus Epipactis

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID644039b3187a6040515291
Scientific name	Epipactis atrorubens
Authority	(Hoffm.) Besser
First published in	Prim. Fl. Galic. 2: 220 (1809)

Description Top

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Epipactis atrorubens, the dark-red helleborine or royal helleborine, is an herbaceous plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is hardy and has a short rootstalk, often with multiple, fleshy roots. It blooms from June to August with erect, mostly purple inflorescences with dense hair on the tops, standing between 20–80 cm (7.9–31.5 in) in height. The blossoms emit a strong vanilla scent, especially in warm weather. The flowers sometimes vary in color, but are in general reddish-brown. The fruit is a capsule, out of which the light, dustlike seeds are spread by the wind. It is widespread across Europe, and is found in the north to the subarctic, in the south to the Mediterranean, and in the east to Western Siberia and the Caucasus. It is legally protected in some countries and Plantlife designated the dark-red helleborine as the county flower for Banffshire, Scotland. It relies upon mycorrhizal associations with several fungi species in the order Pezizales and is often pollinated by insects, particularly bees. It is assessed as conservation status

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Limodorum rubiginosum	(Crantz) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
Serapias atrorubens	(Hoffm.) Bernh.	Neues J. Bot. 1(3): 172 (1806)
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. borbasii	Soó	Magyar Fl. 703. 1968 (1968)
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis	(Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler	J. Eur. Orch. 36: 812 (2004)
Epipactis atrorubens var. atrata	A.Waldner & Webernd.	J. Eur. Orch. 37: 132 (2005)
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii	(Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz	Kompend. Eur. Orchid. : 59 (2004)
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa	(Robatsch) Kreutz	Kompend. Eur. Orchid. : 59 (2004)
Epipactis atrorubens var. triploidea	(Gelbr. & G.Hamel) Kreutz	Kompend. Eur. Orchid. : 60 (2004)
Epipactis atrorubens var. media	(Fr.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 688. 1882
Epipactis latifolia var. atrorubens	(Hoffm.) Irmisch	Linnaea 16(5): 450. 1842 [Dec 1842]
Epipactis latifolia var. minor	Neilr.	Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 203. 1859
Epipactis viridans	Crantz	Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2. 2(6): 467, 470. 1769
Epipactis atropurpurea f. pallens	Beckh.	Fl. Westfalen 855 1893
Helleborine atropurpurea f. borbasii	Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Epipactis atrorubens f. pallens	(Beckh.) Hyl.	Nomenkl. Stud. Nord. Gefässpfl. 119 1945
Epipactis atropurpurea var. longibracteata	Bordz.	Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 344. 1950
Epipactis atropurpurea var. majoriflora	Bordz.	Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 344. 1950
Epipactis persica subsp. danubialis	(Robatsch & Rydlo) Kreutz	Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 24(1): 183 (2007)
Helleborine atropurpurea f. radnensis	Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Epipactis rubiginosa f. latifolia	Tocl	Beitr. Fl. Nordung. 5 1900
Helleborine atropurpurea f. latifolia	(Tocl) Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Helleborine atropurpurea f. orbicularis	(Zapal.) Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Helleborine atropurpurea f. alternifolia	G.Froel. ex Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Helleborine atropurpurea f. suboppositifolia	G.Froel. ex Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Helleborine atropurpurea f. leviconica	(Engenst.) Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 1927
Epipactis atropurpurea var. leviconica	Engenst.	Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 111. 1912
Epipactis atrorubens var. stenopetala	W.Zimm.	Form. Orch. Deut. 74. 1912
Epipactis latifolia var. viridans	(Crantz) Asch.	Fl. Brandenburg 1: 693. 1864
Epipactis latifolia f. viridans	(Crantz) Dichtl	Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 149 1883
Epipactis rubiginosa var. orbicularis	Zapal.	Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 228. 1906
Epipactis atrorubens f. latifolia	(Tocl) Soó	Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57 1969
Epipactis atrorubens f. orbicularis	(Zapal.) Soó	Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57 1969
Epipactis atrorubens f. longibracteata	(Bordz.) Soó	Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57 1969
Epipactis atrorubens f. majoriflora	(Bordz.) Soó	Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57 1969
Epipactis atrorubens f. angustifolia	Snarskis	Lietuvos T.S.R. Fl. 2: 678 1963
Epipactis atrorubens var. macedonica	Kreutz, Tsiftsis & Antonop.	Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 26(2): 32 (2009)
Epipactis atrorubens var. dilatata	(Graber) Verm.	Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 56: 242 1949
Helleborine atropurpurea var. dilatata	Graber	Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 48: 180. 1924
Epipactis atropurpurea	Raf.	Caratt. Nuov. Gen. : 87 (1810)
Epipactis atrorubens f. sirneensis	Neirynck	Caesiana 5: 44 (1995)
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. triploidea	Gelbr. & G.Hamel	Gleditschia 15: 204 (1987)
Epipactis cruenta	Bert. ex Vignolo	Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. , n.s., 39: 530 (1932)
Epipactis danubialis	Robatsch & Rydlo	Linzer Biol. Beitr. 21: 296 (1989)
Epipactis helleborine var. rubiginosa	Crantz	Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2. 2: 467. 1769
Epipactis helleborine subsp. viridans	(Crantz) O.Schwarz	Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 92. 1949 (1949)
Epipactis latifolia	Less.	Linnaea 9: 156. 1834 (1834)
Epipactis latifolia var. rubiginosa	(Crantz) Gaudin	Fl. Helv. 5: 465. 1829
Epipactis macropodia	Peterm.	Fl. Bienitz : 31 (1841)
Epipactis media	Fr.	Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 54 (1839)
Epipactis rubiginosa	(Crantz) Gaudin ex W.D.J.Koch	Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. ed. 2: 801. 1844 (1844)
Epipactis spiridonovii	Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers	Naturalistes Belges 76: 87 (1995)
Epipactis subclausa	Robatsch	Linzer Biol. Beitr. 20: 167 (1988)
Epipactis thessala	B.Baumann & H.Baumann	Mitt. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. Baden-Württemberg 20: 5 (1988)
Epipactis helleborine var. viridans	Crantz	Stirp. Austr. Fasc. , ed. 2, 2: 467 (1769)
Amesia atropurpurea	A.Nelson & Macbride.	Bot. Gaz. 56: 47 (1913)
Amesia rubiginosa	(Crantz) Mousley	Canad. Field-Naturalist 40: 182 (1926)
Helleborine atropurpurea	Schinz & Thell.	Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 588 (1908)
Helleborine media	Druce	Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905: 48 (1905)
Helleborine rubiginosa	Samp.	Herb. Port. : 36 (1913)
Helleborine viridans	Samp.	Herb. Port. : 36 (1913)
Epipactis rubiginosa	Schotter
Helleborine atrorubens	(Hoffm.) Druce	Dillen. Herb. 115 (1907).

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	royal helleborine
English	dark red helleborine
Spanish	heleborina rojo oscuro
Spanish	serapias sylvestris
Spanish	reina de aljezar
Spanish	heleborina real
Spanish	heleborina púrpuraoscura
Spanish	heleborina purpuraoscura
Belarusian	Гайнік цёмна-чырвоны
Bulgarian	тъмночервен дремник
Catalan	hel·leborina vermell fosc
Czech	kruštík tmavočervený
Welsh	y galdrist ruddgoch
Danish	rød hullæbe
German	braunrote ständelwurz
German	braunroter sitter
German	braunroter stendelwurz
German	braunrote stendelwurz
Estonian	tumepunane neiuvaip
Finnish	tummaneidonvaippa
French	Épipactis rouge sombre
French	Épipactis pourpre noirâtre
Croatian	tamnocrvena kruščika
Upper Sorbian	brunočerwjeny stawač
Hungarian	vörösbarna nőszőfű
Italian	heleborina rojo oscuro
lb	donkelrout harespelorchidee
Lithuanian	tamsialapis skiautalūpis
Latvian	tumšsarkanā dzeguzene
Norwegian Bokmål	rødflangre
Dutch	bruinrode wespenorchis
Norwegian Nynorsk	raudflangre
Polish	kruszczyk rdzawoczerwony
Russian	Дремлик тёмно-красный
Russian	Дремлик темно-красный
Russian	Дремлик ржаво-красный
Swedish	purpurknipprot
Ukrainian	Коручка темно-червона

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Siberia
  - West Siberia

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Vermont

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000951957
USDA Plants	EPAT
Tropicos	50185725
INPN	96432
Flora of Italy	8239
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20010355-1
The Plant List	kew-70091
Open Tree Of Life	830793
Observations.org	2490
NCBI Taxonomy	492483
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000002294
Nature Serve	2.139035
IPNI	20010355-1
iNaturalist	82160
GBIF	5318958
Freebase	/m/0f9_x4
EPPO	EPPAT
EOL	1098281
Elurikkus	4574
Wikipedia	Epipactis_atrorubens

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Biochemical Responses to the Long-Term Impact of Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) in Tobacco Plants

Tugbaeva AS, Ermoshin AA, Kiseleva IS

Int J Mol Sci

13-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10606774
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015129
PMID:	37894810

Epipactis bucegensis—A Separate Autogamous Species within the E. helleborine Alliance

Anghelescu NE, Balogh M, Balogh L, Kigyossy N, Georgescu MI, Petra SA, Toma F, Peticilă AG

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10180920
doi:	10.3390/plants12091761
PMID:	37176819

Root structure syndromes of four families of monocots in the Middle Urals

Betekhtina AA, Tukova DE, Veselkin DV

Plant Divers

01-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC10772101
doi:	10.1016/j.pld.2023.01.007
PMID:	38197004

Traditional, Therapeutic Uses and Phytochemistry of Terrestrial European Orchids and Implications for Conservation

Bazzicalupo M, Calevo J, Smeriglio A, Cornara L

Plants (Basel)

05-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9863304
doi:	10.3390/plants12020257
PMID:	36678970

Ecological and habitat ranges of orchids in the northernmost regions of their distribution areas: A case study from Ural Mountains, Russia

Kirillova IA, Dubrovskiy YA, Degteva SV, Novakovskiy AB

Plant Divers

06-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC10105133
doi:	10.1016/j.pld.2022.08.005
PMID:	37069927

Why does an obligate autogamous orchid produce insect attractants in nectar? – a case study on Epipactis albensis (Orchidaceae)

Jakubska-Busse A, Czeluśniak I, Kobyłka MJ, Hojniak M

BMC Plant Biol

13-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9006510
doi:	10.1186/s12870-022-03563-3
PMID:	35418038

The Epipactis helleborine Group (Orchidaceae): An Overview of Recent Taxonomic Changes, with an Updated List of Currently Accepted Taxa

Łobas Z, Khapugin A, Żołubak E, Jakubska-Busse A

Plants (Basel)

04-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8469704
doi:	10.3390/plants10091839
PMID:	34579372

An unknown hotspot of plant diversity in the heart of the Central Apennine: flora and vegetation outline of Mt. Pozzoni-St. Rufo valley (Cittareale, Rieti)

Lattanzi E, Del Vico E, Tranquilli R, Farris E, Marignani M, Rosati L

PhytoKeys

31-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8390790
doi:	10.3897/phytokeys.178.62947
PMID:	34475797

Genome Size Diversity in Rare, Endangered, and Protected Orchids in Poland

Rewers M, Jedrzejczyk I, Rewicz A, Jakubska-Busse A

Genes (Basel)

13-Apr-2021

PMCID:	PMC8070121
doi:	10.3390/genes12040563
PMID:	33924526

Phytogeographical Analysis and Ecological Factors of the Distribution of Orchidaceae Taxa in the Western Carpathians (Local study)

Wittlinger L, Petrikovičová L

Plants (Basel)

20-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC8003648
doi:	10.3390/plants10030588
PMID:	33804668

How to Protect Natural Habitats of Rare Terrestrial Orchids Effectively: A Comparative Case Study of Cypripedium calceolus in Different Geographical Regions of Europe

Jakubska-Busse A, Tsiftsis S, Śliwiński M, Křenová Z, Djordjević V, Steiu C, Kolanowska M, Efimov P, Hennigs S, Lustyk P, Kreutz K(

Plants (Basel)

20-Feb-2021

PMCID:	PMC7923770
doi:	10.3390/plants10020404
PMID:	33672509

Consistent population declines but idiosyncratic range shifts in Alpine orchids under global change

Geppert C, Perazza G, Wilson RJ, Bertolli A, Prosser F, Melchiori G, Marini L

Nat Commun

17-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7672077
doi:	10.1038/s41467-020-19680-2
PMID:	33203870

First Record of Ategmic Ovules in Orchidaceae Offers New Insights Into Mycoheterotrophic Plants

Alves MF, Pinheiro F, Niedzwiedzki MP, Mayer JL

Front Plant Sci

29-Nov-2019

PMCID:	PMC6895064
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2019.01447
PMID:	31850003

Iterative allogamy–autogamy transitions drive actual and incipient speciation during the ongoing evolutionary radiation within the orchid genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae)

Sramkó G, Paun O, Brandrud MK, Laczkó L, Molnár A V, Bateman RM

Ann Bot

22-Jun-2019

PMCID:	PMC6798847
doi:	10.1093/aob/mcz103
PMID:	31231754

Population and molecular datasets for Gymnadenia conopsea (Orchidaceae)

Valuyskikh OE, Shadrin DM

Data Brief

21-Jun-2019

PMCID:	PMC6698926
doi:	10.1016/j.dib.2019.104161
PMID:	31440539

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Epipactis atrorubens

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top