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Leucojum vernum

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401bfdcbb33225575063
Scientific name Leucojum vernum
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 289 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Nivaria verna Moench Methodus : 279 (1794)
Erinosma nebrodensis Lojac. Fl. Sicul. (Lojacono) 3: 80. 1909 [1908 publ. 1909]
Erinosma verna Herb. Amaryllidaceae : 331 (1837)
Galanthus vernus All. Fl. Pedem. 2: 155 (1785)
Leucojum vernum var. transsilvanicum Porcius Analele Acad. Romane ser. 2, 14: 274. 1893
Leucojum vernum var. vagneri Stapf Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 4: 86. 1886
Leucojum vernum var. biflorum Simonk. Bot. Közlem. 14: 135. 1879
Leucojum vernum subsp. carpathicum (Loudon) A.E.Murray Kalmia 13: 9 (1983):.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English snowbell
English st. agnes' flower
English dewdrop
English spring snowflake
Spanish alheli blanco de teofrasto
Spanish alhelí blanco de teofrasto
Spanish campanilla de eguiluz
Spanish campanilla de verano de la virgen
Spanish campanillas de primavera
Spanish leucoio de primavera
Spanish nivaria hexanthera
Arabic عبهر ربيعي
Arabic العبهر الربيعي
Azerbaijani yaz ağçiçəyi
Bulgarian пролетно блатно кокиче
Czech bledule jarní
Welsh eirïaidd y gwanwyn
Danish dorotealilje
German frühlings-knotenblume
German märzglöckchen
German frühlingsknotenblume
German großes schneeglöckchen
German märzbecher
German märzenbecher
Esperanto printempa leŭkojo
Estonian kevadine märtsikelluke
Basque udaberri-txilintxa
Persian دانهبرفی بهاری
Finnish kevätkello
Finnish kevätlumipisara
French nivéole du printemps
French nivéole printanière
French niveole de printemps
French nivéole de printemps
fy maitydsklokje
fy maarteblomke
Croatian ožujska čaša
Croatian proljetni drijemovac
Upper Sorbian měrcowe zwónčki
Upper Sorbian běły zwónčk
Upper Sorbian blědniwka
Upper Sorbian sněžinka
Upper Sorbian zažna snězyčka
Upper Sorbian sněholinka
Hungarian tavaszi tőzike
Italian campanellino di primavera
Japanese スプリング・スノーフレーク
Dutch lenteklokje
Norwegian Nynorsk klosterklokke
Polish Śnieżyca wiosenna
Romanian ghiocel bogat
Romanian luşcă
Romanian lușcă
Russian Белоцветник весенний
Russian Белянка
Slovak bleduľa jarná
Slovenian kronca
Slovenian kronica
Slovenian truterica
Slovenian soldatki
Slovenian šebojka
Slovenian kronice
Slovenian klinčki
Slovenian katršca
Slovenian bingeljc
Slovenian norica
Slovenian veliki zvonček
Slovenian pomladanski veliki zvonček
Swedish snöklocka
Ukrainian Білоцвіт весняний
Chinese 铃兰水仙
Chinese 雪片蓮
Chinese 雪铃花
Chinese 雪片莲

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Leucojum vernum var. carpathicum Sims Bot. Mag. 45: t. 1993 1818
Leucojum vernum var. vernum Unknown

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Maintain seeds at 20°C for 3 months, then transfer to 4°C for another 3 months.
Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.
Leucojum vernum should be sown immediately when ripe. During summer a micro bulb will form and that will start growing above ground next spring. Older seed may be difficult. ( advice from S. Svanholm Mid-Sweden)

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000683849
USDA Plants LEVE3
Tropicos 1201267
INPN 105841
Flora of Italy 6984
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:65769-1
The Plant List kew-280568
PFAF Leucojum vernum
Open Tree Of Life 813084
Observations.org 6980
NCBI Taxonomy 197685
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002251
Nature Serve 2.143412
IUCN Red List 202958
IPNI 65769-1
iNaturalist 57510
GBIF 2860409
Freebase /m/0108pk9m
EPPO LEJVE
EOL 247115
Elurikkus 5467
USDA GRIN 21979
Wikipedia Leucojum_vernum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Opening up new niche dimensions: The stoichiometry of soil microarthropods in European beech and Norway spruce forests Warnke L, Hertel D, Scheu S, Maraun M Ecol Evol 22-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10202621
doi:10.1002/ece3.10122
PMID:37223311
Freeze dehydration vs. supercooling of mesophyll cells: Impact of cell wall, cellular and tissue traits on the extent of water displacement Stegner M, Flörl A, Lindner J, Plangger S, Schaefernolte T, Strasser A, Thoma V, Walde J, Neuner G Physiol Plant 01-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9828361
doi:10.1111/ppl.13793
PMID:36190477
Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Properties of Alkaloids Isolated from Pancratium maritimum Masi M, Di Lecce R, Mérindol N, Girard MP, Berthoux L, Desgagné-Penix I, Calabrò V, Evidente A Toxins (Basel) 07-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9029599
doi:10.3390/toxins14040262
PMID:35448871
Development of Effective Therapeutic Molecule from Natural Sources against Coronavirus Protease Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NR, Martin DR, Klein A, Madiehe A, Meyer M Int J Mol Sci 30-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8430653
doi:10.3390/ijms22179431
PMID:34502340
Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products Kaur R, Sharma P, Gupta GK, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar D Molecules 29-Apr-2020
PMCID:PMC7249135
doi:10.3390/molecules25092070
PMID:32365518
Carbohydrates stimulated Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis in Leucojum aestivum L. plants cultured in RITA® bioreactor Ptak A, Morańska E, Skrzypek E, Warchoł M, Spina R, Laurain-Mattar D, Simlat M PeerJ 16-Mar-2020
PMCID:PMC7081780
doi:10.7717/peerj.8688
PMID:32211230
Antiviral effect of phytochemicals from medicinal plants: Applications and drug delivery strategies Ben-Shabat S, Yarmolinsky L, Porat D, Dahan A Drug Deliv Transl Res 01-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC7097340
doi:10.1007/s13346-019-00691-6
PMID:31788762
Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of Lycoris Radiata Park CH, Yeo HJ, Park YE, Baek SA, Kim JK, Park SU Biology (Basel) 29-Aug-2019
PMCID:PMC6784096
doi:10.3390/biology8030063
PMID:31470601
A comprehensive dataset on cultivated and spontaneously growing vascular plants in urban gardens Frey D, Moretti M Data Brief 23-May-2019
PMCID:PMC6545399
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2019.103982
PMID:31194048
Overview of the Structure–Function Relationships of Mannose-Specific Lectins from Plants, Algae and Fungi Barre A, Bourne Y, Van Damme EJ, Rougé P Int J Mol Sci 10-Jan-2019
PMCID:PMC6359319
doi:10.3390/ijms20020254
PMID:30634645
Quantification of Galantamine in Sternbergia Species by High Performance Liquid Chromatography ACIKARA ÖB, YILMAZ BS, YAZGAN D, İŞCAN GS Turk J Pharm Sci 31-Dec-2018
PMCID:PMC7227991
doi:10.4274/tjps.95967
PMID:32454692
Sources for developing new medicinal products: biochemical investigations on alcoholic extracts obtained from aerial parts of some Romanian Amaryllidaceae species Benedec D, Oniga I, Hanganu D, Gheldiu AM, Pușcaș C, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Duma M, Tiperciuc B, Vârban R, Vlase L BMC Complement Altern Med 27-Jul-2018
PMCID:PMC6063020
doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2292-8
PMID:30053845
Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Salehi B, Kumar NV, Şener B, Sharifi-Rad M, Kılıç M, Mahady GB, Vlaisavljevic S, Iriti M, Kobarfard F, Setzer WN, Ayatollahi SA, Ata A, Sharifi-Rad J Int J Mol Sci 14-May-2018
PMCID:PMC5983620
doi:10.3390/ijms19051459
PMID:29757986
In Vitro Anti-AChE, Anti-BuChE, and Antioxidant Activity of 12 Extracts of Eleutherococcus Species Załuski D, Kuźniewski R Oxid Med Cell Longev 10-Oct-2016
PMCID:PMC5075622
doi:10.1155/2016/4135135
PMID:27803761
Wild and native plants and mushrooms sold in the open-air markets of south-eastern Poland Kasper-Pakosz R, Pietras M, Łuczaj Ł J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 07-Oct-2016
PMCID:PMC5055720
doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0117-8
PMID:27717395

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Crinine- and Haemanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
CID 443694 443694 Click to see C1C(C=CC23C1N(CC2O)CC4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
O-Demethylhaemanthamine 44445844 Click to see C1C(C=CC23C1N(CC2O)CC4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Vittatine, 11-hydroxy- 602595 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
(-)-Galantamine 9651 Click to see 287.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563649
(9-Methoxy-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-yl) 3-acetyloxybutanoate 73048226 Click to see CC(CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCNCC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O2)C=C1)OC(=O)C 401.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
(9-Methoxy-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-yl) 3-hydroxybutanoate 73201024 Click to see 359.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
[(1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-yl] (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoate 15939761 Click to see 359.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
[(1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-yl] (3S)-3-acetyloxybutanoate 162926437 Click to see CC(CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCNCC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O2)C=C1)OC(=O)C 401.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
[(1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-yl] (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoate 163017343 Click to see 359.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Acetylleucovernine 101382631 Click to see 401.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Epi Norgalanthamine 11357792 Click to see 273.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Galantamin 3449 Click to see 287.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563649
Leucovernine 5326322 Click to see 359.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
N-Desmethylgalantamine 9838394 Click to see 273.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Homolycorine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
(5aR,11bS,11cS)-10-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1-methyl-2,3,5,5a,11b,11c-hexahydroisochromeno[3,4-g]indol-7-one 13877672 Click to see 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
(5S,5aS,11bS,11cS)-5-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2,3,5,5a,11b,11c-hexahydroisochromeno[3,4-g]indol-7-one 21764261 Click to see 331.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
9-Hydroxy-10-methoxy-1-methyl-2,3,5,5a,11b,11c-hexahydroisochromeno[3,4-g]indol-7-one 3844472 Click to see 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
9-O-Demethylhomolycorine 388787 Click to see CN1CCC2=CCC3C(C21)C4=CC(=C(C=C4C(=O)O3)O)OC 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Hippeastrine 441594 Click to see 315.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Homolycorine 160473 Click to see 315.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2004-827239
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19540870510
Lycorenan-7-one,9,10-dimethoxy-1-methyl- 573128 Click to see 315.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19540870510
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2004-827239
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Lycorine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
2-Acetyllycorine 25147570 Click to see 329.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2004-827239
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
Lycorine 72378 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563649
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
2-(6-Hydroxy-1-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroindol-7-yl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 162888351 Click to see 317.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19540870510
2-[(6R,7S,7aS)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroindol-7-yl]-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 162888352 Click to see 317.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19540870510
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Carbazoles / Pyrrolocarbazoles / Indolocarbazoles
(2S,3R,4S,6R)-25-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21(26),22,24,27-nonaen-16-one 162891143 Click to see CC12C(C(CC(O1)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C5=C6C(=C7C8=C(N2C7=C53)C(=CC=C8)O)CNC6=O)NC)OC 482.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050126F

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