Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440256753fc6134250164
Scientific name Brunsvigia radulosa
Authority Herb.
First published in Amaryllidaceae : 280 (1837)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
The principal commercial product is ornamental plants and cut flowers of Brunsvigia radulosa. Horticultural nursery stock and flowering bulbs are sold to the specialist ornamental trade, particularly for drought-tolerant, bulbous displays.

Industrial and craft applications:
No established industrial or craft uses beyond horticulture are documented. Plants are occasionally used in landscape restoration, xeriscaping, and rock-garden plantings, leveraging their drought-adapted, summer-growing habit.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No culinary or beverage use is reported. Plant parts contain Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and are not considered edible.

Colorants and tanning:
No use as a dye or tannin source is documented.

Wood and fiber:
No timber or fiber use is reported; the species is a geophytic herb, not a woody plant.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance or cosmetic use is reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Ornamental appeal is attributed to large, showy umbels of pink to reddish flowers, a winter to early-spring bloom in its native range, and drought tolerance associated with its succulent, winter-dormant bulb. The species is considered toxic (Amaryllidaceae alkaloids).

Standards and regulation:
Horticultural trade is subject to national plant-import/quarantine regulations and CITES where applicable. No dedicated product standards (ISO/ASTM/EN) are reported.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Wild-collection is generally not recommended for horticulture; propagation by seed or offsets is preferred. Plants are cultivated in well-drained, mineral-rich substrates; southern Africa is the main horticultural provenance, with demand focused in the specialist ornamental market.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Brunsvigia burchelliana Herb. Amaryllidaceae : t. 22 (1837)
Brunsvigia cooperi Baker Refug. Bot. 5: t. 330 (1873)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English candelabra flower
Afrikaans kandelaarblom

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Lesotho
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000762235
Tropicos 1200955
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:63514-1
The Plant List kew-301206
Open Tree Of Life 827218
NCBI Taxonomy 527044
IPNI 63514-1
iNaturalist 553817
GBIF 2853422
EOL 1086414
USDA GRIN 8021
Wikipedia Brunsvigia_radulosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Benzoindolizidine Alkaloids Tylophorine and Lycorine and Their Analogues with Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties: Promises and Challenges Di Sotto A, Valipour M, Azari A, Di Giacomo S, Irannejad H Biomedicines 24-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10603990
doi:10.3390/biomedicines11102619
PMID:37892993
Advances on the Amaryllidacea Alkaloids Collected in South Africa, Andean South America and the Mediterranean Basin Evidente A Molecules 12-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10224442
doi:10.3390/molecules28104055
PMID:37241796
The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of Primula veris in Bulgaria Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Petrova M, Grigorova I, Traykova B, Stanilova M Plants (Basel) 08-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9696790
doi:10.3390/plants11223018
PMID:36432747
Chemical and Biological Aspects of Montanine-Type Alkaloids Isolated from Plants of the Amaryllidaceae Family Koutová D, Maafi N, Havelek R, Opletal L, Blunden G, Řezáčová M, Cahlíková L Molecules 16-May-2020
PMCID:PMC7288066
doi:10.3390/molecules25102337
PMID:32429491
Lycorine: A prospective natural lead for anticancer drug discovery Roy M, Liang L, Xiao X, Feng P, Ye M, Liu J Biomed Pharmacother 14-Aug-2018
PMCID:PMC7127747
doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.147
PMID:30114645
Bulb alkaloids of the reputedly psychoactive Brunsvigia radulosa (Amaryllidaceae) N.R. Crouch, J. Chetty, D.A. Mulholland, E. Ndlovu, A.K. Jäger Elsevier BV 18-May-2016
doi:10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30461-6
Current Research and Development of Chemotherapeutic Agents for Melanoma Hsan KM, Chen CC, Shyur LF Cancers (Basel) 09-Apr-2010
PMCID:PMC3835084
doi:10.3390/cancers2020397
PMID:24281076
The pollination niche and its role in the diversification and maintenance of the southern African flora Johnson SD Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 12-Feb-2010
PMCID:PMC2838267
doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0243
PMID:20047876
Relationships between population size and pollen fates in a moth-pollinated orchid Johnson SD, Torninger E, Ågren J Biol Lett 25-Feb-2009
PMCID:PMC2665825
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0702
PMID:19324662
Bioactive alkaloids from Brunsvigia radulosa. Campbell WE, Nair JJ, Gammon DW, Codina C, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Smith PJ, Albrecht CF Phytochemistry 01-Mar-2000
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
PMID:10724185

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Crinine- and Haemanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
(+)-Crinamine 118701061 Click to see 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
(1S,13S,15R,18S)-15-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-18-ol 5281172 Click to see 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
(1S,13S,15R,18S)-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraene-15,18-diol 5282088 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
1,2-Didehydrocrinan-3-ol 101727 Click to see C1CN2CC3=CC4=C(C=C3C15C2CC(C=C5)O)OCO4 271.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Apohaemanthamine 70693230 Click to see 269.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
CID 10492187 10492187 Click to see 269.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Crinamine 500027 Click to see COC1CC2C3(C=C1)C(CN2CC4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Crinamine 73620 Click to see 301.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Crinine 398937 Click to see 271.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Hamayne 443670 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Vittatine, 11-hydroxy- 602595 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Lycorine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
1-O-Acetyllycorine 443672 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C=C2CCN3C2C1C4=CC5=C(C=C4C3)OCO5)O 329.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30461-6
Lycorine 72378 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives
(17-Hydroxy-9-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-16-yl) acetate 75966350 Click to see 361.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
(5,14-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9-azatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.012,16]hexadeca-2,4,6,12-tetraen-15-yl) acetate 78172915 Click to see 331.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
[(1S,13R,16S,17R)-17-hydroxy-9-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-16-yl] acetate 56928078 Click to see 361.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
[(1S,15S,16S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-9-azatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.012,16]hexadeca-2,4,6,12-tetraen-15-yl] acetate 163188211 Click to see 315.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
1-Epideacetylbowdensine 443673 Click to see 319.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
1-O-Acetylnorpluviine 10663147 Click to see 315.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
1H-Pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridine-1,9-diol, 2,4,5,7,11b,11c-hexahydro-10-methoxy-, 1-acetate, (1R,11bS,11cS)- 13918925 Click to see 315.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Anhydrolycorinone 321920 Click to see C1CN2C3=C1C=CC=C3C4=CC5=C(C=C4C2=O)OCO5 265.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
Sternbergine 178814 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C=C2CCN3C2C1C4=CC(=C(C=C4C3)O)OC)O 331.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines / 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines
Cherylline 90075 Click to see 285.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00575-0

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