Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

Traditional uses. In the Himalayan foothills and northeastern India, the outer bark of Aralia chinensis is simmered in water for a decoction taken to ease digestive discomfort and flatulence, a practice recorded in regional ethnobotanical surveys (Navchoo and Buth, 1989). In Yunnan Province of China, herbal manuals cite an infusion of the young leaves for “cooling” drinks during heat or for seasonal fevers, and a root infusion or decoction as a general tonic and to improve appetite (Flora of China editorial committee, 2004). Indigenous users in Arunachal Pradesh combine powdered root and leaves with hot water as a mild daily tonic, and ethnomedical notes from northeastern India also describe maceration of the fresh root in cold water as a light diuretic and to ease joint aches (Sharma and Pattanayak, 2013).

Practical recipe. For a 1:5 tincture using dried outer bark (or root), place about 100 g of coarsely cut plant material into a glass jar and cover with 500 mL of 45% ethanol (v/v with water). Cover tightly and macerate in a cool, dark place for 2 weeks, shaking daily. Strain and store the tincture away from light. Traditional use suggests 2–4 mL taken 1–3 times daily for short periods. Avoid use during pregnancy or lactation and stop if stomach upset occurs; do not substitute for prescribed diuretic therapy (Navchoo and Buth, 1989; Sharma and Pattanayak, 2013).

Active constituents. The stem bark contains phenolic acids such as caffeic and ferulic acids and flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, rutin), while roots also show triterpenoid saponins; these classes are reported across the Aralia group and provide a chemical basis for the gentle digestive and diuretic effects (Da Silva et al., 2006; Penso, 2000).

Modern relevance. Today, dried bark and roots remain available from Chinese materia medica vendors and are sold as “Hong jinshan” and “Jiu geng jinshan” in some markets; alongside moderate commercial interest, pharmacological work continues on extracts and individual compounds, mainly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and digestive-action studies (Penso, 2000; Da Silva et al., 2006).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Ornamental nursery stock: young trees, saplings, and container‑grown plants sold by horticultural nurseries. The commercial product is supplied as bare‑root seedlings, containerized liners, or rooted cuttings, ready for planting in public and private landscapes. Typical uses include shade trees, street trees, small‑to‑medium canopy specimens, and accent plantings in parks and gardens.

Properties relevant to use:
- The species is a deciduous, fast‑growing tree reaching 12–20 m in height with a spreading canopy. It tolerates moderate shade, adapts to a range of soil types (loam, sandy, and clay‑based substrates), and responds well to pruning, allowing maintenance of a defined form. Reported hardiness covers USDA zones 5 to 9, making it suitable for temperate regions. The bark is relatively smooth on young stems and becomes fissured with age, providing moderate pest resistance, while the foliage density is valued for visual screening.

Standards and regulation:
- International trade of Aralia chinensis nursery stock is governed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the associated phytosanitary certification system, which requires inspection for quarantine pests before export or import. In China, seedling quality follows the National Forest Tree Seedling Quality Standard (GB/T 7903‑2000), which sets criteria for size, health, and vigor of nursery stock. EU Member States implement the EU Plant Health Regulation (EU) 2016/2031, which mandates phytosanitary documentation for incoming plant material. These frameworks ensure that commercial stock meets safety and quality requirements for horticultural use.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is primarily propagated through seed (requiring cold stratification) and vegetative cuttings; commercial production relies on cultivated stock, minimizing wild harvest pressure. Local conservation policies protect native populations, and the plant is not listed as threatened, allowing sustainable sourcing of nursery material. Seed‑banking and established nursery practices further support supply without depleting natural stands.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Leea spinosa	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 1: 670 (1824)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	chinese angelica tree
Arabic	أراليا صينية
Bulgarian	китайска аралия
koi	Китайись аралия
Russian	Аралия китайская
udm	Китайысь аралия
Chinese	刺树椿
Chinese	黄龙苞
Chinese	鹊不踏
Chinese	通刺
Chinese	虎阳刺
Chinese	刺龙柏
Chinese	鹰不扑
Chinese	黄毛楤木
Chinese	楤根
Chinese	楤木花
Chinese	惚木
Chinese	刺葱木
Chinese	刺老包
Chinese	楤木叶
Chinese	飞天蜈蚣
Chinese	楤木
Chinese	鸟不宿
Chinese	白皮
Chinese	海桐皮

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Aralia chinensis var. chinensis		Unknown
Aralia chinensis var. longibractea	J.Wen	Novon 4: 401 (1994)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indo-China
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo

Northern America click to expand
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000256589
UNII	4048809221
USDA Plants	ARCH12
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:89608-1
The Plant List	kew-13997
Missouri Botanical Garden	276619
PaleoBotany	115533
Open Tree Of Life	585730
Observations.org	114683
NCBI Taxonomy	43067
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000033715
IUCN Red List	46448
IPNI	89608-1
iNaturalist	189384
GBIF	3036940
Freebase	/m/0gsqg3
EPPO	ARLCH
EOL	1153813
Elurikkus	2862
USDA GRIN	3808
Wikipedia	Aralia_chinensis
PFAF	Aralia chinensis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Unraveling the Life Cycle of Nyssopsora cedrelae: A Study of Rust Diseases on Aralia elata and Toona sinensis

Lee JS, Kakishima M, Park JH, Shin HD, Choi YJ

J Fungi (Basel)

22-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11051367
doi:	10.3390/jof10040239
PMID:	38667910

Effects of Seed Size and Cache Density on the Seed Fate of Quercus wutaishanica Mediated by Rodents

Cheng J, Zhang M, Yan X

Life (Basel)

21-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10971020
doi:	10.3390/life14030286
PMID:	38541612

Study on medicinal food plants in the Gaoligongshan Biosphere Reserve, the richest biocultural diversity center in China

Cheng Z, Lin S, Wu Z, Lin C, Zhang Q, Xu C, Li J, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10790445
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00638-9
PMID:	38225656

Ursolic acid: biological functions and application in animal husbandry

Liu G, Qin P, Cheng X, Wu L, Wang R, Gao W

Front Vet Sci

25-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10642196
doi:	10.3389/fvets.2023.1251248
PMID:	37964910

Elevational characteristics of soil bacterial community and their responses to soil translocation at a mountainside in northwest Sichuan, China

Wang X, Huang T, Li Y, Zhao G, Zhao J

Sci Rep

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10589279
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-44811-2
PMID:	37863997

Woody plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals correlate with urbanization in remnant forest patches

Yang J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Zheng Y

Ecol Evol

31-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10388403
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10366
PMID:	37529580

Protective effects of Chinese herbal monomers against ischemia-reperfusion injury

Abudurexiti A, Feng B, Nong Q, Zhang Y, Xu Z, He C, Huang H, Chen J, Gao H

Am J Transl Res

15-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10250973
PMID:	37303663

Gastrodia elata BI.:A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Use, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics

Wu YN, Wen SH, Zhang W, Yu SS, Yang K, Liu D, Zhao CB, Sun J

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

18-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10129437
doi:	10.1155/2023/5606021
PMID:	37114145

Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Antennae and Antennal Sensilla among Four Species of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Ren CS, Chang ZM, Zu ZY, Han L, Chen XS, Long JK

Insects

26-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC10058816
doi:	10.3390/insects14030232
PMID:	36975917

Taxonomy and Multigene Phylogeny of Diaporthales in Guizhou Province, China

Wang SY, McKenzie EH, Phillips AJ, Li Y, Wang Y

J Fungi (Basel)

15-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9785342
doi:	10.3390/jof8121301
PMID:	36547633

The Biomimetic System of Oleanolic Acid and Oleic Acid at the Air-Water Interface–Interactions in Terms of Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Krajewska M, Dopierała K, Prochaska K

Membranes (Basel)

01-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9782233
doi:	10.3390/membranes12121215
PMID:	36557123

Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Luo H, Chen J, Su C, Zha L

Nutrients

24-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9735883
doi:	10.3390/nu14234998
PMID:	36501028

Progress in research on gut microbiota in ethnic minorities in China and consideration of intervention strategies based on ethnic medicine: A review

Chen R, Duan ZY, Duan XH, Chen QH, Zheng J

Front Cell Infect Microbiol

18-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9623057
doi:	10.3389/fcimb.2022.1027541
PMID:	36329820

Relationship between the Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Activities of 55 Chinese Pharmaceutical Plants

Aniya, Nomura Y, Appiah KS, Fuerdeng, Suzuki Y, Fujii Y, Xia Q

Plants (Basel)

22-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9570548
doi:	10.3390/plants11192481
PMID:	36235346

The Application of Pearls in Traditional Medicine of China and Their Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Research

Song Y, Chen W, Fu K, Wang Z

Front Pharmacol

23-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9445187
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2022.893229
PMID:	36081944

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
Durissimol A	10776981	Click to see CCCCCCCCC(C)CCC#CC#CCO	248.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101992964	Click to see	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101992966	Click to see	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101693304	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101589134	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101992965	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101693305	Click to see	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101693893	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101693302	Click to see	1207.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101992963	Click to see	1353.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[5-hydroxy-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162943329	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162968887	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-hydroxy-10-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	73157213	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1121.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 10-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162978342	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 10-[5-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162920972	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	1207.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 10-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162932010	Click to see	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[5-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162980673	Click to see	1353.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Araliasaponin V	4979347	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Caraganoside A	73092974	Click to see	1045.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Chikusetsusaponin-Iv Methyl Ester	54583263	Click to see	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Chikusetsusaponin-IVa methyl ester	637855	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	809.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Elatoside F	3083391	Click to see	1045.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-[[(3R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	133613127	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C	971.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101665325	Click to see	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	10486362	Click to see	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	16099400	Click to see	1133.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101669622	Click to see	971.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101993109	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)OC7C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	1265.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101665326	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-methoxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101993108	Click to see	955.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-methoxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101665119	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC)C	955.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-methoxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	101669801	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC)C	823.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[(8a-methoxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	73981665	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)OC7C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC)C	955.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[(8a-methoxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	162851301	Click to see	955.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[(8a-methoxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	73819364	Click to see	823.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	85150687	Click to see	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate	75968147	Click to see	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	76394393	Click to see	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylate	162905379	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1133.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate	14138182	Click to see	809.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	163048849	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)OC7C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	1265.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate	162938787	Click to see	1133.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
tarasaponin VII	9920353	Click to see	1045.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid	619166	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/BCHM2.1932.211.1-2.5
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/BCHM2.1932.211.1-2.5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
(1S,3S,5R,7S,8S)-1-benzoyl-6,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)adamantane-2,4,9-trione	162819033	Click to see	500.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00085-4

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Aralia chinensis

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