Angelica komarovii

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Common products:
The principal commercial product obtained from Angelica komarovii is its essential oil, a clear to amber liquid with a characteristic herbaceous and slightly spicy aroma.

Industrial and craft applications:
The essential oil is produced by hydrodistillation of fresh aerial parts (stems, leaves, and inflorescences), a standard industrial method for extracting volatile oils from herbaceous material. The oil is supplied to fragrance and flavor companies and also serves as a research reagent in studies of plant secondary metabolism.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Analyses of the oil have identified a predominance of monoterpenes (α‑pinene ≈15 % of total oil, sabinene ≈10 %, limonene ≈9 %) and phthalides (ligustilide ≈6 %, 3‑n‑butylphthalide ≈2 %). The resulting aromatic profile is comparable to that of other Angelica species employed in perfumery, and the oil has been investigated for its suitability in perfume and flavor formulations. In addition, Angelica komarovii is used as a model organism in research on the biosynthetic pathways of monoterpenes and phthalides, providing insights that inform the development of scent‑producing crops.

Properties relevant to use:
Key physical properties of the essential oil are: relative density 0.925–0.938 g cm⁻³ (20 °C), refractive index 1.482–1.490, and optical rotation +0.8 to +1.5° (c = 1 % in CHCl₃). The oil is soluble in ethanol and most organic solvents, and it volatilizes at a temperature of approximately 220 °C. Gas‑chromatography–mass‑spectrometry confirms the major constituents are monoterpenes and phthalides, which impart the volatility and stability required for perfume applications.

Standards and regulation:
Production of Angelica komarovii essential oil follows the quality specifications outlined in ISO 3215:2017 (Oil of Angelica), which defines density, refractive index, optical rotation, and gas‑chromatographic profile criteria for Angelica essential oils. Manufacturers typically submit batches for compliance testing, and the product is subject to national regulations in China governing cosmetic and food‑grade ingredients, including limits on pesticide residues and heavy metals.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is native to montane forests of western China (Sichuan, Yunnan). Historically raw material was wild‑collected, raising concerns about over‑harvesting. Recent agronomic trials have demonstrated successful cultivation from seed, yielding 0.6–0.8 % (w/w) essential oil on a fresh‑weight basis. Commercial growers in the mountainous regions now supply the market, providing a more sustainable source and enabling traceability to meet regulatory requirements.

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